Scribd
Upload
10 views9 pages

Solutions and Concentration Basics

The document provides an overview of solutions and their concentrations, defining a solution as a homogeneous mixture of solute and solvent. It explains various methods to express concentration, including molarity and weight percent, and includes examples for calculating molarity and preparing solutions. Additionally, it discusses the dilution of concentrated solutions and provides a formula for calculating molarity before and after dilution.

Uploaded by

zaqbn406
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
10 views9 pages

Solutions and Concentration Basics

The document provides an overview of solutions and their concentrations, defining a solution as a homogeneous mixture of solute and solvent. It explains various methods to express concentration, including molarity and weight percent, and includes examples for calculating molarity and preparing solutions. Additionally, it discusses the dilution of concentrated solutions and provides a formula for calculating molarity before and after dilution.

Uploaded by

zaqbn406
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Chemistry

FOR
PREPARATORY YEAR STUDENTS

Topic 5: Solutions
Solution and Concentration
• A solution is a homogeneous mixture of 2 or more substances (g,l, or
s)in a single phase and it contains a solute (the substance that is
dissolved in a solvent)and a solvent (a liquid in which a substance is
dissolved)
✓When the solvent is water ,the solution is said to be aqueous(aq).
✓Concentration of solution can be expressed in different ways

I. Molarity (M) = Mole of solute


Volume of solution(L)
II-Weight percent = mass of solute X 100
mass of solution

Another way to express the concentration

Moles of solute =Molarity (mole/L) X Volume (L) ----------------- III

Mass of solute (g) = mole of solute (mole) X Molar mass(g/mole)------IV


Example :How can you prepare a 250 ml
0.01M solution of KMnO4 ?
Answer :
To prepare 0.01M
Step 1 calculate the number of moles of KMnO4 from equation
[Link] moles = Molarity x volume L = 0.01mole/L x 250 L=0.OO25 mol
1000
Mass of KMnO4 =No. of moles X Molar mass (g/mol)
= 0.0025 mol X 158.0 g/mol = 0.395 g of KMnO4
Fig. Preparation a molar solution of KMnO4
Example 2:if a solution contains 0.035 moles solute in 2.0 L OF water, what
is the molarity (assuming the solute occupies a negligible volume)
Answer :
Molarity = No. of moles = 0.035 mol = 0.018 M
volume /L 2.0 L

Example 3: Hydrochloric acid is sold commercially as a 12.0M solution.


How many moles of HCl are in 200 ml of 12.0 M solution?

Answer :
No. of moles : = molarity X Volume L= 12.0 X 200 = 2.4 moles of HCl
1000
Dilution of concentrated Solution
Solution is usually diluted by adding more solvent to it, the amount of
solute present does not change, but the total volume and the
concentration of the solution do change.
It is the same when more fish transfer from a small tank to a larger one.
The number of fish does not change. The number of moles like fish
remains unchanged.
calculate the molarity after dilution
Use the following formula :

M1 X V1 = M2 X V2
Where ;
M1=Molarity before dilution
V1= Volume before dilution
M2= Molarity after dilution
V2= Volume after dilution
Example : How many milliters of 18.0 M H2SO4 are required to prepare 1.00 L of a
0.900M solution of H2SO4?

Answers :
Known
V2= 1.00L ; M2 =0.900 M ,M1= 18 M
V1? Desired

M1V1= M2V2
V1= M2V2 = 0.9 M X 1L = 0.05 L = 0.05X 1000= 50 ml(milliters)
M1 18 M

You might also like