Scribd
Upload
35 views3 pages

Inorganic Chemistry Terms and Definitions

This document provides a basic term and definition list for Inorganic Chemistry, covering key concepts related to atoms, elements, chemical bonding, reactions, periodic trends, and bioinorganic chemistry. It defines essential terms such as atoms, ions, ionic and covalent bonds, oxidation and reduction processes, and various groups of elements in the periodic table. Additionally, it highlights important bioinorganic compounds and their roles in biological systems.

Uploaded by

ahnmiso777
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
35 views3 pages

Inorganic Chemistry Terms and Definitions

This document provides a basic term and definition list for Inorganic Chemistry, covering key concepts related to atoms, elements, chemical bonding, reactions, periodic trends, and bioinorganic chemistry. It defines essential terms such as atoms, ions, ionic and covalent bonds, oxidation and reduction processes, and various groups of elements in the periodic table. Additionally, it highlights important bioinorganic compounds and their roles in biological systems.

Uploaded by

ahnmiso777
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Basic term and definition list for Inorganic Chemistry

Atoms and Elements

●​ Atom – The smallest unit of an element that retains its chemical properties.​

●​ Element – A pure substance made up of only one type of atom.​

●​ Ion – An atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of electrons.​

●​ Cation – A positively charged ion (e.g., Na⁺, Ca²⁺).​

●​ Anion – A negatively charged ion (e.g., Cl⁻, SO₄²⁻).​

●​ Isotope – Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.​

Chemical Bonding and Structure

●​ Ionic bond – An electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.​

●​ Covalent bond – A bond formed when two atoms share electrons.​

●​ Coordinate (dative) bond – A covalent bond where both electrons come from one atom
(common in metal-ligand complexes).​

●​ Crystal lattice – A repeating, three-dimensional arrangement of ions or atoms in a solid.​

●​ Electronegativity – A measure of an atom’s ability to attract electrons in a bond.​

Reactions and Compounds

●​ Salt – An ionic compound formed from the neutralization of an acid and a base.​

●​ Oxidation – Loss of electrons by a substance.​

●​ Reduction – Gain of electrons by a substance.​


●​ Redox reaction – A reaction involving both oxidation and reduction processes.​

●​ Precipitation reaction – A reaction in which an insoluble solid (precipitate) forms from


two aqueous solutions.​

●​ Acid – A substance that donates hydrogen ions (H⁺) in solution.​

●​ Base – A substance that accepts hydrogen ions or donates hydroxide ions (OH⁻) in
solution.​

Periodic Trends and Properties

●​ Periodic table – A tabular arrangement of elements by increasing atomic number,


revealing periodic trends.​

●​ Group (family) – A vertical column in the periodic table; elements in the same group
have similar properties.​

●​ Period – A horizontal row in the periodic table.​

●​ Transition metals – Elements in the d-block of the periodic table, often forming colored
compounds and variable oxidation states.​

●​ Alkali metals – Group 1 elements, highly reactive with water.​

●​ Alkaline earth metals – Group 2 elements, less reactive than alkali metals but still
reactive.​

●​ Halogens – Group 17 elements, highly reactive nonmetals.​

●​ Noble gases – Group 18 elements, inert due to full electron shells.​

Bioinorganic Focus

●​ Metal complex – A central metal atom/ion bonded to surrounding molecules or ions


called ligands.​
●​ Ligand – An atom, ion, or molecule that donates a pair of electrons to a metal to form a
coordinate bond.​

●​ Chelate – A complex in which a ligand forms multiple bonds with a metal ion (common in
biological systems).​

●​ Metalloenzyme – An enzyme that contains a metal ion as part of its active site.​

●​ Hemocyanin – A copper-based oxygen-transport protein found in some invertebrates.​

●​ Cytochrome – A heme-containing protein involved in electron transport, especially in


respiration.​

You might also like