PROCEDURE 1. Take two long flexible wires one red and other black. Red wire serves as the lin e asneutral wire. 2. Connect one point of each bulb holder to the neutral wire and the other end th isconnected to live wire. 3. Connect the fuse to the red wire or the live wire. 4. Connect the two pin plug to the two lead wire. 5. Putthe bulb, in the bulb holder and the plug to the supply source. OBSERVATION The bulb glows when the switch is on. CAUTIONS 1. Fuseshould be connected in live wire. 2. Switches (ON/OFF) should be connected in live wire, 3. Rating of fuse should be calculated in accordance with the rating of bulbs,AM ‘To assemble the components of a given electrical circuit to measure Internal resistance ofa cell using a potentiometer, APPARATUS 1 Resistor, [Link], 3. Voltmeter [Link]-way-key, 5. Battery 6. Rheostat 7. Connecting wires. PROCEDURE Fig. : eee Streak using Arrange the components in proper order as shown in the circuit diagram and make the circuit. Make connection properly keeping the switch open. After completing the circuit check itby closing the switch. Your circuitis ready. USE tis used to measuring an unknown resistance. 1, Ammeteris connect in series in the circuit. 2. _ Voltmeteris connected in parallel with the given resistor. CONCLUSION Assembly of all components in electric circuit is complete.“Battery, resistor, rehostat, key, ammeter voltmeter. Fe Battery Ammeter . Rheostat § 4 Rheostat es Fig. (@) Circuit in which the components ‘are not connected in proper order. PROCEDURE Draw the circuit diagram as shown in figure (a) rents according to the cireuit diagram. Fig. (b) Circuit in which the components proper order. Connect the componi Inthe given circuits, voltmeter is connected is series. As resistance of voltmeter Itwill increase theresistance of the circuit. 4, Inthis circuit rehostat will not act as potential divider and will also be ineres the circuit Ammeteris connected in parallel, so it will also not show correct readings. OBSERVATIONS : 15 the givencircuit 1. Ammetershould be connected in series. 2, Rehostat should be connected property 3. Voltmetershould be connected in parallel RESULT Components are not connected properly in first circuit but the rectified circuit is dm second case when the result is correct (as a ammeter is connected in series and voltmeterinp PRECAUTIONS 1. Connections should be clean and proper or aK 2. Keyshould be closed only duri 2B: ' b the time of taking reading. Zero error of ammeterand voltmeter should be noted. PHYSICS LAB MANUAL-XILFix white paper on the drawing board and place the glass slab on it and draw its be Draw a normal on one of its face and draw a line PQ at some angle to the incidentray. Fix two pins P, and P, on this ray around Sem from each other. See the image of these pins from face 'CD' and fix two other pins P, and P, so, sameline. Remove the glass slab and straight line 'RS' passing through points of Py emergent ray. i Draw normal at point'R'. Extend line PQ and you will find itis parallel to emergent ray. Measure the lateral displacement’ Emergent ray is parallel to incident ray, tateral displacement depends on thickness of glass slabWack . i The mirror formula is givens where f= focal length of concave mirror. 1u= object distance from mirror. y= image distance from mirror. “The nature, position and size of image formed by a concave mirror depends an position with respect to lens. Now from the mirror formula. When =o (infinite) v=-f v=-2f v=o (infinite) u<(-f, becomes positive, a virtual image is formed. ‘The position of image formed of an object placed at different positions is given below.: Soy ‘The nature, position and size of image formed by a with respect to lens. Now from Eq. When u=o (infinite) v=f us=2f oF =f (infinite) 4 us-f v=negative, ie., virtual image will be formed on the same lens, i.e, towards the object. i ii finity tow: ‘Hence, when the object (burning candle) is moved from int tow moves from focus of the lens to infinity. When object lies between principal focus and 0 the lens, virtual image is formed which cannot be obtained on the screen. Image 1. Find the rough focal length of the lens. i Mount the convex lens on an upright and place it at the centre of the optical bench. | 3, Mount the screen on another upright and place it on the optical bench ata rough focal length of the lens. Mount the burning candle on the other upright and keep it on the other side oft end of the optical bench ] ‘Adjust the height so that the inverted image of the flame is obtained on the screen to obtain sharp image. The screen isat the focus image is real, inverted ai 6. _Asthe candle is not brought near the lens, screen has to be moved away frome image. The size of the image increases. 3 RESULT The change is position, nature and size of the image is in accordance the