GC 400 Model exam

Fundamentals of ELECTRONICS

1. What gives the colour of an LED?

a. The active element

b. The plastic it is encased in

c. The type of gas used inside it

2. Why is a diode put in parallel with an LED?

a. To protect it from AC

b. So it will work only above a certain voltage

c. So it will work only below a certain voltage

3. When testing the forward bias of a diode with a multimeter:

a. the positive lead of the ohmmeter is placed on the anode

b. it does not matter which terminal the positive lead of the ohmeter is placed

c. the positive lead of the ohmmeter is placed on the cathode

4. Which of the following describes the characteristics of a Thyristor?

a. High voltage handling

b. High power handling

c. High current handling

5. In a semiconductor junction diode, electrons are the minority carriers:

a. within the P region

b. within the N region

c. in both the N and P regions.

6. A zener diode:

a. allows current to flow in one direction

b. stabilizes voltage at a predetermined level

c. acts like a switch

7. Reverse bias:

a. raises the potential barrier

b. lowers the potential barrier

c. greatly increases the majority carrier current

8. A diode connected across a relay coil is used to:

a. dissipate coil spikes on switch off

b. allow the coil to energize with only one polarity

c. cause a delay in switching on

9. A thyristor has which of the following?

a. A positive temperature coefficient

b. High resistance when switched off

c. High resistance when switched on

10. An atom with 5 electrons in its outer shell is part of:

a. a C type material

b. a P type material

c. an N type material

11. A diode which emits photons when conducting is a:

a. light emitting

c. varactor

c. zener

12. The electrodes of an SCR are:

a. gate, cathode, anode

b. source, drain, gate

c. anode, cathode, source

13. What is the typical volts drop across an LED:

a. 0.2V

b. 0.4V

c. 1.6V

14. The anode of a diode is connected to a +6V DC supply and the cathode is connected to a +2V DC
supply. The diode is:

a. forward biased not conducting

b. reverse biased not conducting

c. forward biased conducting

15. Using electron flow in a diode the current flows from:

a. Anode to Cathode

b. Cathode to Base

c. Cathode to Anode
16. A germanium diode:

a. has a lower forward bias voltage than a silicon diode

b. has a higher forward bias voltage than a silicon diode

c. has the same forward bias voltage as a silicon diode

17. When an SCR is switched on it has:

a. low resistance

b. no change in resistance

c. high resistance

17. A piece of pure Silicon:

a. is electrically stable

b. has a deficit of electrons

c. has an excess of electrons

18. What are the majority carriers for a forward biased PN junction device?

a. Electrons and holes

b. Holes

c. Electrons
19. A Zener diode is used for:

a. voltage stabilisation

b. rectification

c. voltage regulation

20. What component is used to turn AC to DC?

a. oscillator

b. Diode

d. Transistor

21. What is an intrinsic material?

a. one with added elements

b. one with removed elements

c. a pure material

22. A diode is parallel to an LED in an AC circuit to:

a. provide correct amount of current for LED when circuit is switched on

b. prevent back EMF in the circuit when LED is switched off

c. protect LED from AC current when switched on

23. Tunnel diodes have the following characteristics:

a. Heavily doped P-N junction with an extremely narrow depletion region

b. Lightly doped P and N regions and a high reverse breakdown voltage

c. Lightly doped P region, heavily doped N region and has a fast response time

[Link] capacitance of a varactor diode is:

a. inversely proportional to the reverse bias voltage

b. a linear function of applied reverse bias voltage

c. does not have any relationship to the reverse bias voltage

25. The junction barrier offers opposition to only:

a. holes in the p-region

b. free electrons in the n-region

c. majority carriers in both regions

26. If forward bias is increased from zero on a p-n junction, a rapid increase in current flow for a
relatively small increase in voltage occurs:

a. when the flow of minority carriers is sufficient to cause an avalanche breakdown.

b. when the depletion layer becomes larger than the space charge area
c. only after the forward bias exceeds the potential barrier.

27. Which of the following explains how the photodiode works?

a. Photodiodes are forward biased to conduct when light falls upon them

b. Photodiodes are back biased not to conduct when light falls upon them

c. Photodiodes are back biased to conduct when light falls upon them

28. For correct operation of a transistor, the following conditions must apply:

a. The base-emitter junction must be forward biased and the base-collector junction must be greater
than 0.7 volts

b. For an NPN transistor the base-emitter junction must be forward biased and for a PNP transistor the
base emitter junction must be reverse biased

c. The base-collector junction must be reverse biased and the base-emitter junction must be forward
biased

29. When a positive voltage is applied to the base of a normally biased n-p-n common emitter amplifier:

a. the collector voltage goes less positive

b. the emitter current decreases

c. the base current decreases

30. In a flight management system(FMS), data is input manually to the computing system through the:

a. data acquisition unit

b. Electronic centralaised aircraft monitoring control pannel

c. the control and display unit

31. A flight management system (FMS) data bank is updated:

a. every 365 days

b. every 28 days

c. every 28 days

32. Electronic centralised aircraft monitor (ECAM):

a. displays engine performance continously

b. displays engine data in the event of a fualt condition

c. has a lower screen that is blank

33. The Characteristic Curve of a transistor is plotted on axis of:

a. base current against Vce.

b. collector current against Vbe.

c. collector current against Vce.

34. What material would have 3 electrons in the outermost orbit?

a. Majority Carrier material

b. The donor to an N-Type semi-conductor material

c. The acceptor to a P-Type semi-conductor material.

35. What type of gate is an OR gate with both inverted inputs and inverted outputs?

a. NAND gate

b. NOR gate

c. AND gate

38. What gate does the following Boolean expression represent F = A.B.C:

a. AND

b. OR

c. NOT

39. when (37)8 is subtracted from (55)8, the resulting decimal number is:

a. (19)10

b. (16)10

c. (14)10

40. the 2's complement of (101101011)2 is:

a. (110010101)2
b. (010010101)2

c. (010010100)2

41. Which of the following is false about a tri-state logic gate:

a. it has three output states

b. the Hi-Z effectively removes the device's influence from the rest of the circuit

c. doesn't allow multiple circuits to share the same output line

42. One of the following gates is not a Universal gate

a. NAND gate

b. NOR gate

c. EX-OR gate

43. One of the following is not an output device of a computer

a. Keyboard

b. Printer

c. photocopier

44. Which of the following numbers is the largest?

a. (F5)16
b. (11001001)2

c. (323)8

45. How many nibbles does a 512KB memory have?

a. 1024

b. 2048

c. 256

46. the hexadecimal number (2D)16 is _________ in decimal.

a. 43

b. 45

c. 41

47. The binary number 10010101 is ___________in Gray code.

a. 11011111

b. 10110011

c. 11111011

48. An analogue to digital converter is as accurate as the:

a. amplitude
b. the sampling rate

c. the frequency of the analog input

49. Sample and hold is a technique used in:

a. digital to Analog concersion

b. analog to digital conversion

c. moving coil instruments

50. The parity bit in digital information is used:

a. to check the validity of data and information

b. for BITE programs

c. to check the status of the system

51. Adding inverters to the two inputs of an AND gate makes a:

a. OR gate

b. NOR gate

c. NAND gate

52. What sort of gate requires two positive voltages to operate?

a. AND
b. OR

c. NOT

53. When the voltage that represents a logic 1 state is less than the voltage that represents a logic 0
state, the logic being used is:

a. either positive or negative logic

b. positive

c. negative

54. The 'fan-in' in a gate is:

a. the maximum number of inputs the gate can have without being overloaded

b. the maximum number of outputs that can be taken out of the gate

c. the number of both inputs and outputs

55. In a computer memory device, which one of the following the slowest access time?

a. floppy disk

b. magnetic tape

c. 8mm video tape

56. The advantage of DRAM over SRAM is:

a. is cheaper to manufacture

b. has a larger storage capacity per chip area

c. its operation is slower

57. A BYTE is usually:

a. an 8-bit word

b. a 6 bit word

c. a 12 bit word

58. Which one of the following has least components?

a. ALU

b. CPU

c. LSI(Large scale integrated circuit)

59. What is the advantage of series over parallel message sending?

a. utilizes only one conductor, hence cheaper

b. it is a faster means of information transmition

c. it doesn't have any advantage

60. A computer using RAM would utilize:

a. magnetic tape

b. a compact disc

c. an integrated circuit chip

61. What is EPROM?

a. enhanced programable read only memory

b. erasable programable read only memory

c. Erasable programing read only module

62. how many bytes can be carried in a 64 bit word?

a. 8bytes

b. 4 bytes

c. 16 bytes

63. Data is usually stored in:

a. RAM

b. ROM

c. ALU

64. Registers are used in digital computers to:

a. store bits of information in a permanent memory

b. store a limited amount of information on a temporary basis

c. keep account of opperations completed

65. A computer consists of at least the CPU and :

a. memory and input & output port

b. memory, ALU, timing and control section

c. register section, ALU timing and control port

66. DRAM:

a. requires a refreshing charge

b. memory is stored when power supply is removed

c. it does not require a refreshing charge

67. An EPROM :

a. is non-volatile memory

b. requires constant refreshing

c. is erased after reading

68. What is the function of a status register in a microprocessor?

a. to indicate the status of the processor

b. in the ALU, to store the position of the program during an interrupt

c. to synchronize the clock pulse

69. What is the purpose of the ALU?

a. to store data being used by the CPU

b. the part of the CPU unit where arithmetic & logic operations are carried out

c. to convert serial into a parallel data

70. How is multiplication achieved in ALU?

a. by addition

b. by subtraction

c. by coupling

71. Where does the clock signal in a microprocessor come from?

a. ALU

b. memory

c. control unit

72. Where is the operating program for CPU stored?

a. control unit

b. memory unit

c. ALU

73. In a computer, the code that fetches correct data and feeds it to the ALU is called:

a. the instruction set

b. the computer program

c. memory

74. The CPU requires a clock to determine:

a, the number of bits on the highway

b. the speed of operation

c. the date and time

75. On an IC(integrated Circuit), pin 1 is to the left of the notch. which way are the pins numbered?

a. left to right

b. anticlockwise

c. clockwise

76. Data is converted from serial to parallel and parallel to serial by:
a. a synchronous counter

b. a parallel register

c. a shift register

77. A typical characteristic of a CMOS is:

a, high power dissipation

b. high voltage handling

c low power dissipation

78. A parallel register:

a. requires a clock pulse for each bit

b. reads each bit to be stored symultaneously

c. reads the stored data when logic 0 is applied to the read line

79. An LCD display:

a. has three colours only

b. is monochrome

c. has infinite colours

80. ESD(Electrostatic sensitive devices) bags are sealed by:

a. ESD labels

b. zip lozks

c. twine(100% cotton)

81. What precautions are required when removing ESD equipment?

a. wear a wrist strap conected to an approved ground point

b. no special precautions are required

c. keep one hand on the airframe

82. A flight deck CRT LRU is being replaced. What does the ESD label indicate?

a. wrist straps should be worn

b. do not touch plug pins or leave them exposed

c. remove power before connecting

83. With a relative humidity of 10% to 20%, if you walked over a carpet what electrostatic voltage value
would you expect to see?

a. 35, 000 volts

b. 6,000 volts

c. 12,000 volts
84. Before priniting a Circuit Board you should check the:

a. resistance between skin and strap end plug is more than 10 megaohms

b. resistance between skin and strap end plug is more than 1 megaohms

[Link] between strap and strap end plug is more than 1 megaohms

Choose the best answer

1. The most widely used semiconductive material in electronic devices is

(a) carbon (b) copper (c) silicon
2. The zener diode is designed to operate in
(a) zener breakdown (b) forward bias (c) saturation
3. The energy band in which free electrons exist is the
(a) second band (b) conduction band (c) valence band
4. Recombination is when
(a) an electron falls into a hole
(b) a positive and a negative ion bond together
(c) a crystal is formed
5. The current in a semiconductor is produced by
(a) electrons only (b) negative ions (c) both electrons and holes
6. The number of diodes used in a half-wave rectifier is
(a) one (b) two (c) three
7. When a diode is forward-biased, it is
(a) blocking current (b) similar to an open switch
(c) similar to a closed switch
8. The majority carriers in an n-type semiconductor are
(a) electrons (b) holes (c) positive ions
9. The process of adding impurity atoms to a pure semiconductor is called
(a) recombination (b) bonding (c) doping
10. A trivalent impurity is added to silicon to create
 (a) germanium (b) a p-type semiconductor
(c) an n-type semiconductor
11. The purpose of a pentavalent impurity is to
(a) reduce the conductivity of silicon (b) increase the number of holes
(c) increase the number of free electrons
12. The majority carriers in an n-type semiconductor are
(a) holes (b) ions (c) electrons
13. A hole is
(a) a vacancy in the valence band left by an electron
(b) a vacancy in the conduction band
(c) a positive electron
14. When a diode is forward-biased and the bias voltage is increased, the forward current will
(a) increase (b) decrease (c) not change
15. Holes in an n-type semiconductor are
(a) minority carriers that are thermally produced
(b) minority carriers that are produced by doping
(c) majority carriers that are thermally produced
16. A pn junction is formed by
(a) the recombination of electrons and holes
(b) ionization
(c) the boundary of a p-type and an n-type material
17. The depletion region consists of
(a) nothing but minority carriers
(b) positive and negative ions
(c) no majority carriers
18. The cathode of a zener diode in a voltage regulator is normally

(a) more positive than the anode (b) more negative than the anode

(c) at +0.7 V

19. The term bias means

(a) the ratio of majority carriers to minority carriers
 (b) the amount of current across a diode
(c) a dc voltage is applied to control the operation of a device
20. To forward-bias a diode,
(a) an external voltage is applied that is positive at the anode and negative at the cathode
(b) an external voltage is applied that is negative at the anode and positive at the cathode
(c) an external voltage is applied that is positive at the p region and negative at the n
region
21. Although current is blocked in reverse bias
(a) there is some current due to majority carriers
(b) there is a very small current due to minority carriers
(c) there is an avalanche current
22. For a silicon diode, the value of the forward-bias voltage typically
(a) must be greater than 0.3 V
(b) must be greater than 0.7 V
(c) depends on the width of the depletion region
23. When forward-biased, a diode
(a) blocks current (b) conducts current
(c) has a high resistance
24. The V-I curve for a diode shows
(a) the voltage across the diode for a given current
(b) the amount of current for a given bias voltage
(c) the power dissipation
25. Ideally, a diode can be represented by a
(a) voltage source (b) resistance (c) switch
26. The three terminals of a bipolar junction transistor are called
(a) p, n, p (b) n, p, n (c) base, emitter, collector
27. In a pnp transistor, the p regions are
(a) base and emitter (b) base and collector (c) emitter and collector
28. The bias condition for a transistor to be used as a linear amplifier is called
(a) forward-reverse (b) forward-forward (c) reverse-reverse
29. When operated in cutoff and saturation, the transistor acts like a
 (a) linear amplifier (b) switch (c) variable capacitor
30. Once in saturation, a further increase in base current will
(a) cause the collector current to increase (b) not affect the collector current
(c) cause the collector current to decrease