SCIENCE 9 QUARTER 1
Module 2- PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF RESPIRATORY AND CIRCULATORY DISEASES
We learned the mechanism on how the respiratory and circulatory systems work together to transport
nutrients, gases, and molecules to and from the different parts of the body. We understood that these two amazing
systems play important roles in our body, so we need to take care of it. There are approximately 600 ingredients in a stick
of cigarette. When burned, cigarettes create more than 7,000 chemicals. At least 69 of these substances are known to cause
cancer and many are toxic. The main component of cigarette is the nicotine, the addictive drug in tobacco products. When a
person smokes, the carbon monoxide combines with the hemoglobin in red blood cells. As a result, it reduces the ability of the
blood to carry oxygen causing danger to our respiratory-circulatory system.
Every organ in the body is harmed by cigarette smoking, causing many diseases and affecting health in
general. There are approximately 600 ingredients in a stick of cigarette. When burned, cigarettes create more than 7,000
chemicals. At least 69 of these substances are known to cause cancer and many are toxic. The main component of
cigarette is the nicotine, the addictive drug in tobacco products. When a person smokes, the carbon monoxide
combines with the hemoglobin in red blood cells. As a result, it reduces the ability of the blood to carry oxygen causing
danger to our respiratory-circulatory system. Respiratory diseases are also called lung disorders or pulmonary diseases.
These are disorders or infections that affect the lungs and cause breathing problems. Types of Respiratory Disease 1.
COPD – Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases It is caused by long-term exposure to substances that irritate and
damage the lungs such as cigarette smoke, dust, chemical fumes and other pollutants.
Respiratory diseases are also called lung disorders or pulmonary diseases.
These are disorders or infections that affect the lungs and cause breathing problems.
Types of Respiratory Disease
1. COPD – Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases
It is caused by long-term exposure to substances that irritate and damage the lungs such as cigarette smoke, dust, chemical
fumes and other pollutants.
Types of COPD
a. Chronic Bronchitis
A person with chronic bronchitis exhibits shortness of breath due to the inflammation of bronchi which swell and generate
excess mucus.
b. Emphysema
It is the damage of air sacs called alveoli in the lungs. Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of COPD. A person with
emphysema could be treated using prescribed medication and supportive therapy that includes supplemental oxygen and smoking
cessation therapy.
2. Asthma
It is a chronic disorder that causes swelling and soreness of the interior airway walls.
3. Lung Cancer
These are tumors in the lungs that reduce a person's ability to breathe.
4. Pneumonia
It is an infection in one or both lungs which causes inflammation of the air sacs. The infection is caused by bacteria, viruses
and fungi. Preventing complications and cure the infection is the treatment for pneumonia.
5. Tuberculosis
It is caused by the bacteria called mycobacterium tuberculosis that usually attacks the lungs, but can also damage other
parts of the body.
Circulatory system diseases are conditions that affect the structures or functions of your heart and blood vessels that
cause complications.
1. Atherosclerosis and Arteriosclerosis
Atherosclerosis refers to the buildup of fat, cholesterol and other substances that narrow arteries and form a clot.
Arteriosclerosis occurs when blood vessels that carry oxygen and nutrients from the heart to the rest of the body thickens and
hardens losing elasticity.
2. Heart attack
Also called Myocardial infarction (MI), it occurs when the blood supply is cut off from the heart, often by a blood clot,
causing tissue death.
3. Heart Failure
It is the inability of the heart to pump blood around the body.
4. High Blood Pressure (Hypertension)
It is a disorder where the blood pressure remains abnormally high.
5. Stroke
The sudden death of brain cells due to lack of oxygen caused when an artery in the brain ruptures or is blocked.
Activity 1
Answer the following questions by studying the image of a person’s body who habitually smokes.
Guide Questions:
1. What can harm the respiratory system?
2. What happens if the respiratory system is not working properly?
3. What are the physiological effects of smoking amongst the respiratory and circulatory systems?
4. Do you know somebody from your home or neighborhood who smokes? What have you noticed with their body or
physical appearance? List down observations.
Activity 2
Interview atleast 2 persons who are suffering from respiratory and circulatory diseases. Ask them the following questions:
1. What sickness do you suffer?
2. Give a short description of your disease.
3. What are the ways or preventions do you practice in preventing or taking care of your disease?
Assessment
I. Fill in the blank with the correct answer.
_________________1. These are tumors in the lungs that reduce a person's ability to breathe.
_________________2. It is the inability of the heart to pump blood around the body.
_________________3. A person with chronic bronchitis exhibits shortness of breath due to the inflammation of bronchi
which swell and generate excess mucus
_________________4. It is an infection in one or both lungs which causes inflammation of the air sacs. The infection is
caused by bacteria, viruses and fungi. Preventing complications and cure the infection is the treatment for pneumonia.
_________________5. It is caused by the bacteria called mycobacterium tuberculosis that usually attacks the lungs, but can
also damage other parts of the body.
II. Give 5 ways on how you could prevent respiratory and circulatory diseases.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.