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Defining Paper Chromatography Techniques

Chromatography is a technique for separating mixtures into individual components using a stationary phase and a mobile phase. Paper chromatography, developed by A.J.P. Martin and colleagues, relies on partitioning substances between two liquids, allowing for the separation of organic and inorganic compounds. Key factors for successful analysis include the choice of filter paper, developing solvent, and the proper application of samples.

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6 views25 pages

Defining Paper Chromatography Techniques

Chromatography is a technique for separating mixtures into individual components using a stationary phase and a mobile phase. Paper chromatography, developed by A.J.P. Martin and colleagues, relies on partitioning substances between two liquids, allowing for the separation of organic and inorganic compounds. Key factors for successful analysis include the choice of filter paper, developing solvent, and the proper application of samples.

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ghijdd336
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Chromatography

Define
Chromatography may be defined as a method of separating a mixture of components
into individual components between two phase (stationary phase and mobile phase)
Paper chromatography
Introduction
Paper chromatography was introduced by [Link] and his coworkers [Link],Gordon and R.L.M Syngle.
Define
Principle
The principle of separation is mainly partition rather than adsorption.
the techniques is a types of partition chromatography in which the substance
are distributed between two liquids one is the stationary liquid (usually
water) which is held in the fibers of the paper and called the stationary
phase, the other is the moving liquid or developing solvent and called the
moving phase. The components of the mixture to be separated migrate at
different rates and appear as spots different points of the paper.
Originally paper chromatography was used to separate mixture of organic
substance such as dyes amino acids only .But now this method has been
perfected to separate cations and anions of inorganic substance as well.
Experimental details for qualitative analysis
Choice of the filter paper or stationary phase
The filter paper plays an important role in the success of paper
chromatography
[Link] the paper is being used for quantitative or qualitative
analysis
[Link] it is used for analytical or preparative chromatography
[Link] the substance used are hydrophilic or neutral or charged
species
Various types of Whatman chromatography paper are available
Proper Developing solvent or mobile phase
[Link] RF Values of the sample should between 0.05 to 0.85 in the system
[Link] difference between the RF values of any two components must be 0.05 the minimum value
necessary in order to separate any two components
[Link] distribution ratio of the components in the solvent system should be independent concentration
so as to get circular sports
[Link] solvents should not undergo chemical reaction with any of the components of the sample mixture
[Link] solvent should not interfere with detection of the spots on the developed chromatogram
[Link] composition of the solvent should not alter with time.
Hydrophilic mobile phase

Preparation of sample 10-20µ

Application of sample : Capillary tube or graduated micropipette

Spotting (25 cm length 7 cm diameter) distance between two sample 2 cm

TYPES OF PAPER CHROMATOGRAPHY OR DEVELOPMENT TECHNIQUES


Drying the chromatogram

The R F values of the samples should between 0.05 to 0.85 in the system

R F = Distance travelled by the solute from the origin line


Distance travelled by the solvent from the origin line

R x = Distance travelled by the sample


Distance travelled by the standard
According to bate smith and westall developed formula R M
The R F value of chemical related compounds are very close
Densitometer for quantitatively determination

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