12]|24

As:

2How
beu lposition
ori|adjacent
position
objet
is|thepartides Ln Blue
e The hammer
Itboll otthparhdes etNhen EpLain medium partide the When
f
the gìnal a
is partides
do^ot medium
vibrating the &uestiors
an does
then ibrating
medium
frst aiY you how il
position the f
partde doobjet
mediuM the
exerts it Itfirs
dispaced n hit he first rest in not reachSound
aiaround the starts
it sound then t objet PSOUND
contactobject Contact vibrates
a the Sound This
partide displaced
At aroud
tavel
129
forcefor to is exerts
ter It tow pro
t school process to duced
frave pro reache displacing ges a
fom from the vibrate the al it it eaA
duced comes fom with sets
force
an
the by
ithe eat all bel continues displaced the eanvibraing
the a
the it by your ik the
mean vi the back the
A bx a vibrating
eqyilibrium Away partiles vibra
partieevibrating
jacent brating A aets a Qa
adjacent partide ting
way aschol in to fom trom The
poition the it
fom th e it oject
ot
 Paitidle s a regult ot which the adjacen
2artie the tiYst Davtide comes back o its
Drginal Pogitlon. The process (PNtinues in the
air i the Sound reaches yor
3wh are Sound waves caled Mechanical waves ?
Sound waves ane chnacterised by the motion
t Paides in the medium and are caled
mechai cal waves

Suppse tou and yun friend ae on the

roon Wi you be able to heat an sound
prodnced by your friend ?
no material medium for the sound
to travel' So the sound pYodmced by s
Cannot be heard

whot are longitudinal wave ?

Dn borgitudin al wove., the yndividaal partde
t the mediuM move in a dre cfion parallel
to the directon ot propagatirn of the
disturbane

6 what are bransvrsal waveu ?

M4' A tranerse wave js the one jn which
Hhe ndMul parieles t the medi um move
obout thelr mean poxitions in a direchon
Perpendiwdon to the direction of Wave
prorogation
 detenine :
0) Loubness
b) Pitch
) Ampitude
b) frayny
Guess whdeh sound has a hither pitch ,
iton or
Gitan
BLUE &vESTIONS P2 132
DA: Waylergth -) The distance between two
consewve camp ressione 0 or tw0 coNseCfive
Yaretoctiord í5 casled the Warelength (A)
freueny ’ Numbet ot 0scillatiore per
uit ime

Ampitude ) The manitde ot the maximun

disturbance in the medium pr either side
Vaue i's
et the mean vame i's caled the ampli'tude
t Hhe wave

2) Speed
Speed/Pistance |ime Here the direction
of the ^ound is the wavelength ime is
the time period ot it
 Speed
T
So speed Wavelength (a) fequengy (D)
3 V44o mls
220 H2
?

20

450m

2KH and
A Sound wavey has a teaueney ot take
Wavelength 35cm: How long wiu it to
travelskm?
2AH2 2o00 Hz

2000 Xo 3S = oo ml
 V D

t
215 to avel a
The sound wil take
distance t S KM

BLVE &UESTIONS Pa 133

loudness and jntensity
Distinguish between
f sound
on ampitude wherea
Ans Loudness deperds depends on enegy
jteasity f sound
measure at the respoS e
houdne85 is a he tottdness
to the
the Sound
Of the eat to

Extra &uestion

Compressions (b) rarfactions

OWhat are (a) renion where
a) Compvessions are the
partles ane conded toqethe and
the upper portion ot the
represented oy
eurve They are the Yegios whene deuit
as wel al ure
þres Sune is high
 measure et therponse af
is a
L) budness to the Soundhebasic
oudness or sottness
the ea etermined
et a sound
regiond
egiond at ow Pressure
et
Raretactins ane theSpread apant andcuye
are
are
where partles the owe portion et as weu
Wel as
represented by where desity
rions
They are the
pressure s low

wave
What is crst? cnest of a
called the
A peak is
what is frough point In a ware .
is the loNest
Ary'A rough
sound fom anotie
di'stinguis hes one
6 What same ptteh and Loudness ?
having timbe .of sound is that
s The quality. orwhich enables s to distinguish
choracterstc same
One sound oy Avothen having the
pitch and oudness

SWhat is a) tne L) note

hu: a) A Sound hich is recognised by its
Yejulait ot vibratiens
b) A sound which is produ ced due to aa
mixture t sveroal freauenies is caled a note
 BLUE aVESTlONS P 13s

UPistingish between loudness an d intensig

Ans Tntensity of sound : each
The amount oft gound enuty pAssing
energ
area 's called the
second through unit ar
uit
0ntensit of Sound
MeAsure of he
Loudnes5. is to the Sound
response ot the eat to
GERUS ES

type ef eeigy Dt is
) _Sound is a
vibrating objects
produeed by
in dividual parhdee
Ln Sound waves the
ot the medum movein a direution
et popay ation
paralel to the direction partiiles
turbane. The do not
84 the dis
move fom one Place to another
but they
about
Simply silate back and forth
thelr pesiiont rest This Is exactty how
aa Sound wave propaq ates , hence sound
Waves are Congitudinal wwes

b) V
 344 mls
|72 m

344
2o,00o

Air
AumiuM V234b mls
Vb42 nls
Valum 6420
SVair
t tir Vaum Vair 346

Quality or timbe is the characteriste

ot sound which helps w undestand the
Sound

8
t (min bo4
Tn mi n ot vibrtibns

booo tbme
 344 mls
2 344 |7:2 m
20

AuminuM Air
V642o mls

t Air SVair Valum 6420

Yair 346

Quality or timbey is the characterishe

t sound ywhich helps wnderstand the
Sound

t lin bo
Dn l min, noof vibratios

"boo0 mes
 1

vibratng obj'et moves forward

when a compresses the air in
| t pu&hes and
a region
front et it creatingregon ot
this is called
high Preasure comp resSion
This
Comp ression C )
Starts to move away
uwa from the vibrating
object " When the vibrating object Mov
backwards it reates repion Low
caled raretacton C) A the
pressure
Object moves back and forth Yapidly a
Senies f compressios and raretatio
is reated in the ar.

S hunder is heard a few Seconde after

the fash is seen,because Ught ravels
faster than Sound

4) yes fhe aw ot rettection t sound

States that the dire tios in wheh the
Sound is jnei dent and reeced MaLe
 eauol ang les with Hhe normal to the reteing
Surface at the point ot inddence and the
three çe in the same plane
1) On hotter days the speed af sound is
More So, if Hhe reHe ched Sound returns to
he soure eaier than Oil S, di'stinct echo
(anot be heard
)Megaphones or Coudhailers horns, musical
isiment 9uch as tumpets and shehnais, ai
al desished to Send sound in a partilan
direion without spreadig it in all directhions
Ln these instmens a tube tolowed by a
conical opeing retlects sound successively to
guide most t the Sound waves fom the source
forward dlirection towards the aud'ence.

Sthethescope is a medical istuent sed

tor ustening to Sounds poduced withln the
body mainy in the heart or ungs in sthethucope
the sound et the patient heartbeat reaches
the doctor's ears by muliple rettecton t sound
12)
340 mls
SS00 m

-) t ?
 S =ut t l|2 4t

loo= t 2

V= S/t2
t Soo
340

Total ime tI tt2

= (|:4 s

V 339 mls
13)

226 00 Hz
332
226oo H2 22o00
-'. Not audible
15) ultYasound is qenerally sed to
parrs Located (ean
OCated in hard to veach places
forr
OxAmple Spiral tube, dd chaped parts elechonic
COmponents Iefc Obiets t be cdeane d areeleooe
placed in a Solution and uttasonit
leaning
wtoc waves are sent jnto the Solution Pue
to frequency the par tieles t dust rease and
dust get detached and drop out The obj'e cks
thus gt thoroughly cleaned
t)tras ound can be used to detect cracks
and ews jn metal blocHs Cn consuction
et big stucture ize buila ings, bidqes
machines and also sientifie eaupment
The racs or holes iide the metal blocks
vhich are iwisible fom outtide reduce the
chength t the Stucture ltasone waves
are alowed to pass throug h the metal block
and detectors are used to dett the
transmitted waves Dt these is even a Smal
back
defect, the wlas ound get yetlected defect
the presence af the tlaw or .
ng
indicati
repeated retlection that reulH n this
The everbation
Persistence t sound is caled
To reduie reverbathon the rat and wals ot
Quitorium are generaly coyered wlth
the
Sound absorbent materiau re Compressed
tibreboard , ough plast or di'aperie This soat
 Ane

Hhedistinct between
must
9ne be CoNDITI Materals
hea To
a
(m f
teMperature their
ONS
echoes, the
this
sound
selected
alsoare
distinet
onrna NEEDED
at
t cis the absorbing
aitance
r least echo FOR
mìnimuM SOund
ols ECHo
wil the properf
:
and time bauisthon
e
changeSound
for the
interva
Yeflected
heanr
with must