OPractice Exercise

A MultipleChoice Questions
Q1. The number of all scalar matrices of order 3, with Q2. The number of allpossible matrices of order 2 x 3
each entry-1,0 or 1is: U (CBSE2024) with each entry 1 or 2 is: U CBSE2021 Term-1)
a. 1 b.3 c. 2 d.39 a. 16 b. 6 c. 64 d. 24
 o 3. If the sum of all the elements of a 3x3
scalar
matrix is 9, then the product of all its elements is: Q13. If A = and B=| , then value of x for
R+U (CBSE 2024) 1 -1 1|
a. 0 b.9 c. 27 d. 729 which A = Bis: U (CBSE 2024)
Q4. If A= [a, ]isan identity matrix, then which of b.2
the a. -2
following is true? R (CBSE 2024) c. 2 or -2 d. 1
0 ifi=j
a. a, b. a, =1 ij 1
|1 ifij 4 1 [2 0
C. a, =0, Vii j0. ifi=j
Q14. If A=
1 -2 2|
B=
3 1 C=2 and
d. a, =1
Q5. If A=a; ]is a square matrix of order 2
ifi=i 1

such that such that (2A-3B) C = D, then x=

1, when i j
0, when i=j then A² is: A
a. 3 b. -4 C. -6 d. 6
U (CBSE SOP 2023-24, 21 Term-l,CBSE 1 1 1||x T6
2023)
Q15. If 0 1 1||y = 3 then the value of
0 0 1|| z 2
Q6. If A= [a, ]be a 3x3 matrix, where a , =i-3j, then
which of the following is false? (2x+y-z) is: Ap (CBSE 2023)
U (CBSE 2024) a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 5
a. a < 0 b. a2 t O21 =-6
C. Og > Q31 d. a31 =0
X

Q7. A matrix A= [a, ]z is defined by: 916. If 2| [1 3 -31| y 0, then x + 3y -3z is: Ap
2i +3j, i<j
5, i=j a. 1 b. 3 C. 4 d. 0
3i -2j, i>j Q
17. IfA and A +7l = kA, then the value of k
The number of elements in Awhich are more than
5, is: U (CBSE 202 1 Term-1) is:
a. 3 b, 4
Ap (CBSE 2024)
C. 5 d. 6 a. 1 b.2 C. 5 d. 7
Q8. If x

a. x =1, y =2
- then:

b. x =2.y =1
U (CBSE 2023) 918. If for asquare matrix A, A -A+l=0,
equals:
a. A
then A -1
Ap (CBSE 2023)
b. A+|
C. X =1, y=-1 d. x =3,y =2 c.I-A d. A -1
X+y 3y 9 4x + y 4 0
Q9. If then Q19. Given that [1 0, the value of x is:
3x X+3 |X + 6 y -2
(x-y) =? U (CBSE 2025) U (CBSE2024)
a. 4 b.-2 C. 2
a. -7 b. -3 C. 3 d. 7 d. 4
3a 5
Q10. IfA=| and kA = then the values
3 -4 |25 24 q20. If [x 2 oj-1=3 ,then value of x is:
of k, a and b respectively are: X

U (CBSE SQP 2021 Term-1) a. -]

Ap (CBSE 2024)
a. -6,-12, -18 b.O C. 1 d. 2
b. -6, -4, -9
C. -6, 4,9 d. -6, 12, 18 Q
21. If a matrix A=[1 2 3],
a -b
(where A' is the transpose of then the matrix AA'
A) is: U (CBSE 2023)
Q11. The product isequal to:
-b ab
a. 14
U (CBSE 2023) b.0 2 0
[a² +b² [(a+b)² o [0 0 3|
b. f1 2 3]
0 a' +b² (a+ b)² o
c. 2 3 1
C.
a' +b² o d. [14)
a'+b? o do 31 2|
1 0 0 Q22. If A= B
912. IfA= and A =31, then:
2 1 1 and A= B,then x equals:
U (CBSE 2023) U (CBSE SOP 2021Term-1)
a. +1
b. --1 a. 1+ a'+ By =9
d. 2 b.1-a'-By =0
c3-a'-By =O d.3+ a+By =0
 Mathematics Class 12 | 45
Q 23. If matrices A and B are of order 3xn and mx5 5
Q32. If A and A=A', where A is the
respectively, then the order of matrix C =5A+3B o
is: Ap (CBSE SQP 2021 Term-1)
a.3x5and m=n
transpose of the matrix A, then: U (CBSE 2023)
b.3 x5
a. x =0, y=5 b. x =y
c.3x3 d. 5 x5
C. X+V=5 d. x =5.y =0
CoS X sin x 0
Q33. If a matrix Ais both symmetric and skew-symmetric,
024. If f(x) = sin x CoS X o and [f(x)]' =f(kx), then Ais necessarily a/an:
0 1| U (NCERTEXEMPLAR; CBSE 2021 Term-1)
then the value of kis: Ap (CBSE 2024) Or
a. 1 b. 2 c.0 d. -2
Which of the following can be both a symmetric
025. Let both AB' and B'A be defined for matrices Aand and skew-symmetric matrix? U (CBSE 2025)
B. If order of Ais nx m,then the order of B is: a. Diagonal matrix b. Zero or null mnatrix
Ap (CBSE2025) c. Identity or unit matrix d. Row matrix
a. n xn b.n xm C. m x m d. m xn 934. IfAand B are two skew-symmetric matrices, then
026. If Ais 3x 4matrix and B is a matrix such that A B (AB + BA) is: Ap (CBSE2024)
and BA' are both defined, then the order of matrix a. askew-symmetric matrix
Bis: Ap (CBSE 2023) b. a symmetric matrix
a.3 x 4 b.3 x3 [Link] matrix
c. 4 x4 d. 4 x3 d. an identity matrix
027. The product of matrix P and Q is equal to a Q35. Findthe matrix A,where A=[a,Jis a 2x 2matrix
diagonal matrix. If the order of matrix Q is 3x 2, whose elements are given bya; =maximum (i,j)
then order of matrix Pis: U (CBSE 2024) -minimum (i,j): Ap (CBSE 2024)
a. 2 x2 b.3 x3 0 0] b. 0 11|
c.2 x3 d.3x2
1 -2 1[-21
0 1 1|
036. Let A= 4 -1,B=-5,C=[9 8 71,
028. For the matrix X=1 0 1,(X-X) is:
|1 1 0
-3 2 1
-7
which of the following is defined? U (cBSE 2025)
U (CBSE2021Term-1)
a. Only AB b. OnlyAC
a. 2/ b.3/
c. Only BA All of these
C.I d. 5/ 1 12 4y
3
937. If A=6x 2x is a symmetric matrix, then
029. If U-[2 -3 4], V= 2, X -[0 2 3] and 8x 4 6
1
2 (2x + y)is: Ap (CBSE2025)
a. -8 b. 0 C. 6 d. 8
Y= 2,then the value of UV + XY is: Ap
4 Q38. Sum of two skew-symmetric matrices of same
order is always a/an: R(CBSE 2025)
a. 20 b.(-20) C. -20 d. [20) a. skew-symmetric matrix
030. IfA = 1 1
then A100 isequal to: Ap b. symmetric matrix
|1 1 C. null matrix
a. 2100 Ab.299A c. 100A d. 299A d. identity matrix
Q31. IfA + B= [1 0 -1 1 -3 8
and A-2B =| then Ais:
|1 1 |0 -1| 039, IfA =3 5, thenA is a: R (CBSE 2025)
U (CBSE 2020) -8 -5 0
a. null matrix
b. symmetricmatrix
C. skew-symmetric matrix
1 d. diagonal matrix
 3.50
Case Study Based Questions Now, AB =
15.000 6.000 8.000
175
9.500 17.000 12.000
2.00
Case Study 1 15.000 x3.50+6.000 x1.75 + 8,000 x2)
A manufacturer produces three stationery products AB
9.500 x 3.50 + 17,000 x 1.75+ 12.000 x
pencil, eraser and sharpener which he sells in two 52.500+ 10,500+ 16.0007 79.000
markets. Annual sale is mentioned below: 33.250 +29,750+24,000 87000
3.257
15.000 6.000 8.000
and AC = 1.50
9,500 17.000 12.000
0.75
15.000x3.25 + 6.000 x1.50 + 8,000 x0.75
9.500 x3.25 + 17,000 x1.50+ 12.000 x0.75
[ 48,750 +9,000+6,000 T63750
30,875+25,500+ 9,000 65375
Products (in numbers)
Market
Pencil Eraser Sharpener TiP: product of each
X 15,00O 6,000 8,000 Total revenue is the sum of the
12,000 commodity with corresponding
unit sale price and total cost
17,000
9,500 product of each commodity with
incurred is the sum of the
and sharpener
If the unit sale price of pencil, eraser unit
corresponding unit cost price.
are 3.50, 2.00 respectively, and
1.75 and 79.000.
conmodities are 3.25, 1.50 Total revenue of
market X is
cost of the above three
correct.
and 0.75 respectively. So, option (c) is of market Y is
above information, solve the following 2. From the
above data, total
revenue
Based on the C+E
questions:
87.000.
of market X is: correct.
Q1. Total revenue 60O,000
So, option (b) is in market X is
b. above data, cost incurred
a. 64,000 81,000 3. From the
c.79,000
d. 763,750.

of market Yis: correct.

02. Total
revenue
87,000 So, option (d) is
a. 35.000
b.
81,000 4.
d.
C.53,000

0 3. Cost
incurred in market X is:
b. 30,100 TiP. subtracted, if they are of the
a. 13,000 d.63,750
Two matrices can be
Same order
47,400 are:
C. Y respectively
markets X and 15,000 data, profit = AB - AC
Q4. Profit in 17,000 and From the above 79,000-63,750

21,625 b. 79,000] 63,750|

a. 15,250 and 71,000 87.000 -65.375
57,000 and
20,000 d. 87,000 65375
C.10,000and
market is: [15,250
Grossprofit
inboth b.?32,000
Q5. 21625 cos
23,000 d. 40,200 79,000and
a.
of market Xis
c. 36,875 Total revenue 63,750.
is ?
incurredin market X (79,000-63.750)
=15,250

DSolutions market X= and cos

as below: Profit in 87,000
in matrix form
of market Yis
be written Cost Price Total revenue
can Sale Price 65,375.
Given data market Yis
1.
Pencil Eraser Sharpener 3.507
[3.257 incurred in
(87,000 -65,375)
= 21,625
marketY=
8,000] 1.75 1.52 Profit in
6,000 correct.
X[15,000
17,000
12,000
J2x3 2.00J33x1 0.75J3»1 So, option (a) is markets
profit in both
Market 9,500
market V
6,000 8,000 5. GroSS market X +
Profit in
15.000 = Profit in 36.875
17.000 12,000|
21,625) 7
Let A= 9,500
=(15,250+

3.251
iscorrect.
T3.50
1.50 So, option (c)
1.75 C=
B=
200 0.75
 Mathematics| Class 12 | 49
Case Study 2 2. Total fundcollected by schools Band C
Three schools 4, B and C organised a fair for =6,125 + 7875 =14,000
collecting funds for helping the rehabilitation of So, option (a)is correct.
Hood victims. They sold handmade fans, mats and
3. Total fund collected by all the schools
nlates fromn recycled material at a cost of 25, R100
and 50 each. Thenumber ofarticles sold are given: =7,000 +6,125 + 7,875 = 21,000
So, option (d) is correct.
4. According to the given condition,
50 40 201[ 251
40 25 30 100
50 35 40| 50
1250+ 4000+1000 6.250
School/Article A =|1000+2,500+1500 5,000
1250 +3500+ 2,000 6,750
Hand-fans 40 25 B5

Mats 50 40 50 Total fund collected by all schools

20
=6,250+ 5,000 +6,750 =18,000
Plates 30 40
So,option (b)is correct.
Based on the above information, solve the following 5. Total number of all articles sold
questions.: C+E =(40+ 25+35) +(50+ 40+ 50) +(20+30+ 40)
01. The fund collected by school Aif they sold =330
45 hand-fans, 40 matsand 25 plates, is:
So, option (c) is correct.
a. 6,375 b. 14,000 c. 21,000 d. 18,000
Q2. The total fund collected by school Band Cis: Case Study 3
a. 14,000 b. 18,000 c. 21,000 d. 6.375 To promote the making of toilets for women, an
q3. The total fund collected by all the schools is: organisation tried to generate awareness through
a. 6.375 b. 14,000 c. 18,000 d. 21,000 (i) house calls, (ii) emails and (iii) announcements.
04. If the number of hand-fans and mats are
interchanged for all the schools, what is the total
fund collected by all schools?
a.7 21,000 b. 18,000 c. 14,000 d.6,375
Q5. The total number of all articles sold is:
a. 230 b. 280 c. 330 d. 350

Solutions The cost for each model per attempt is given below:
1. As we have to find the funds collected by each school. (i) 50 (ii) 20 (iii) 40
We write table as: The number of attempts made in the villages X, Yand
Hand-fan Mats Plates Z are given below:
[AT 40 50 20 25 (1) (i) (ii)
B= 25 40 30 100 X 400 300 100
35 50 40 50 Y 300 250 75
1,000+ 5,000 + 1,000 7.0007 Z 500 400 150
625 + 4,000+ 1,500 6,125
875 + 5.000 + 2,000
Also, the chance of making of toilets corresponding
7875
to one attempt of given model is:
Funds collected by schools A, Band Care 7,000, (i) 2% (ii) 4% (iii) 20%
6,125 and 7,875 respectively.
Based on the above information, solve the following
Fundcollected by school Aif they sold 45 hand-fans, questions: C+E
40mats and 25 plates
Q1. Find the cost incurred by the organisation on
= 45x25+ 40 x100+25 x50 villages X, Yand Z.
=1,125+ 4,000 + 1,250=6,375 92. Find the total number of toilets that can be
So, option (a) is correct. expected after the promotion in villages X, Yand Z.
QSolutions Order of matrix PY =px3
and order of matrix WVY =nxk
1. Let A, B and Cbe the cost incurred by the
Here, restriction for PY+ WY are p=nand k=3
organisation for villages X, Yand Z respectively. Then
A, [Link] be given bythe following matrix 2. Matrix Xis of the order 2xn.
400 300 100150 equation:
A Therefore, matrix 7X is also of the same order.
300 250 75 20 = B Matrix Z is of the order 2 xpi.e.,2 xn Since, n p)
500 400 150|40 C Therefore, matrix 5Z is als0 of the same order.
A 400 x 50 +300 × 20 + 100 x 407 Now. both the matrices 7X and 5Z are of the orde.
B 300 x 50 + 250 x20 + 75 x 40 2 xn.
500 x50+ 400 x 20+ 150 x 40 Thus. matrix 7X 5Z is well-defined and is of order
20,000+ 6,000+ 4,0007 30,0001 2 xn.
= 15,000+ 5,000 + 3,000 23,000
25,000+8,000 +6,000 | 39,000 Case Study 5
The cost incurred by the organisation on village X, IfA =[a; ]is mx n matrix, then the matrix obtaine
Y by interchanging the rows and columns of Ais calle
and are 30,000, 23,000 and 739.000 the transpose ofA.
respectively.
2.. Total number of toilets that can be expected in A square matrix A=[a, ]is said to be symmetric, i
each A' =Afor all possible values of i and j.
village is given by the following matrix:
[400 300 100 2/100 A square matrix A =[a;] is said to be skew.
300 250 75 4/100 symmetric, if A' =-4 for all possible values of i
500 400 150 20/100 and j.
8+12 + 201 40 Based on the above information, solve the following
6+ 10 + 15 31 questions: C+E
10 + 16 + 30 56 Q1. Evaluate (ABC)', by using transpose properties.
The total number of toilets that can be expected after 92. What is the relation between symmetric and
promotion in village X, Y and Z are 40, 31 and 56 skew-symmetric matrices?
respectively. Q3. For any square matrix A with real number entries
show that (A+ A)' is symmetric matrix and
Case Study4 (A-A)' is a skew-symmetric matrix.
Assume X,Y,Z, W and P are matrices of orders Or
2xn,3x k, 2x p, nx3and p x k, respectively. 0 -1
Based on the above information, solve the following If A and B: then evaluate
3
questions: C+E (NCERT EXERCISE)
01. The restriction on n,k and p, so that define the (2A+ B).
order of PY + WY.
Q2. Ifn =p, then find the order of the matrix 7X-5Z.
Solutions
1. (ABC) -{(AB)C} -c(AB) =cBA
QSolutions 2. Any square matrix can be expressed as sum of
1. Given, order of the matrix P =pxk symmetric and skew-symmetric matrices.
order of the matrix Y=3xk 3. (A+ A"Y -(A) + (A')' = A + A (: (AT) =A
and order of the matrix W = nx3 =(A+ A')
PY isdefined when, and (A- A') =(A)' -(A) =A-A= -(A-A')
Number of columns of matrix P=Number of rows of So, (A + A') is symmetric matrix and (A - A') is
matrix Y skew-symmetric matrix.
k=3 ..)
Also, WY is defined when, Given, A:
Number of columns of matrix W-Number of rows of
matrix Y
3-3 (True) (A'Y -
Now. Py+wY is defined when both'PY and Wy have A= 0 27
Same order. and B
|-1 3
 Mathematics | Class 12 b7
Hatchback, 150 Sedan.
O 21 In 2020, dealer A sold 3o0
2A+B=21 3 205UV
SUV
4 2 31 dealer B sold 200 Hatchback, 50 Sedan, 6
Hatchback, 60Sedan,5 SUV.
-2 6 10 and dealer Csold 100
.:. Required matrix, say Q. is given by
2 31 Hatchback Sedan SUV
(2A +8) - 10 A 300 150 20
Q= B 200 50 6
Case Study 6 C 100 60
Three car dealers, say A, Band C, deals in three types
SUV 2. Totalnumber of cars sold in two given years, by each
of cars, namely Hatchback cars, Sedan cars,
showed that dealer, is given by
cars. The sales figure of 2019 and 2020 Hatchback Sedan SUV
dealer A sold 120Hatchback, 50 Sedan, 10 SUVcars
AT 120+300 50 + 150 10 + 20
in 2019 and 300 Hatchback, 150 Sedan, 20 SUV cars P+0= B|100 + 200 30 +50 5+6
in 2020: dealer B sold 100 Hatchback, 30 Sedan, C90 +100 40+ 60 2+5
5 SUV cars in 2019 and 200 Hatchback, 50 Sedan. Hatchback Sedan SUV
6 SUV cars in 2020; dealer C sold 90 Hatchback. A 420 200 30
40 Sedan, 2 SUV cars in 2019 and 100 Hatchback. =B 300 80 11
60 Sedan, 5 SUV cars in 2020. c 190 100 7

Or

The increase in sales from 2019 to 2020 is given by

Hatchback Sedan SUV
A[300-120 150- 50 20-101
Q-P=B| 200-100 50-30 6-5
C| 100 -90 60 40 5-2
Hatchback Sedan SUV

Based on the above information, solve the following

questions.: C+E
= B
A|

C
180
100
10
100
20
20
10

3. The amount of profit in 2020 received by each dealer

39-m
1

91. Find the matrix summarising sales data of 2019

is given by the matrix
and 2020. Hatchback Sedan SUV
02. Find the matrix form of the total number of cars A 300 150 20 50,000
sold in two given years, by each dealer. 200 50 6 1,00,000
Or 100 60 2,00000
Find the matrix form of the increase in sales from
A[1,50,00,000+ 1,50,00,000+40,00,0001
2019 to 2020. =B 1,00,00,000 +50,00,000+ 12,00,000
Q3. If each dealer receive profit of R50,000 on sale of C 50,00,000+ 60,00,000+ 10,00,000
a Hatchback, 1,00,000 on sale of a Sedan and
?2,00,000 on sale of a SUV, then find the matrix A[3,40,00,0007
form of the amount of profit received in the year =B|1,62,00,000
2020 by each dealer. C1.20,00,000

9Solutions ir VeryShort Answer Type Questions

1. In 2019,dealer Asold 120 Hatchback, 50 Sedan and 01, Ifamatrix has 24 elements, what are the possible
10 SUV: orders it can have? What, if it has 13 elements?
dealer Bsold 100 Hatchback. 30 Sedan and 5 SUV R (NCERTEXERCISE)
anddealer Csold 90Hatchback, 40 Sedan and 2 SUV.
02. How many number of matrices are possible of order
:. Required matrix, say P, is given by
Hatchback Sedan SUV
3x3with each entry0 or 1? U (NCERTEXERCISE)
A 120 50 93. Construct a 3x2 matrix whose elements are given
P= B 100 30
90 40 2 bya, --3. U (NCERTEXERCISE)
 Q4. Find the values of x, yandz from the: 5 2
Q3. If X+Y = 6
X+y +z and X-Y - 0 -1
,then find the
X +y 5 U (NCERTEXERCISE) values of XandY.
y+z 7 2 1
Q 4. IfA=|2 1
3, then find (4 -5A).
[2+i 1+i 2i Ap
Q5. IfA - and B ,then find A+ B. 1 -1 0|
3 4i 2i 3
Q5. Find a matrix A such that 2A-3B +5C =0, where
[-2 2 0 2 -2
T4 2 13 [2 31 B 3 1 4
and C =| 1 6
Q6. If A=0 5 7 and B=|3 10 5, then find
6 8 5 7 Ap (CBSE 2019)
-17 3 5 bthenfind the values
Q 6. If A = and B - o
(BA-2B). U 2
07. Find the value of x-y, if of ABand BA. U (NCERTEXERCISE)
[2 0 1 2
1 61
Q7. If A = [1 -1 0], B =-1 3 4|andC-3 are

5 1

U (NCERTEXERCISE; CBSE 2019) three matrices, then find ABC. U (CBSE 2025)
3 Q8. Show that all the diagonal elements of a skew
Q8. If 3A-B and B - then find the
symmetricmatrix are zero. ReAp (cCBSE 2017)
|2 5 [2 4 27
1 -2 3 and B= then find
matrixA. U (CBSE 2019) q9. If A
-A 2 5 3 5 1|
1 2 then find the AB.
Q9. If X+Y
[3 V3 2|
Q 10. IfA =| then prove that A' Y=A.R"U
value of X. 4 2 o

31
3 4 5|
[2 4 1 U
and B
then find BA. [2 4 -1
and B=-1 2 7, then find
Q 10. IfA = 911. If A = -1
|3 2 0 2
|2 1 o
1
-11 then show that AB
q11. IfA =
1
and B- .t (AB).
2 -3
Q 12. Given A compute A with the help of
is a zero matrix. 7
value of the
matrices
2A-=9/-A. Ap
Q 12. Find the
2 1
2
1]2x3 nfi Short AnswerType-llQuestions
-1 1]3×2 2] f6 2
-31 X+y ,then find the values of x,
0 a Q1. If +2
0 -1 is skew-symmetric,
matrix A=|2 U (NCERTEXERCISE)
Q13. If the b 1
y andz.

U (CBSE2018) Q2. Simplify: cos 0]

valuesofa and b. -sin 07 sin 0
findthe cos + sin
cos -cos sin 0
sin cos
Questions U (NCERT EXERCISE)
Short Answer Type-t
-1 =44.
then prove that A
sin x cos2
Q1. IfA=
fcos² x sin2
and B
sin x 93. IfA: 1
sin x Cos2 X
1 2 3
u (NCERTEXERCISE) then show that
then find (A + B). Q4. IfA=3 -2 1
3 4 2 1
2 4 then find (A + B) and Ap (CBSE 2023)
Q2. IfA -
3 2
and B =l-2 5|' A-23A 40/=0.

(A-B).
 Mathematics Class 12 | 53
4 0| Q16. IfAand Bare symmetric matrices, then prove that
1 2 5
05. If A= 3 4 6 and B=2 1,then find AB and AB-BA is askew-symmetric matrix. Ap
1 5
Q17. If A and B are symmetric matrices of the same
BA. Is AB BA? order, then show that AB is symmetric and only
CoS X -sin x if A
and Bcommute i.e., AB = BA.
Q6. If F(x) = sin x COS X 0, then prove that Ap (NCERT EXERCISE)
1
Q
18. Show that the matrix B'AB is symmetric or skew
F(x)Fy)=F(x +y). Ap (NCERTEXERCISE) symmetric, if Ais symmetric or skew-symmetric.
a B
07. IfA =| is such that A =l, then prove that Ap (NCERT EXERCISE)
Q19. Prove that every square matrix can be expressed
1-a'-By=0. U (NCERTEXERCISE) as the sum of a symmetric and a skew-symmetric
1 2 3] -7 -8 9
08. Find matrix X so that X matrices. R+Ap
|4 5 6

[2 -11
Ap (CBSE 2017)
2 [2 57
FLong Answer Type Questions
09. LetA= |3 4 B and C = then
7 4 3 8 Q1. If A -

2
then show that A-44+ 7I =0.
find a matrix D such that CD-AB =0.
Ap (CBSE 2017) Hence find A. Ap (NCERTEXEMPLAR)
Q
10. Find matrix Asuch that: -tan
2 -1 1 8
02. If A= 2
and /is an identity matrix
1 0 A= 1 -2 Ap (CBSE 2017) tan
|-3 4J3x2 9 22|,J3x2 of order 2, then prove that:
Q11. Find the value of x from the following: cosa. -sin a
[1 0 2|| X I+A=(-A)| Ap (NCERT EXERCISE)
sin a COS a.
[x -5-1]o 2 1 4=0. Ap cos sin
|2 0 3| 1 93. If A= then prove that:
-sin cos0
Q12. Using an example, prove that (A+ BY =A+B, coS no sin ne
A'
where Aand Bare matrices of same order. R"U -sinn0 cos no
,neN. Ap (NCERT EXERCISE)
Q
13. If A= -sina and A+A' =1, then find the
sin a. COS a 04. Find the values of x, y,z, if the matrix
|0 2y
value of a. Ap (NCERT EXERCISE) A=x y -zsatisfy the equation AA=1.
[2 17 [-1 21
q14. If A= 7
and B
3 5
then prove that |X -y
Ap (NCERTEXERCISE)
(ABY - B'A. R+Ap 2 -2 -4]
-2] 95. Write the matrix A=-1 3 4 in the form of
Q15. IfA = 4 ,B=[1 3 -6],then verify that: -2 -3|
5
sum of a symmetric matrix and a skew-symmetric
(ABY B'A. R+Ap (NCERT EXEIRCISE) matrix.
Ap
Solutions
Very Short Answer Type Questions 2., The number of elements in a matrix of order 3 x3are
1. The possible 9in which 0 or 1can be placed at each position.
24 elemnents are: orders of matrices containing
So. there are 2 =512 ways to fill the position of the
1×24, 24 x1, 2 x12, 12 ×2.
3x8, 8×3, 4 x6. 6 x4 matrix.
Possible orders of matrices containing 13 elements
are: .. Number of possible matrices = 512
1×13 and 13 x1
 3. In general, a 3x2 matrix is [4 2 137 2
given by A =21 a2 3A-2B3x0 5 7-2x3 10 5
|a31 32 J 6 8 9 5 7 0
10. BA-S Short Answer Type-l
Mathematics Class 12 | 55
Now. a, =li-3jl. i =1,2,3 and j=1,2 12
0
6
15
39
21 6 20 10
6
ETiP 1. A+B [cos x sin x sin x
Questions
sin x cos xcos x cos x
an=-3-1| =1.02-1-3.21-2 18 24 27 10 14 0 Product of two
columns of first matrix matrices is possible when
number of sin' x
12-4 6-0 39 -6] [ 8 6 331 is equal to the number of rowS of |sin x+ cos x sin?x+ cos² x
az 12-3-1|=0z212-3-2|=2 0-6 15-20 21-10| -6 -5 11
second matrix.
sin x+cos?x sin' x +cos² x1i 1
18 -10 24 -14
27-0| 8 10 27 2+9 4+6
Oz1=l3-3-1| =0. ds; -3-3-21=2 7. We have. -4+15 -8+101
|11 107
2 2. A+B=2 4].[ 1 3]
(: sin +cos² =)

[ i 5/27 1:1+(-1):1 1-1+(-)-1

Hence, required matrix A=1/2
0
2 .
3/2
[0 x 2 18
[5 67
11.

A8-i-li1 (-1)-1+11
[i-1 1-1] [O 07
and A-B= [2 411
B 2-2
3. Adding the given matrix
1
X+y+z] [9 equations. we have
4. We have, Clearly. ABis a zero matrix.
X+ V
y+z
|=5

7
[2+y 6 1 [5 6]
Common eRROR!
Hence proved.
(x+)-(x-)
TiP
Mostly students commit error while
multiplying matrices. TiP.
If two matrices are equal, then their
TiP 2 11
Two matrices can be
are of the same order. added/subtracted, if they
elements are equal. corresponding Two matrices A and B are said to be
" order ofA and B is same.
equal, if: 123-1 12
2 0 1
2ha 2X- x-[40 44]
On comparing both sides, we get " corresponding elements of Aand B are equal.
X+y+Z=9
...(1) On comparing both sides, we get TiP Again, X+y5 27
|o 9 O9
X+y=5 2+y =5’y=5-2=3 Product of two matrices is
and
..2) columns of first matrix is equal topossible when number of 5 21 f4 4
y+z=7 ...(3) and 2x+2 =8’2x=8-2=6 the number of
second matrix. rows of lo s0 4
From egs. (1) and (2), we get X=
5+Z=9 2 x1+1x(-1) 2 x0+1x2 2 x1+1x1]
So, X-y=3-3=0 |0 5
z=9-5=4 = 3x1+2 x(-1) 3 x0+2 ×2 3x1+2x1| [2 O 1
From egs. (1) and (3), we get 8. We have,
|(-)x1+1x(-1) -1x0+1×2 -1x1+1x1 aa 4. We have, A=2 1 3
x+7=9
3A -B-P 4 3] [2-1 0+2 2+1] 1 2 B1 |1 1 0
x=9-7=2 |2 5 |3-2 0+ 4 3+2=1 45 [2 0 1] [2 0
Put the values of x and z in eg. (1), we -1-1 0+2 -1+1|-2 2 o Now. A' - A-A=| 2 1 3|2 1 3
2 +y+ 4-9
get
TIP
Addition of two 13. Given that. matrix A =2 0
0 a -37
y=9-6=3 matrices is possible when its order -1|is skew-symmetric f4+0+1 0+0-1 2+0+0
are sanme.
X=2. y =3 and z= 4 b 1 0 = 4+2+3 0+1-3 2+3+0
matrix.
|2-2+0 0-1-0 1-3+0
A =-A
TiP 3A-B-; |0 a -3
5
=9 -2 5
-1 27

Two matrices can be added only when they are of the 3A= [9 31 2 0 0-1 |0 -1 -2
Same order. l - b 1 0 |b 1 0 5 -1 [2 0 1]
1 .. A-5A =9 -2 |-5|2 13
Here, A+B= [2+i i l+i 2n
9.
2 TiPs |0 -1 -2| |1 -1 0
4i2i B TWo matrices A and B are said to be equal, if: f5 -1 2 -10 0 -5
[3+2i i "order ofA andB is same. =9 -2 5+-10 -5 -15
6.
3+2i 3+ 4i TIP
Two
" corresponding elements ofA and B are same |0 -1 -2-5 5
f-5 -1
order. matrices can be added. if they are of the su i.e., a,, = b; i and j
-1 -7 -10
TiP. Adding the given matrix
b] |0
0 1=-2 0 1
-a 3 -5 4

IfA is a matrix and k is a scala, then kA equations. -2 2 0]

matrix which is obtained by multiplying each is another
A
by ascalar k. elements of (x+)-(2x- |-3 -1 0|-b 1 o
On comparing corresponding elements, we get
5. Given that, B 3 14
(2 0 -21
3X3 3] and -3=-b ’ b=3
and
c-71 6
 Mathematics Class 12 | 57
TRICK AB =(1 -1 o),.-1 3 4 0 2 31
0 5 13x3
Here, Amust be taken of the order 2 x 3, because B
and Care of the same order 2 x 3 and the sum of two or more -(2 +1+ 0)(0 -3 +0)(1-4+0),,a
matrices is possible only when they are ofthe same order. =3 -3 -3),3 1+1 1
ABC =(AB)C 2A-=9/ -A
[2] (Given)
Let
A=C
de f| -(3 -3 -3),,3|3
We have, 2A-38+5C = 0
-(6 -9-12) =(-15) Short Answer Type-l| Questions
Ja b
8. Let A=[o,] be a given matrix. 1. We have., f2+2 -2-2] [4 -4]
e f|31 716
Since, it is skew-symmetric matrix. X+y
-2-2 2+2|-4 4 ..)
O 0 01 44 =4|1
=
A'=-A 5+z xy and
..2)
’ O, =-a, for all i, j Corresponding elements of equal matrices are equal. From eqs. (1) and (2), we get
TR!CK ’ a, = -0; for all values of i
when j =i, So. put corresponding elements of two matrices equal. A= 4A Hence proved.
Here, O i.e., zero matrix must be taken of the order 20, 0for all values ofi a, =0for all valups nt X+y=6 ..()
2 x 3, because twO matrices are said to be equal, if 1 2 3]
they xy = 8 4. We have, A =3 -2 1
are of the same order. Hence, all the diagonal elements of a skew-symmetr and 5+Z =5 > Z=0
matrix are zero (as diagonal elerments are: Q, Qy.0 4 2 1|
[20 2b 2] 6 -6 [10 0 -101 Using identity. [1 2 311 2 31
|2d 2e 2f|-9 -3 -1235 5 30 Hence prove (x+ y)' -(x-y)' =4xy Then, A?=3 -2 1||3 -2 1
[0 0 0 9. Given, 1 -2 31 2 4 1 23 (6)² -(x-y)'=4x8 4 2 1|4 2 1
|0 0 0 5 (x-y) =36-32 4 [1+6+12 2-4+6 3+2+31
20+16 2b-6 2c-10 [0 0 0] |2 1 x-y =+2 ...2) 3-6+ 4 6+4+2 9-2+1
2d+ 26 2e +2 2f+ 18|0 0 o TiP Adding eqs. (1) and (2). we get
(x+y)+ (x-y) =6+2 2x-6+2
4+6+4 8-4+2 12 +2 +1
19 4 8
On comparing the corresponding elements, we get Practice similar type of questions based
-16 multiplication of two matrices. or 2x=6+2 or 2x-6-2
A'= 1 12 8
20+16 =0 ’ 0= -8 X= 4 X=2 14 6 15
AB -2 37 Subtracting eq. (2) from eq. (1), we get
2b-6 -0 ’ b==3 45 and A²= AxA2
-4 2 5 (x+y)-(x -y)=62 [1 2 31[19 4 87
2 1
2c-10 =0 ’ c= 10 --5, 2-8+6 3-10+3 ] [0 -4] 2y =6-2 or 2y =6+2 A-3 -2 1 1 12 8
2
-8+8+10 -12 +10+ 5|10 3 2y - 4 or 2y =8 4 2 1|| 14 6 15
2d+26=0 ’ d= -25 10
=13 y=2 or V=4 [19 +2 + 42 4+24+18 8+16 + 45
So, X= 4,y =2, z =0 x=2.y =4,z-0 - 57-2+14 12-24 +6 24-16+ 15
2e+2 =0 ’e==-1 TiP. ..

Common eRROR!
or

76 +2 + 14 16+ 24 +6 32 + 16 + 15|
and 2f +18=0 ’ f= -18 =-9
IfA= [a, is m x n matrix, then the matrix obtained f63 46 697
by interchanging the rows and columns ofA is the transpos Some students commit error while finding the values
2 A=69 -6 23
So, matrix A= a b c [-8 35 of A. of
r...
x and y. 92 46 63
d e f-13 -1 -9 41 Cos 0 -sin 0] sin 9 cos 01 LHS = A -23A 40!
6. AB [0 -113 51 f0+0 0+0 0 0 Given, A4 23 2. Given, cos e sin 0 cos 0
+sin ol-cos0 sine
63 46 69 23 46 69 40 0 0
2|0 o0+0 0+00 0 2 0 6 -6 23 69 -46 23 0 40 0
cos 0 -cos0sin
esin²0 sin Ocos 0| 92 46 63
and BA =| b||0 -1| 0+0 -3+107 and (A') =| +
-sin 0cos 0 sin 0
92 46 23| 0 0 40|
o oo 20-0 0-0 lo o |4 2 sin 0 cos 0
cos 0+ sin
cos
f63-23 - 40 46- 46 69-69
7. Given, A=(1 (A'} = A -cos 0sin + sin cos 0 69 -69 -6+ 46- 40 23 -23
1 0),,a.
3 4 5| Hence prove
[2 0 1 sin @cos-sin cos 0 cos²+ sin 63-23-40
B=1 3 4
2 11. AB= [2 4 -1 -1 2 7 92 -92 46 46
and C-3 0 2
|2 1 0 (: sin 0+ cos'0=1)
|O 5 1J3x3 4 |0 0 0
*J3x1 6-4-2 8+8-1 10+ 28-0| 3 0 0 0
-3+0+4 -4+0+2 -5+0+0
TIP. fo 15 38 0- RHS Hence proved.
Two matrices multiplication
number of columns in first are possible, if -2 -5| TIP. Common eRROR!
rows in second matrix. matrix is equal to the numbertheof 1 The multiplication of two matrices A and B is
Some students make square and cube the elements in A
’ (AB)' =15 defined, if the number of columns of Ais equal to the
number of rows of B. and obtainthe answer.
|38 -5
 P
5. 7. Given, A =
From eg. (2),
Mathematics Class 12 | 59
Put the value of c in eq. (). we get
TiP: a=-7-4(-2)
Give ample practice on problems based on
multiplication oftwo matrices.
TIP =-7+8=1
Q=1
2a+5x77 =3
2a -3-385= -382
If two matrices are equivalent, then its correspondino From egqs. (4) and (5), we get 0=-191
4 01 elements are equal. 2- 4d+2d-2 ’ d=0
[1 2 5] So matrix D: [-191 -1107
From eq. (5).
3 4 6 |2 1
AB 77 44 |
|1 5 C=2-4 x0 ’ C=2
[4+4+5 0+2+25] 13 277
12 +8+6 0+4+3026 34 a'+By aß- af X-d2 0 TR!CK
|ay -ay By + a'| 9. Given, A- [2 -11
4 0
2 5 Here, we will take matrix Aof the order 2 x 2.
and BA = 2 1|
||3 4 6| a'+By 3 4 :: RHS has amatrix of order 3 x 2.
|1 5 and C:
|2 51]
.. LHS Should also be a matrix of order 3x2.
4+0 8+0 20+0] 8 20
Given:
|3 8 For this, A should be of the order 2 x 2.
|2+3 4+ 4 10 ++6=5 8 16
ie, 3 x2 2x2=3x2
Here, AB BA
1+15 2+20 5+3016 22 35|
By + a ' 0 1
TRICK
****** ***.
The order of matrix Dmust be 2 x2, as product of two Let matrix
Common eRROR! On comparing corresponding elements, we get
matrices is possible when number of columns offirst matrix is
Some students commit an errorwhile calculating. a'+By =1 equal to the number of rows of second matrix. After that the 2 -ro b -1 -81
Now. 1 0 1 -2
1-a'-By =0 addition subtraction oftwo matrices is possible only when
Hence proved. +he orderorofboth
TcoS x -sin x 0 9 22
6. Given, F(x) =sin x 8. Given, matrices is same. 2a -c 2b-d 7
coS X 0 ..(1) -81
1 [1 2 31 -7 -8 -91 [a b a+0 b+0 1 -2
fcosy -siny 0] X45 6l,3 2 4 6 J2x3
Let,matrix
D=c d -3a + 4c -3b + 4d 9 22
F(y) =siny We have, CD- AB=0 Comparing on both sides,
cOSy 0 (Replace xbyy) Let fa b
1 [2 -1[5 21_[0 0 2a-C=-1 .()
cos x -sin x 0||cos y -siny 01 and 2b-d= -8
..2)
F(x) F(y)= sin x cOS X 0 siny cos y 0 TRÊCK [2a+5c 2b+5d 10-7
(Here, Ois zero matrix)
4-4] fo 01
Also, a=1and b=-2
Put the value of 'a' in eg. (1), we get
0 1|0
COS X Cosy-sin x siny+0 The product of twO matrices are possible when 3+8c 3b +8d15+ 28 6+16|0 o 2(1)-c=-1
sin x cos y+cos xsiny +0 number of columns of first matrix is equal to the number of (2a+ 5c 2b+5d] [3 c=2+1=3
0+0+0
rows ofsecond matrix. Ba+ 8c 3b +8d| 43 22|0 0 Put the value of 'b' in eq. (2), we get
As, RHS have a matrix of order 2x 3. 2a+ 5c-3 2 (-2)-d=-8
-COS XSin y-sin X cOS y+ 0 0+0+01 2b + 5d
So, LHS must contain the matrix of order 2 x 3. For this X d=-44+8= 4
-sin xsin y + cosX COS V+0 0+0+0 B0 +8c-43 3b +8d-220 o
should be amatrix oforder 2x 2. [1 -2]
0+0+0
COS XCOS y -sin x siny -COS XSiny -sin XCOS y
0+0+1 ie, 2 x2 2x3=2 x3 On comparing both sides, we get
2a +5c-3=0 20+5c-3
So
A=4
11. Given matrix equation,
=Sin x COSV + CoS X Sin y -Sin x siny + coS XCOS y
0
2b+5d-0 ’ 2b=-5d
..1)
0 From eq. (1). we get ..2)
3a +8c- 43 =0 ’ Ba +8c= 43 .3) (x -5 -)|0 2
1| a b[1 2 3] (-7 -8 -91 and 3b+8d-22=0 ’ 3b+ 8d=22
lc d4 5 6|2 4 6 ..(4)
TRÊCKs fa+ 4b 2a+ 5b 3Ba +6b -7 -8 -91
From eqs. (2) and (4). we get
(x-2 -10
" sin (A + B) = sin A· cos B + cos A
sin B
C+ 4d 2c+5d 3c+6d2 4 6 38d -22
COs (A + B) = coS A· cos B- sin On comparing both sides, we get 15d+ 16d = 44
A-sin B
cos (x +y) -sin (x +y) 0
sin (x +y) cos(x +y) o
0+ 4b =-7 ’ a=-7-4b ...2) From eg. (2), we get
d= 44
TiP.
Give ample practice in problem based on
3a + 6b =-9 ’ a+2b=-3 ...3) 2b =-5x 44
1 C+ 4d=2 b=-5x22
multiplication of two matrices.
C=2-4d ...(4)
Replace x by (x +y) in eq. (1), we get and 3c+6d =6 b=-110 X
’ C+2d=2 ...5)
cos (x +y) -sin (x +y) 0] From eqs. (2) and (3), we get From eqs. () and 3), we get (x-2 -10 2x-8) 4
F(x+y)= sin(x +y) cos(x +y) o
-7-4b+ 2b =-3
0 (x (x-2)-40+(2x-8)] =0
F(X) F(y) =F (x+y) Hence proved.
2b = -4 9-15c+ 16c = 86 x²-2x 40+ 2x-8 -0
b=-2 C=77 x?- 48 =0
 x= 48
x?- 16 x3
X=t 43
-1 2]
Converselv, if ABBA, then we shall show Mathematics Class 12 | 61
|2 3 and B -1 31 symmetric. that ABis
12. Let -1
A=0 1 and B- 0 1
3 5 Now. (AB) = B'A'= BA= AB [-8 -12)
(: Aand Bare
symmetric
|2 3 AB= [2 1]-1 2 and AB = BA) and
[2 3 Hence, ABis symmetriC.
Then, A+B=0 18. (i) Let A be a Hence proved.
1 1
=0 2 [-2+3 4+57 1 symmetric matrix, then
1 -12 3 3 2 -3+21 6+35 A'= A A'-4A+ 71= 1 121, f-8
[18 41 (B'AB) =(B' (AB))'
TiP Now. LHS (AB)Y-1 97
|18 41| 9
=(AB) (B')=(B'A')B=B'AB 1-8+7
-4 + 4 +0
12-12 +0]
Students must remember this 4 :
Hence, B'AB is a symmetric (AB)'= BA' and A' = A)
1-8+7
=A'+Bas an identity or a expression (A + B and RHS =B A 3 1 [ 2 3 matrix. Hence
property
Transpose of matrix. of 2 (ii) Let A be a
skew-symmetric matrix, then proved. lo o-o Hence proved.
-2+3 -3+21] [1 18) A'=-A A= 4A -71
(A+ B) =o 2B 0 31 4+5 6+359 41 Now. (B (AB)) =(AB)y (B' )' Now. A= A-A' = A(4A -70) =
3 [2 2 2 Hence. LHS =RHS = 4 (4A-71)-7A
4A-7AI
= (B'A') B- B' (-A) B
[2 31
.....

Hence prove (:: A'=-A) (: Al- A)

Now.
A' 0 1 Common eRROR! Hence, B'AB is a
=-BAB=-(B'AB)
Again,
=16A-28|-7A-9A-28/
Students commit error when skewN-Symmetric matrix. A = A.A2
31 multiplying the matrice -(9A-281)-(4A7)
together. Hence proved.
19. Let Abe a square matrix,
then -364-63A-112A +196/
.......

11
and B':
[-1 1 3 15. AB
-2
4( 3 -6]=| 4
-2
1
12
A-(a+A)-(A-A)=P+Q -36 (4A -71)-175A +196!
=144A -252|-175A +196/
A'+B [2 0 1][1 0 21 |5 |5 15
-24
-30
where. P-A+A) and Q-A-A) =-31A -56/

3 03 TIP Now.
prAA-A+AY(: (kA) =kA)
From eqs. (1) and (2). we
get
2 2 2) .(2) Give ample
multiplication of two
practice
matrices.
in problem based o t: (A+B)= A'+B) --62 -93
-62
-56
(A + B) = A'+ B' [-118 -931
13. Given, A coS a -sin a Hence proved. -6 12 (: (A)'= A) 31 -118|
’A'-| COs a sin a (AB)' = 12
sin a
-Sin a Cos a 5 15
-24 -(A+ A') (From the commutative law Common eRROR!
Given, A+A'=| -30 of addition of
CoS a -Sin a -2 4 5 matrices) Most students find difficulty in
CoS a sin a So, P is a symmetric of AS finding the correct value
Sin a cos -6 12 15 matrix.
a-sin a cos a 12 -24 -30
S...

where I=|0
cos a + cos a
1
-sin a + sin a]
Now, B':
1]

3andA'=(-2 4 5)
Again Q"
-a-a)}-A-AY-a-tan
-(A-A) =-(A-A')--o
2. Given, A: -tan
sin a -sin a
cos a + COS a.
10
So, O is a skew-symmetric
tan
2 cos o
[-2 4 5 matrix.
Hence, the square matrix Acan
Let tan-t.
0 4 5): -6 12 15 be the expressed as We know that,
2cosa o 1 -24 -3o 12 sum of a symmetric matrix
From egs. (1) and (2), we (A+ A') and a
TiP 16. Given, Aand Bare
get (AB) =B'A'
Hence proved
skew-symmetric matrix(A-A') Hence proved.
sin a =
2 tan

1+ tan
2

If two matrices are symmetriC

A'= A and B'=Bmatrices. Long Answer Type Questions
corresponding elements are equal. equivalent, then its 2t
Now. (AB- BA) =(AB) -(BA) 1 sin a
1+ t2
2cos a =1 - B'A'-AB'
(: (X-Y)= X'-Y
Cos a=!
= BA - AB
(: B' = B,A'=A
(: (XY) =YX TiP. and COS =
1- tan?
2
=-(AB-BA) Adequate practice is 1+ tan? a
matriy oncenrove multiplication of two [Link] in problems based on
.. AB-BA is askew-symmetric
cOs a=cos; 17. Since, A and B
are both COS a =
1-t?
therefore A' = Aand B' = B. symmetric matrice [2 3][2 3] 1+ t2
Let AB be
symmetric, then - A² A-A=1 2-1
(AB) = AB 2) A -

BA AB
BA'= AB 6+6] [i 127 and
(: A'= Aand B=