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Class 10 Physics: Light Notes

The document provides revision notes on the properties of light, including reflection and refraction. It covers laws of reflection, types of mirrors, image formation by concave and convex mirrors, and the principles of refraction and lenses. Key formulas and concepts such as magnification and the power of lenses are also included for study.

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11 views3 pages

Class 10 Physics: Light Notes

The document provides revision notes on the properties of light, including reflection and refraction. It covers laws of reflection, types of mirrors, image formation by concave and convex mirrors, and the principles of refraction and lenses. Key formulas and concepts such as magnification and the power of lenses are also included for study.

Uploaded by

shobhitkumar11197
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Class 10 Science - Light: Reflection and Refraction (Revision Notes)

1. **Light and its Properties**:

- Light is a form of energy that enables us to see objects.

- It travels in a straight line.

- It reflects and refracts when it hits surfaces.

2. **Reflection of Light**:

- **Laws of Reflection**:

1. The incident ray, reflected ray and the normal all lie in the same plane.

2. The angle of incidence (i) is equal to the angle of reflection (r).

- **Types of Reflection**:

- Regular (specular) reflection: Smooth surfaces, like mirrors.

- Diffused reflection: Irregular surfaces.

3. **Spherical Mirrors**:

- **Types**: Concave and Convex mirrors.

- **Important Terms**:

- Pole (P), Centre of Curvature (C), Radius of Curvature (R), Principal Axis, Focus (F), Focal Length

(f).

- **Mirror Formula**: 1/f = 1/v + 1/u (sign convention must be followed).

- **Magnification**: m = height of image / height of object = -v/u.

4. **Image Formation by Concave Mirror**:

- Depends on the object's position:

- At infinity: Point-sized, at focus, real and inverted.

- Beyond C: Between F and C, real and inverted.


- At C: At C, real and inverted.

- Between C and F: Beyond C, real and inverted.

- At F: At infinity.

- Between F and P: Behind mirror, virtual, erect and magnified.

5. **Image Formation by Convex Mirror**:

- Always gives virtual, erect, and diminished image behind the mirror.

- Used in vehicles for rear view.

6. **Refraction of Light**:

- Bending of light when it passes from one medium to another.

- **Laws of Refraction**:

1. Incident ray, refracted ray and normal lie in the same plane.

2. Snell's Law: n1 sin i = n2 sin r

- **Refractive Index**: n = speed of light in vacuum / speed in medium.

7. **Refraction through a Rectangular Glass Slab**:

- The emergent ray is parallel to the incident ray but laterally displaced.

8. **Lenses**:

- **Types**: Convex (converging) and Concave (diverging).

- **Lens Formula**: 1/f = 1/v - 1/u (sign convention applies).

- **Magnification**: m = h'/h = v/u

9. **Image Formation by Lenses**:

- Convex Lens: Real and inverted (except when object is between F and optical center).

- Concave Lens: Always virtual, erect and diminished.


10. **Power of Lens**:

- P = 100/f (in cm); Unit: Dioptre (D).

- Positive for convex, negative for concave lenses.

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Use ray diagrams and mirror/lens formula for numerical practice. Revise sign conventions carefully!

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