Medical Terminology: A Living Language

Seventh Edition

Chapter 10
Reproductive System

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Female Reproductive System at a Glance
• The female reproductive system does four things:
– Produces ova
– Provides a place for fertilization and fetal growth
– Secretes sex hormones
– Produces milk

• It includes the ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, vulva, and breasts.

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Female Reproductive System Illustrated

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Anatomy and Physiology of the Female
Reproductive System
• The female reproductive system consists of internal and external genitalia.

• The internal genitalia include:

– The uterus
– Two ovaries
– Two uterine tubes
– The vagina

• The external genitalia are collectively referred to as the vulva.

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Figure 10.1
The female reproductive system, sagittal view showing organs of the system in
relation to the urinary bladder and rectum.

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Internal Genitalia: Ovaries
• The ovaries are two almond-shaped glands on each side of the uterus.

• They produce and release an ovum about every 28 days.

• This process of ovulation is prompted by anterior pituitary hormones.

• The ovaries also produce the sex hormones estrogen and progesterone.

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Figure 10.2
Structure of the ovary and uterine (fallopian) tube. Figure illustrates stages of ovum
development and the relationship of the ovary to the uterine tube.

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Internal Genitalia: Uterine Tubes
• The uterine tubes transport the ovum from the ovary to the uterus.

• Finger-like fimbriae near the ovaries direct the ovum into the tubes.

• The tubes then propel the ovum to the uterus for implantation.

• Fertilization typically occurs in the upper half of the tubes.

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Figure 10.4
Uterine (fallopian) tube, showing released ovum within the uterine tube.

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Internal Genitalia: Uterus (1 of 3)
• The uterus is a hollow, pear-shaped organ in the center of pelvic cavity.

• It is normally bent slightly forward in the anteflexion position.

• It can be subdivided into three parts:

– The fundus, or upper portion
– The corpus, or central portion
– The cervix, or lower portion

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Internal Genitalia: Uterus (2 of 3)
• The uterus is made up of three layers:
– The endometrium is the inner layer with a rich blood supply.
– The myometrium is the middle layer of thick muscle.
– The perimetrium is the outer layer that helps hold the uterus in position.

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Internal Genitalia: Uterus (3 of 3)
• If pregnancy is not established, most of the endometrium is sloughed off.

• This is called menstruation or the menstrual period.

• The first menstruation is menarche and occurs around 12 years of age.

• The end of menstruation and the childbearing years is menopause between 40 and 55
years of age.

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Figure 10.5
The uterus. Cutaway view shows regions of the uterus and cervix and its
relationship to the uterine (fallopian) tubes and vagina.

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Internal Genitalia: Vagina
• The vagina is a thin muscular tube lined with mucous membrane.

• It extends from the cervix to the exterior.

• It allows for passage of menstrual flow, receives the penis and semen, and serves as the
birth canal.

• The hymen covers the external orifice.

• The Bartholin’s glands provide lubrication for intercourse.

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Figure 10.6
The vagina, sagittal section showing the location of the vagina and its relationship to
the cervix, uterus, rectum, and bladder.

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Vulva
• The vulva is the general name for the structures of the external genitalia.

• The labia majora and minora are skin folds that protect the genitalia, vaginal orifice, and
urinary meatus.

• The clitoris is erectile tissue aroused during sexual stimulation.

• The perineum lies between the vaginal orifice and the anus.

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Figure 10.7
The vulva, illustrating how the labia majora and labia minora cover and protect the
vaginal orifice, clitoris, and urinary meatus.

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Breasts
• The breasts produce milk through the process of lactation to nourish an infant.

• Milk is produced by the lactiferous glands and is carried to the nipple by the lactiferous
ducts.

• The areola is the pigmented area around the nipple.

• The breast will secrete milk as long as it is stimulated by a nursing infant.

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Figure 10.8
The breast, cutaway view showing both internal and external features.

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Pregnancy (1 of 2)
• Pregnancy is the period of time during which the fetus develops in the uterus.

• Normal pregnancy length, or gestation, is 40 weeks.

• From implantation through week 8, organs form and the baby is an embryo.

• From week 8 through birth, the organs mature and the baby is a fetus.

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Pregnancy (2 of 2)
• The fetus receives nourishment by way of the spongy, blood-filled placenta.

• The placenta is an organ and is delivered following birth of the baby.

• The umbilical cord attaches the fetus to the placenta.

• The amnion is the innermost of the two protective sacs.

• The chorion is the outermost sac.

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Figure 10.9
A full-term pregnancy. Image illustrates position of the fetus and the structures
associated with pregnancy.

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Figure 10.10
Computer rendering illustrating the development of an embryo.

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Figure 10.11
Photograph illustrating the development of a fetus.

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Labor and Delivery (1 of 2)
• Labor occurs in three stages.

• The first stage is dilation.

– During dilation, the uterine muscle contracts strongly to expel the fetus.
– The fetus presses on the cervix, causing it to dilate.
– As the cervix dilates, it becomes thinner through effacement.

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Figure 10.12A
The stages of labor and delivery. During the dilation stage the cervix thins and
dilates to 10 cm.

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Labor and Delivery (2 of 2)
• The second stage is expulsion.
– It begins when the cervix dilates 10 cm.
– It ends with delivery of the baby.
– The baby’s head usually appears first.

• The last stage is the placental stage.

– It occurs immediately after birth.
– It causes expulsion of the placenta.

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Figure 10.12B
The stages of labor and delivery. During the expulsion stage the infant is delivered.

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Figure 10.12C
The stages of labor and delivery. During the placental stage the placenta is
delivered.

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Additional Combining Forms (1 of 6)
Combining Form Definition
abdomin/o
amni/o
bi/o
carcin/o
cervic/o
chori/o
colp/o
culd/o

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Additional Combining Forms (2 of 6)
Combining Form Definition
cyst/o
dilat/o
embry/o
episi/o
fet/o
fibr/o
gynec/o
hem/o

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Additional Combining Forms (3 of 6)
Combining Form Definition
hemat/o
hymen/o
hyster/o
lact/o
lapar/o
later/o
leuk/o
mamm/o

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Additional Combining Forms (4 of 6)
Combining Form Definition
mast/o
men/o
metr/o
nat/o
olig/o
oophor/o
or/o
ovari/o

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Additional Combining Forms (5 of 6)
Combining Form Definition
pelv/o
perine/o
py/o
radic/o
rect/o
salping/o
son/o
tox/o

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Additional Combining Forms (6 of 6)
Combining Form Definition
uter/o
vagin/o
vulv/o

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Additional Suffixes (1 of 5)
Suffix Definition
-al pertaining to
-algia pain
-ar pertaining to
-ary pertaining to
-cele protrusion
-centesis puncture to withdraw fluid
-cyesis pregnancy
-ectomy surgical removal

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Additional Suffixes (2 of 5)
Suffix Definition
-emesis
-gram
-graphy
-gravida
-ia
-iasis
-ic
-ine

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Additional Suffixes (3 of 5)
Suffix Definition
-itis
-logy
-lytic
-nic
-oid
-oma
-opsy
-osis

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Additional Suffixes (4 of 5)
Suffix Definition
-otomy
-ous
-para
-partum
-pexy
-plasty
-rrhagia
-rrhaphy

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Additional Suffixes (5 of 5)
Suffix Definition
-rrhea
-rrhexis
-salpinx
-scope
-scopy
-tic
-tocia

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Additional Prefixes (1 of 3)
Prefix Definition
a-
ante-
bi-
contra-
dys-
endo-
in-
intra-

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Additional Prefixes (2 of 3)
Prefix Definition
multi-
neo-
nulli-
peri-
post-

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Additional Prefixes (3 of 3)
Prefix Definition
pre-
primi-
pseudo-
ultra-

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Adjective Forms of Anatomical Terms (1 of 2)
Term Definition
amniotic
cervical
chorionic
embryonic
endometrial
fetal
fibrous

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Adjective Forms of Anatomical Terms (2 of 2)
Term Definition
lactic
mammary
ovarian
perineal
uterine
vaginal
vulvar

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Pregnancy Terms (1 of 3)
Term Definition
antepartum period of time before birth
thin fluid first secreted by the breast
colostrum
after delivery; contains antibodies
develop from two different ova fertilized
fraternal twins
by two different sperm
develop from the splitting of a single
identical twins
fertilized ovum
meconium first bowel movement of the newborn

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Pregnancy Terms (2 of 3)
Term Definition
woman who has been pregnant two
multigravida
or more times
woman who has given birth to a live
multipara
infant two or more times
neonate term for a newborn baby
nulligravida woman who has not been pregnant
woman who has not given birth to a
nullipara
live infant

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Pregnancy Terms (3 of 3)
Term Definition
postpartum period of time just after birth
primigravid
a (GI or woman who is pregnant for the first time
grav I)
Primipara
woman who has given birth to a live
(PI or para
infant once
I)

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Medical Specialties
Term Definition
Branch of medicine specializing in the
diagnosis and treatment of conditions of the
gynecology
female reproductive system. Physician is a
gynecologist.
Branch of medicine specializing in the
neonatology diagnosis and treatment of conditions involving
newborns. Physician is a neonatologist.
Branch of medicine specializing in the
diagnosis and treatment of women during
obstetrics
pregnancy and childbirth, and immediately
after childbirth. Physician is an obstetrician.

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Signs and Symptoms (1 of 2)
Term Definition

amenorrhea condition of having no menstrual flow

flow of amniotic fluid when amnion
amniorrhea
ruptures
dysmenorrhe condition of having painful menstrual
a flow
condition of having painful sexual
dyspareunia
intercourse
dystocia difficult labor and childbirth
hematosalpin
presence of blood in the uterine tube
x
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Signs and Symptoms (2 of 2)
Term Definition
leukorrhea whitish or yellowish vaginal discharge
mastalgia breast pain
condition of having abnormally heavy
menorrhagia menstrual flow during normal
menstruation time
uterine bleeding between menstrual
metrorrhagia
periods
discharge (such as pus or mucus) from
metrorrhea
the uterus
oligomenorrh
condition of having light menstrual flow
ea
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Ovary Pathology
Term Definition
oophoritis inflammation of an ovary
ovarian
malignant tumor of the ovaries
carcinoma
cyst that develops in the ovary; may
ovarian cyst
rupture causing pain and bleeding

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Uterine Tube Pathology
Term Definition
pyosalpinx presence of pus in a uterine tube
salpingitis inflammation of a uterine tube

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Uterus Pathology (1 of 2)
Term Definition
cervical cancer malignant tumor of the cervix
inflammation occurring within the
endocervicitis
cervix
endometrial malignant tumor of the lining of the
cancer uterus
inflammation of the lining of the
endometritis
uterus
fibroid tumor benign fibrous tumor in the uterus

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Figure 10.14
Common sites for the development of fibroid tumors.

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Uterus Pathology (2 of 2)
Term Definition
hysterorrhexis rupture of the uterus
menometrorrha excessive bleeding during and
gia between menstrual periods
group of symptoms appearing just
premenstrual prior to the menstrual period;
syndrome (PMS) irritability, headache, tender breasts,
and anxiety
fallen uterus; may cause the cervix
prolapsed uterus
to protrude through vaginal opening

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Vagina Pathology
Term Definition
yeast infection of mucous membranes lining the
candidiasis
vagina
hernia of the bladder that protrudes into the
cystocele
vagina
rectocele protrusion of the rectum into the vagina
toxic shock staphylococcus infection occurring in
syndrome menstruating women; associated with
(TSS) prolonged wear of super-absorbent tampons
vaginitis inflammation of the vagina

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Pelvic Cavity Pathology
Term Definition

the appearance of endometrial

endometriosis tissue throughout the pelvis or on
the abdominal wall

pelvic bacterial infection that has spread

inflammatory through female reproductive tract
disease (PID) and out into pelvic cavity
inflammation of pelvic cavity around
perimetritis
the outside of the uterus

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Breast Pathology
Term Definition
breast cancer malignant tumor of the breast tissue
fibrocystic breast appearance of fibrous tumors in
disease breast tissue

discharge of milk from breast other

lactorrhea
than normal lactation

mastitis inflammation of a breast

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Figure 10.15
Comparison of breast cancer and fibrocystic disease. A) Breast with a malignant
tumor growing in the lactiferous gland and duct. B) The location of a fibrocystic
lump in the adipose tissue covering the breast.

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Pregnancy Pathology (1 of 4)
Term Definition
abruptio placenta tears away from the uterine
placentae wall prior to delivery of the baby
convulsions and coma occurring during
eclampsia
late stages of pregnancy
occurs when a mother is Rh– and her
hemolytic
baby is Rh+; the mother's antibodies
disease of the
cross the placenta and attack the
newborn (HDN)
baby's blood

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Pregnancy Pathology (2 of 4)
Term Definition
inability to produce children; no
infertility pregnancy after properly timed
intercourse for one year
formation of the placenta low in the
placenta previa uterus that blocks the opening to the
birth canal
metabolic disease of pregnancy; may
result in eclampsia; symptoms include
preeclampsia
hypertension, headaches, and edema;
also called toxemia

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Figure 10.16
Placenta previa, longitudinal section showing the placenta growing over the opening
into the cervix.

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Pregnancy Pathology (3 of 4)
Term Definition
emergence of the umbilical cord from
birth canal before the baby; the cord
prolapsed
becomes pinched between baby's head
umbilical cord
and vaginal wall, cutting off the baby’s
blood supply
the body acts as if there is a pregnancy
pseudocyesis when there is no pregnancy; hormonal
changes are common
salpingocyes pregnancy that occurs in the uterine
is tube instead of in the uterus

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Pregnancy Pathology (4 of 4)
Term Definition
unplanned loss of pregnancy early in
spontaneous
gestation; commonly called a
abortion
miscarriage
death of a fetus of viable age; occurs
stillbirth
shortly before or at time of delivery

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Clinical Laboratory Tests
Term Definition
human examination of cervical tissue sample
papillomavirus to determine whether HPV infection is
(HPV) DNA test responsible for cervical cancer
Pap
scraping of cervical cells is examined
(Papanicolaou)
for early signs of cervical cancer
smear
chemical test to determine a pregnancy
pregnancy test
during first few weeks

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Diagnostic Imaging
Term Definition
X-ray of uterus and uterine
hysterosalpingography tubes after injecting radiopaque
(HSG) material into the uterus and
uterine tubes
mammogram X-ray record of the breast
the process of recording the
mammography
breast
use of high-frequency sound
pelvic ultrasonography waves to produce an image of
the pelvic organs or a fetus

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Endoscopic Procedures
Term Definition
instrument used to visually examine the
colposcope
vagina
colposcopy visual examination of the vagina
visual examination of pelvic cavity behind
culdoscopy the uterus using a culdoscope introduced
through an incision in the vaginal wall
instrument to examine inside the
laparoscope
abdominopelvic cavity
visual examination of the abdominopelvic
laparoscopy
cavity and organs

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Figure 10.17
Illustration depicting a laparoscopic examination of the uterus, ovaries, and uterine
tubes.

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Obstetrical Diagnostic Procedures (1 of 2)
Term Definition
puncture of the amniotic sac with a
amniocentesi needle and syringe to remove fluid for
s testing; helps determine fetal maturity,
development, and genetic disorders
evaluates newborn's adjustment to
outside environment; observes color,
Apgar score
heart rate, respiratory rate, muscle
tone, and response to stimulus

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Obstetrical Diagnostic Procedures (2 of 2)
Term Definition
chorionic
removal of a small piece of chorion for
villus sampling
genetic analysis
(CVS)
electronic equipment on mother's
fetal
abdomen or fetus's scalp to check heart
monitoring
rate during labor and delivery

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Additional Diagnostic Procedures
Term Definition
cervical removing a piece of cervical tissue to
biopsy examine for cancer
endometria
removing a sample of endometrial tissue
l biopsy
to examine for cancer
(EMB)
physical exam of vagina and adjacent
pelvic
organs; a speculum is used to open the
examination
vagina

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Figure 10.18
A speculum used to hold the vagina open in order to visualize the cervix.

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Medical Procedures
Term Definition
barrier prevents sperm from meeting an
contraception ovum; condom, diaphragms
using hormones to block ovulation;
hormonal
no ovum is released for fertilization;
contraception
pills, patch, implant
device inserted into uterus to
intrauterine
prevent pregnancy from
device (IUD)
establishing

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Figure 10.19
Photograph illustrating the shape of two different intrauterine devices (IUDs).

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Surgical Procedures (1 of 5)
Term Definition
amniotomy cutting into the amnion
cervicectomy surgical removal of cervix
cesarean section surgical delivery of baby through
(CS, C-section) abdominal incision
conization removal of a core of cervical tissue
dilation and dilation of cervix and scraping away
curettage (D&C) of endometrial lining
legal termination of a pregnancy for
elective abortion
non-medical reasons

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Surgical Procedures (2 of 5)
Term Definition
suture of the perineum following
episiorrhaphy
tearing or episiotomy during birth
incision into the perineum to widen
episiotomy
the birth canal during delivery
hymenectomy surgical removal of the hymen
hysterectomy surgical removal of the uterus
hysteropexy surgical fixation of the uterus

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Surgical Procedures (3 of 5)
Term Definition
laparotomy cutting into the abdominal cavity
removal of breast lump and tissue
lumpectomy
immediately surrounding it
mammoplasty surgical repair of the breast
mastectomy surgical removal of the breast
oophorectomy surgical removal of an ovary
radical removal of breast tissue plus chest
mastectomy muscles and axillary lymph nodes

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Surgical Procedures (4 of 5)
Term Definition
salpingectomy surgical removal of a uterine tube
simple
removal of breast tissue only
mastectomy
termination of a pregnancy for the
therapeutic
health of the mother or another
abortion
medical reason
total abdominal
hysterectomy—
removal of the entire uterus, cervix,
bilateral
both uterine tubes, and both
salpingo-
ovaries
oophorectomy
(TAH-BSO)
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Surgical Procedures (5 of 5)
Term Definition
surgical tying off of uterine tubes to
tubal ligation
prevent conception
removal of the uterus through
vaginal
vagina rather than an abdominal
hysterectomy
incision

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Female Reproductive System Pharmacology
(1 of 2)

Drug Type Use Examples

Mifeprex,
abortifacient terminates a pregnancy
Prostin E2
Clomid,
fertility drug triggers ovulation
Gonal-F
hormone replacement estrogen
Cenestin,
replacement after menopause or loss of
Premarin
therapy (HRT) the ovaries

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Female Reproductive System Pharmacology
(2 of 2)

Drug Type Use Examples

oral
prevents conception by Ortho-Cept,
contraceptive
blocking ovulation Lo/Ovral
pills (OCPs)
improves uterine
Pitocin,
oxytocin contractions during labor
Syntocinon
and delivery

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Female Reproductive System Abbreviations
(1 of 5)

Term Definition
AB abortion
AI artificial insemination
BSE breast self-examination
CS, C-section cesarean section
CVS chorionic villus sampling
Cx cervix
D&C dilation and curettage

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Female Reproductive System Abbreviations
(2 of 5)

Term Definition
EDD estimated date of delivery
EMB endometrial biopsy
ERT estrogen replacement therapy
FEKG fetal electrocardiogram
FHR fetal heart rate
FHT fetal heart tone
FSH follicle stimulating hormone

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Female Reproductive System Abbreviations
(3 of 5)

Term Definition
FTND full-term normal delivery
GI, grav I first pregnancy
GYN, gyn gynecology
HCG, hCG human chorionic gonadotropin
HDN hemolytic disease of the newborn
HPV human papilloma virus
HRT hormone replacement therapy
HSG hysterosalpingography

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Female Reproductive System Abbreviations
(4 of 5)

Term Definition
IUD intrauterine device
IVF in vitro fertilization
LBW low birth weight
LH luteinizing hormone
LMP last menstrual period
NB newborn
OB obstetrics
OCPs oral contraceptive pills

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Female Reproductive System Abbreviations
(5 of 5)

Term Definition
Pap Papanicolaou test
PI, para I first delivery
PID pelvic inflammatory disease
PIH pregnancy-induced hypertension
PMS premenstrual syndrome
total abdominal hysterectomy-bilateral
TAH-BSO
salpingo-oophorectomy
TSS toxic shock syndrome
UC uterine contraction

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Male Reproductive System at a Glance
• The male reproductive system does three things:
– Produces sperm
– Delivers sperm to the female
– Secretes male sex hormones

• It includes the testes, epididymis, penis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate gland,
and bulbourethral glands.

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Male Reproductive System Illustrated

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Anatomy and Physiology of the Male
Reproductive System
• The major organs of male reproduction are located externally.

• External organs include the penis and two testes, each with an epididymis.

• The penis contains the urethra, which carries both urine and sperm.

• Internal organs include two seminal vesicles, two vas deferens, one prostate, and two
bulbourethral glands.

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Figure 10.20
The male reproductive system, sagittal section showing the organs of the system and
their relation to the urinary bladder and rectum.

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External Organs of Reproduction: Testes
• The testes are oval-shaped and produce sperm in seminiferous tubules.

• They maintain a lower temperature via suspension in the scrotum.

• Testosterone is produced in the testes.

– Testosterone is the primary androgen.
– It is responsible for development of sex organs, sperm, and secondary sex
characteristics.

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Figure 10.21
Illustration of human sperm structure.

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External Organs of Reproduction:
Epididymis
• The epididymis is a coiled tube-shaped organ.

• One lies on top of each testis within the scrotum.

• Sperm mature and are stored in the epididymis.

• When sperm are ready, they are released into the vas deferens.

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External Organs of Reproduction: Penis
• The penis delivers sperm into the female vagina.

• The soft tip is the glans penis and is covered by the prepuce.

• The penis becomes erect during sexual stimulation to allow for insertion in the female
and ejaculation of semen.

• The urethra carries semen out of the male body.

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Internal Organs of Reproduction: Vas
Deferens
• Each vas deferens carries sperm from the epididymis into the pelvic cavity.

• They travel in front of the bladder, over its top, and down the back to the urethra.

• The vas deferens is part of the spermatic cord, along with nerves, arteries, veins, and
lymph vessels.

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Seminal Vesicles
• The two seminal vesicles are small glands at the base of the bladder.

• They connect to the vas deferens right before it empties into the urethra.

• They release a glucose-rich fluid that nourishes the sperm.

• This fluid, along with sperm and other secretions, makes up the semen.

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Prostate Gland
• The single prostate gland is located just below urinary bladder.

• It surrounds the urethra and can cause trouble in urinating when enlarged.

• The prostate secretes an alkaline fluid into semen.

• This fluid neutralizes the pH of the urethra and vagina and helps sperm survive.

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Bulbourethral Gland
• The two small bulbourethral glands are located on either side of the urethra below the
prostate.

• They secrete a mucus-like fluid that joins the semen.

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Additional Combining Forms (1 of 3)
Combining Form Definition
andr/o male
balan/o glans penis
carcin/o cancer
crypt/o hidden
epididym/o epididymis
genit/o genital
hydr/o water
immun/o protection

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Additional Combining Forms (2 of 3)
Combining Form Definition
olig/o scanty
orch/o testes
orchi/o testes
orchid/o testes
pen/o penis
prostat/o prostate gland
rect/o rectum
spermat/o sperm

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Additional Combining Forms (3 of 3)
Combining Form Definition
testicul/o testicle
ur/o urine
urethr/o urethra
varic/o dilated vein
vas/o vas deferens
vesicul/o seminal vesicle

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Additional Suffixes (1 of 3)
Suffix Definition
-al pertaining to
-ar pertaining to
-cele protrusion
-ectomy surgical removal
-gen that which produces
-iasis abnormal condition
-ic pertaining to
-ile pertaining to

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Additional Suffixes (2 of 3)
Suffix Definition
-ism state of
-itis inflammation
-logy study of
-lysis to destroy
-oid resembling
-oma tumor
-osis abnormal condition
-ostomy surgically create an opening

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Additional Suffixes (3 of 3)
Suffix Definition
-otomy cutting into
-pexy surgical fixation
-plasia formation of cells
-plasty surgical repair
-rrhea discharge
-spermia sperm condition

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Additional Prefixes
Prefix Definition
a- without
an- without
anti- against
dys- abnormal
epi- above
hyper- excessive
hypo- below
trans- across

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Adjective Forms of Anatomical Terms
Term Definition
balanic pertaining to the glans penis
epididymal pertaining to the epididymis
penile pertaining to the penis
prostatic pertaining to the prostate gland
spermatic pertaining to sperm
testicular pertaining to the testes
vasal pertaining to the vas deferens
vesicular pertaining to seminal vesicles

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Medical Specialities
Term Definition
Branch of medicine involved in the
diagnosis and treatment of diseases
urology and disorders of the urinary system
and male reproductive system.
Physician is a urologist.

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Signs and Symptoms
Term Definition
aspermia condition of having no sperm
balanorrhea discharge from the glans penis
oligospermia condition of having too few sperm
term referring to anything that
spermatolysis
destroys sperm

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Testes Pathology (1 of 2)
Term Definition
anorchism absence of testes
failure of the testes to descend into
cryptorchidism
the scrotum before birth
accumulation of fluid around the
hydrocele
testes or along the spermatic cord

orchitis inflammation of one or both testes

inability to father children due to a

sterility
problem with spermatogenesis

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Testes Pathology (2 of 2)
Term Definition
testicular
malignant tumor of the testes
carcinoma
testicular torsion twisting of the spermatic cord
enlargement of veins in the
varicocele spermatic cord; most common in the
left side of adolescent males

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Epididymis Pathology
Term Definition
epididymitis inflammation of the epididymis

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Prostate Gland Pathology
Term Definition

benign prostatic noncancerous enlargement of the

hyperplasia prostate gland; common in older
(BPH) men
malignant tumor of the prostate
prostate cancer
gland
prostatitis inflammation of the prostate gland

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Penis Pathology (1 of 2)
Term Definition
balanitis inflammation of the glans penis
congenital condition; opening of the
epispadias urethra is on the dorsal surface of the
penis
erectile
inability to engage in sexual intercourse
dysfunction
due to inability to maintain an erection
(ED)
congenital condition; opening of the
hypospadias
urethra is on the underside of the penis

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Penis Pathology (2 of 2)
Term Definition
narrowing of prepuce; constricts the
phimosis
glans penis
persistent and painful erection; caused
priapism
by pathology, not sexual stimulation

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Sexually Transmitted Disease (1 of 2)
Term Definition
chancroid highly infectious non-syphilitic venereal ulcer
bacterial genital infection in males and
chlamydia
females
genital
viral infection that appears like blisters
herpes
genital warts on the genitalia of both males and
warts females; caused by a virus
gonorrhe bacterial infection of mucous membranes of
a (GC) males and females

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Figure 10.22
Photograph showing a chancroid on the glans penis.

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Sexually Transmitted Disease (2 of 2)
Term Definition
human
sexually transmitted virus that attacks the
immunodeficiency
immune system
virus (HIV)
disease acquired as a result of sexual
sexually transmitted
intercourse; also called venereal disease
disease (STD)
(VD) or sexually transmitted infection (STI)

chronic bacterial infection; attacks multiple

syphilis
organs and is fatal when untreated

genitourinary infection caused by a protist in

trichomoniasis
both males and females

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Clinical Laboratory Tests
Term Definition
prostate-specific blood test to screen for prostate
antigen (PSA) cancer
part of fertility workup; sperm are
semen analysis analyzed for number, swimming
strength, and shape

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Additional Diagnostic Procedures
Term Definition

digital rectal
manual examination for enlarged prostate
exam (DRE)

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Surgical Procedures (1 of 3)
Term Definition
balanoplasty surgical repair of the glans penis
castration surgical removal of the testes
circumcision surgical removal of the prepuce
epididymectomy surgical removal of the epididymis
orchidectomy surgical removal of a testis
surgical fixation of undescended
orchidopexy
testes in the scrotum
orchiectomy surgical removal of a testis

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Surgical Procedures (2 of 3)
Term Definition
orchiotomy cutting into the testes
orchioplasty surgical repair of the testes
surgical removal of the prostate
prostatectomy
gland
process of rendering a male or
sterilization
female unable to conceive children

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Surgical Procedures (3 of 3)
Term Definition
transurethral removal of prostate tissue by
resection of the inserting a device through the
prostate (TUR, TURP) urethra
removal of a segment or all of
the vas deferens to prevent
vasectomy
sperm from leaving the male
body
reversal of a vasectomy by
vasovasostomy reconnecting the ends of the vas
deferens

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Figure 10.23
A vasectomy, showing how each vas deferens is tied off in two places and then a
section is removed from the middle. This prevents sperm from traveling through the
vas deferens during ejaculation.

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Male Reproductive System Pharmacology
Drug Type Use Examples
replacement of male Andronate,
androgen therapy
hormones DepAndro
antiprostatic shrinks benign Proscar,
agents prostatic hyperplasia Avodart
erectile temporarily produces
Viagra, Cialis
dysfunction agents an erection
Semicid,
spermatocide destroys sperm
Ortho-Gynol

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Male Reproductive System
Abbreviations (1 of 2)
Term Definition
BPH benign prostatic hyperplasia
DRE digital rectal exam
ED erectile dysfunction
GC gonorrhea
GU genitourinary
PSA prostate-specific antigen

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Male Reproductive System
Abbreviations (2 of 2)
Term Definition
RPR rapid plasma reagin (test for syphilis)
SPP suprapubic prostatectomy
STD sexually transmitted disease
STI sexually transmitted infection
TUR transurethral resection
TURP transurethral resection of the prostate
VD venereal disease

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 Game Time!

Join your fellow students as we play Student Review

Game #8 for Chapter 10!

Audience, remember to turn in your game #8 Chapter

10 critique at the beginning of the next class session
to earn one graded point.

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Copyright

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