Scribd
Upload
11 views2 pages

Single Variable Calculus Problem Set 1

This document is a tutorial problem set for a Single Variable Calculus course at the Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati. It includes various mathematical problems related to supremum and infimum of sets, convergence of sequences, and properties of bounded and monotonic sequences. The problems require justification of statements and examination of convergence for specific sequences.

Uploaded by

Noel Dominic
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
11 views2 pages

Single Variable Calculus Problem Set 1

This document is a tutorial problem set for a Single Variable Calculus course at the Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati. It includes various mathematical problems related to supremum and infimum of sets, convergence of sequences, and properties of bounded and monotonic sequences. The problems require justification of statements and examination of convergence for specific sequences.

Uploaded by

Noel Dominic
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS

INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY GUWAHATI


Single Variable Calculus

MA-101(CSE) Tutorial Problem Set - 1 August 01, 2025

1. Find the supremum and the infimum (if they exist) of the sets defined below.
(−1)n 2
(i) S1 = {1/n : n ∈ N}; (ii) S2 = {1 − n : n ∈ N}; (iii) S3 = { 2n +1
3n+2 : n ∈ N}.

2. Let S be a nonempty subset of R and m, M ∈ R.

(i) Show that M = sup S if and only if x ≤ M for all x ∈ S and for any  > 0 there
exists x ∈ S such that M −  < x ≤ M.
(ii) Show that m = inf S if and only if x ≥ m for all x ∈ S and for any  > 0 there
exists x ∈ S such that m ≤ x < m + .

3. State TRUE or FALSE giving proper justification for each of the following statements.

(a) If both (xn ) and (yn ) are unbounded sequences in R, then the sequence (xn yn )
cannot be convergent.
(b) If both (xn ) and (yn ) are increasing sequences in R, then the sequence (xn yn ) must
be increasing.
(c) If (xn ), (yn ) are sequences in R such that (xn ) is convergent and (yn ) is not conver-
gent, then the sequence (xn + yn ) cannot be convergent.
(d) A monotonic sequence (xn ) in R is convergent iff the sequence (x2n ) is convergent.

4. Use the definition of convergence of a sequence to examine whether the sequences (xn )
defined below are convergent or not.

n2 2 1 3n + 2 5
(i) xn = ; (ii) xn = √ + + 3; (iii) xn = ; (iv) xn = .
n2 + n n n n+1 n3/2

5. Examine whether the sequences (xn ) defined below are convergent or not. Also, find the
limits when they exist.
nπ
(i) xn := sin( ); (ii) xn := (−1)n ; (iii) xn := nk xn , where k ∈ N and |x| < 1;
2
n √ √
(iv) xn := , where x > 1; (v) xn := n3/2 ( n + 1 − n).
xn
6. Let (xn ) be a sequence of real numbers.

(i) If xn := x1/n , where x > 0, then show that xn → 1 as n → ∞.


(ii) If xn := n1/n then show that xn → 1 as n → ∞.
(iii) If xn := xn , where |x| < 1, then show that xn → 0 as n → ∞.

7. Let (xn ) be a sequence of real numbers.

(i) Suppose that x1 := 2 and xn+1 := 2 + 1/xn for n ∈ N. Show that (xn ) converges
and find the limit.

1
(ii) Suppose that x1 := 1 and xn+1 := xn /(1 + 2xn ) for n ∈ N. Show that (xn ) converges
and find the limit.
(iii) If xn → L as n → ∞ then show that (x1 + · · · + xn )/n → L as n → ∞.

8. Let (xn ) be a sequence of nonzero real numbers. Prove or disprove the following:
1
(i) If (xn ) is not bounded, then lim = 0.
n→∞ xn
1
(ii) If (xn ) does not have any convergent subsequence, then lim = 0.
n→∞ xn

Common questions

Powered by AI

If a sequence (x_n) has no convergent subsequence, then it implies that as n approaches infinity, 1/x_n converges to 0. This is because without a convergent subsequence, the sequence must be unbounded, thus driving the limit of 1/x_n to 0 .

The supremum of the set S1 = {1/n : n ∈ N} is 1, and the infimum is 0. This is because the sequence ({1/n) decreases monotonically as n increases. Therefore, the largest value approached by the elements of the set is 1 (when n=1) and the smallest limit value (as n approaches infinity) is 0 .

The sequence given by xn := n2/(n2 + n) converges because as n becomes very large, the n term in the denominator becomes negligible compared to n2. Hence, xn approaches n2/n2 which simplifies to 1. Therefore, the limit of the sequence as n approaches infinity is 1 .

The sequence (x_n) = sin(nπ/2) does not converge because its values cyclically oscillate among the values 1, 0, -1, and 0. Since it does not approach a single value, it fails to meet the criteria for convergence .

The statement is TRUE. If (x_n) is convergent and (y_n) is not convergent, then the sequence (x_n + y_n) cannot be convergent. This is because the lack of convergence in (y_n) implies that there is no single real number such that (x_n + y_n) approaches that number as n → ∞ .

The sequence defined by x1 = 2 and xn+1 = 2 + 1/xn is bounded and monotonic, which implies convergence. By setting the limit L of (x_n) and substituting L for both xn and xn+1, we get the equation L = 2 + 1/L. Solving for L yields L^2 = L + 2, simplifying to (L-2)(L+1) = 0. Thus, L = 2 or L = -1. Since the terms are positive, the limit is L = 2 .

The infinite series given by (x_n) = 5/n^(3/2) converges to 0 as n approaches infinity. As n becomes very large, the term 5/n^(3/2) diminishes because the exponent 3/2 ensures a rapid growth rate of the denominator. Thus, the limit is 0 .

If both (x_n) and (y_n) are unbounded sequences in R, the product sequence (x_ny_n) cannot converge because as n approaches infinity, the unbounded nature of the sequences means that (x_ny_n) will also be unbounded or oscillate without approaching a specific limit .

The sequence xn = n^1/n converges to 1 as n approaches infinity. This is shown by considering the function f(x) = x^(1/x) for x > 0, which has a limit of 1 as x approaches infinity. This can be intuitively understood by recognizing that as n increases, the influence of 1/n in the exponent makes the expression approach 1 .

The statement is TRUE. For a monotonic sequence (x_n), if (x_n^2) is convergent, then (x_n) must also be convergent. This follows from the fact that a monotonic sequence that is bounded will converge, and if (x_n^2) converges, then (x_n) must be bounded .

You might also like