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12 views45 pagesBangladesh Agriculture Overview 2023
The document provides an overview of the agricultural sector in Bangladesh, detailing its structure, contributions to GDP, and various challenges faced. It highlights the importance of agriculture in the economy and discusses trends in employment and productivity over the years. Additionally, it includes statistics on agricultural output and labor force participation, emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and improvements in agricultural methods.
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0 ratings0% found this document useful (0 votes)
12 views45 pagesBangladesh Agriculture Overview 2023
The document provides an overview of the agricultural sector in Bangladesh, detailing its structure, contributions to GDP, and various challenges faced. It highlights the importance of agriculture in the economy and discusses trends in employment and productivity over the years. Additionally, it includes statistics on agricultural output and labor force participation, emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and improvements in agricultural methods.
Uploaded by
amr256048Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
wØZxq Aa¨vq: evsjv‡`‡ki K…wl
Agriculture of Bangladesh
K…wl (Agriculture)
➢ j¨vwUb kã Ager Ges Cultura †_‡K Bs‡iwR Agriculture k‡ãi DrcwË n‡q‡Q| Ager A_© Rwg ev gvV ev f‚wg Ges Cultura
A_© Avev` ev PP©v Kiv ev Pvl Kiv|
➢ mvaviY A‡_© Rwg Pvl K‡i dmj Drcv`b Kiv‡K K…wl e‡j|
➢ c„w_exi cÖvPxb I e„nËg wkí|
➢ c„w_exi cÖvPxbZg †ckv|
➢ evsjv‡`‡ki A_©‰bwZK cÖe„w×i g~j PvwjKvkw³|
➢ `vwi`ª¨ we‡gvPb, RxebhvÎvi gv‡bvbœqb, Kg©ms¯’vb e„w× BZ¨vw` †¶‡Î K…wli cÖZ¨¶ †hvMm~Î ev mivmwi m¤úK© i‡q‡Q|
➢ evsjv‡`‡ki PZz_© cÂevwl©K cwiKíbvi `wj‡j evsjv‡`‡ki A_©bxwZ‡K K…wlwfwËK ejv n‡q‡Q|
➢ evsjv‡`‡ki A_©‰bwZK KvVv‡gv ev Lv‡Zi Drcv`b wfwËK Lv‡Zi AšÍ©MZ|
➢ 2022-23 A_©eQ‡i †`‡ki GDP ‡Z K…wli Ae`vb kZKiv 11.20 fvM (evsjv‡`k A_©‰bwZK mgxÿv 2023)|
➢ wR .I . eªv‡qb Gi g‡Z, ÒK…wl n‡”Q weÁvb, wkí I e¨emv|Ó
➢ Avi. Gj. †Kv‡nb Gi g‡Z, K…wl n‡jv f‚wg Pvlvev‡`i weÁvb I wkí|
➢ wneŸvW©-Gi g‡Z, K…wl n‡”Q m¤c` e¨envi I m¤c` Avni‡Yi g‡a¨ GKwU m¤úK©|
➢ K…wl n‡”Q Ggb GKwU †R‡bwUK Kg© A_©vr m„wó m¤^Üxq KvR hv f‚wg Kl©Y, exRecb, cwiPh©v, dmj KZ©b †_‡K ïiæ K‡i Drcvw`Z cY¨
msi¶Y I evRviRvZKiY ch©šÍ we¯Í…Z|
➢ cï-cvwL cvjb, grm¨Pvl, †gŠgvwQ cvjb I ebvqb K…wli mv‡_ m¤cwK©Z|
➢ RvwZmsN Lv`¨ I K…wl ms¯’vi me©‡kl Z_¨-DcvË we‡køl‡Y ‡`Lv hvq evsjv‡`k we‡k¦ - Bwj‡k 1g, wgVvcvwbi gv‡Q 3q, mewR‡Z 3q,
Avjy‡Z 6ô, KvuVv‡j 2q, Av‡g 8g, ‡cqvivq 8g| Z_¨m~Î: Lv`¨ K…wl ms¯’v, Iqvì©wdk I grm¨ Awa`ßi|
evsjv‡`‡ki K…wl KvVv‡gv (Agricultural Structure of Bangladesh)
1. cÖvPxb Pvl c×wZ: evsjv‡`‡ki K…wli Ab¨Zg ˆewkó¨ n‡jv cÖvPxb Pvl c×wZ| evsjv‡`‡ki K…lKiv GL‡bv cÖvPxb c×wZ‡Z Kv‡Vi jvOj
I ej‡`i mvnv‡h¨ Pvlvev` K‡i _v‡K|
2. cÖK…wZi Ici wbf©ikxjZv: K…wlKv‡h© cÖK…wZi f‚wgKv g~L¨, gvby‡li f‚wgKv †MŠY| KviY K…wli mvdj¨ A_ev e¨_©Zv cÖK…wZ Øviv cÖfvweZ|
mgqg‡Zv e„wó bv nIqv †hgb dmj Pv‡li Rb¨ ¶wZKi †Zgwb AwZe„wóI dm‡ji Avev`‡K wewNœZ K‡i| ZvB evsjv‡`‡ki K…wl cÖvq
cyivcywiB cÖK…wZi Ici wbf©ikxj|
3. cwZZ Rwg: Dchy³ †m‡Pi Afv‡e A‡bK Rwg Abvevw` _v‡K| d‡j †`‡k A‡bK Rwg AePq nq|
4. K…l‡`i Kg Drcv`b ¶gZv: evsjv‡`‡ki K…wli Ab¨Zg ˆewkó¨ n‡jv K…lK‡`i Drcv`b ¶gZv Kg| KviY evsjv‡`‡ki AwaKvsk K…lK
`wi`ª I Awkw¶Z|
5. K…wli ¯^í Drcv`b ¶gZv: evsjv‡`‡ki K…wli cÖavb ˆewkó¨ n‡jv Rwgi ¯^í Drcv`b ÿgZv| Ab¨vb¨ †`‡ki Zzjbvq evsjv‡`‡ki GKicÖwZ
Rwgi djb AZ¨šÍ Kg| d‡j K…wl c‡Y¨i ißvwb nªvm cv‡”Q I Avg`vwb e„w× cv‡”Q|
6. ¶z`ª ¶z`ª K…wl‡RvZ: evsjv‡`‡ki K…wl Rwg¸‡jv ¶z`ª ¶z`ª L‡Û wef³|d‡j weÁvbm¤§Z Dcv‡q K…wlKvR Kiv Avgv‡`i †`‡k m¤¢e bq|
7. f‚wgnxb K…lK: evsjv‡`‡ki cÖvq A‡a©K K…lK cwievi Kvh©Z f‚wgnxb| Avgv‡`i †`‡k RbmsL¨v e„w×i mv‡_ mv‡_ f‚wgnxb K…l‡Ki msL¨v
w`b w`b e„w× cv‡”Q|
8. gv_vwcQz Rwgi cwigvY nªvm: e¨w³MZ gvwjKvbv I DËivwaKvi AvBb AcwiewZ©Z _vKvq RbmsL¨v e„w×i mv‡_ mv‡_ Avgv‡`i †`‡k
gv_vwcQz Rwgi cwigvY µgvMZ nªvm cv‡”Q|
9. f‚wg e¨e¯’vi aib: evsjv‡`‡k f‚wg¯^Z¡ e¨e¯’vi †¶‡Î ivqvZIqvix cÖ_v cÖPwjZ Av‡Q| (ivqvZIqvix cÖ_v Abymv‡i K…lKiv Rwgi ¯^Z¡ jvf
K‡ib Ges wbw`©ó ivR‡¯^i wewbg‡q Zviv Rwgi †fvM `Lj K‡ib|)
10. Rwgi Abycw¯’Z gvwjKvbv: evsjv‡`‡ki A‡bK Rwgi gvwjK kn‡i wewfbœ †ckvi mv‡_ m¤c„³ n‡q †mLv‡b emevm K‡ib| Zviv wb‡Ri
Rwg Z`viwK K‡i bv|
11. QÙ‡ekx †eKviZ¡: evsjv‡`‡k AK…wl Lv‡Z Kg©ms¯’v‡bi my‡hvM Kg _vKvq K…wl‡¶‡Î RbmsL¨vi Pvc Lye †ewk| G Kvi‡Y K…wl‡Z e¨vcK
cÖ”Qbœ ev QÙ‡ekx †eKviZ¡ we`¨gvb|
12. Drcv`‡bi D‡Ïk¨: evsjv‡`‡ki K…lKiv cvwievwiK Pvwn`v Abyhvqx K…wlcY¨ Drcv`b K‡i| GLv‡b Drcv`‡bi g~j¨ D‡Ïk¨ AvZ¥‡fvM ev
Rxeb aviY|
13. K…wlc‡Y¨i aib: evsjv‡`‡k K…wl‡Z `yB ai‡bi dmj Drcvw`Z nq| h_v: Lv`¨km¨ I A_©Kix dmj|
➢ avb, Mg, Wvj, fzÆv, ˆZjexR, Avjy, kvKmewR, djg~j cÖf…wZ cÖavb Lv`¨km¨;
➢ Ab¨w`‡K, cvU, Pv, B¶z, ZvgvK, †ikg, Zzjv, ivevi BZ¨vw` n‡jv cÖavb A_©Kix dmj|
14. K…wlLvZ I DcLvZ: evsjv‡`‡ki A_©‰bwZK mgx¶v-2017 Abyhvqx mvwe©K LvZ wn‡m‡e K…wl LvZ‡K `ywU DcLv‡Z wef³ Kiv nq|
DcLvZmg~n n‡jv-K…wl I ebR Ges grm¨| Avevi K…wlI ebR LvZ wZbwU Lv‡Zi mgš^‡q MwVZ| †hgb- km¨ I kvKmewR, cÖvwYR m¤c`
I ebR m¤c`| myZvivs mvwe©K K…wli DcLvZ 4wU| GDP †Z K…wl DcLv‡Zi g‡a¨ km¨ I kvKmewR DcLv‡Zi Ae`vb me‡P‡q †ewk|
15. Lvgv‡ii AvqZb: evsjv‡`‡ki †ewki fvM K…wl Lvgv‡ii AvqZb Lye †QvU| G‡`‡k 0.5-2.49 GK‡ii Lvgvi n‡jv †gvU Lvgv‡ii cÖvq
90% fvM|
16. AvaywbK cÖhyw³i cÖ‡qvM: evsjv‡`‡ki K…wl‡Z B‡Zvg‡a¨ cigvYy I ev‡qv‡UK‡bvjwR c×wZ e¨envi K‡i jeYv³Zv mwnòz I ¯^í mg‡qi
k‡m¨i RvZ (m‡e©v”P 110 w`b) I cÖhyw³ D™¢veb I gvV ch©v‡q m¤cÖmviY Kiv n‡q‡Q|
17. K…lK mnvqZv Kg©m~wP MÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q|
18. K…wl wegvi cÖPjb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
19. K…wl FY weZi‡Yi e¨e¯’v MÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q|
20. exR Drcv`b: evsjv‡`k K…wl Dbœqb K‡c©v‡ikb (weGwWwm) mviv‡`‡k 24wU - `vbv km¨ exR Drcv`b Lvgvi
• 2wU-cvU exR Drcv`b Lvgvi|
• 2wU-Avjy exR Drcv`b Lvgvi|
• 3wU- Wvj I ˆZjexR Drcv`b Lvgvi|
• 2wU - mewR exR Drcv`b Lvgvi|
• 75wU- Pzw³e× Pvwl †Rv‡bi gva¨‡g exR Drcv`b Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv K‡i _v‡K|
• GQvov, G ms¯’v 9wU D`¨vb Dbœqb †K›`ª I 14wU G‡MÖv-mvwf©m †m›Uv‡ii gva¨‡g Drcvw`Z wewfbœ dm‡ji Pviv, Kjg, ¸wU BZ¨vw` Drcv`b
I Pvwl ch©v‡q weZiY Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv Ki‡Q|
21. K…wl Kv‡Ri aib: evsjv‡`‡ki K…wl cÖK…wZi Ici wbf©ikxj| K…wl Kv‡Ri GKK n‡jv f‚wgi gvwjK I Zvi cwievi Ges Zv‡`i gvwjKvbvaxb
GK ev GKvwaK LÛ Rwg| gvwjK Zvi cwiev‡ii m`m¨‡`i wb‡q mbvZb e¨e¯’vcbvq ¯^í g~jab LvwU‡q K…wl KvR cwiPvjbv K‡i| Z‡e
†`‡k eM©vPvl c×wZi Aax‡b wb‡Ri Rwg wbw`©ó kZ©mv‡c‡¶ Ab¨‡K Pvl Ki‡Z †`Iqvi †iIqvRI Pvjy Av‡Q|
22. K…lK‡`i Av_©-mvgvwRK Ae¯’v: evsjv‡`‡ki †ewki fvM K…lKB `wi`ª| Dchy³ Lv`¨ ev e¯¿ , wPwKrmv I evm¯’v‡bi Afv‡e Zviv `ye©j I
¯^v¯’¨nxb| KvwiMwi Áv‡bi Afv‡e K…wli AvaywbK Kjv-‡KŠkj m¤c‡K© Zviv AÁ I D`vmxb| †`‡ki mgMÖ mvgvwRK †cÖ¶vc‡U Zv‡`i
Ae¯’vb wb¤œ|
23. K…wl‡Z kªgkw³:
➢ 1995-96 A_©eQ‡i †`‡ki kªgkw³i → 63.2 kZvsk
➢ 2013-14 A_©eQ‡i †`‡ki kªgkw³i → 45.1 kZvsk
➢ 2016-17 A_©eQ‡i †`‡ki kªgkw³i → 40.62 kZvsk
➢ kªgkw³ Rwic 2022 Abyhvqx K…wl‡Z wb‡qvwRZ kªgkw³ 45.4 kZvsk|
(LFS → Laboure force Survey Abymv‡i)
24. GDP-‡Z Ae`vb :
➢ 2011-12 A_©eQ‡i wRwWwc‡Z K…wl Lv‡Zi Ae`vb → 19.41 kZvsk
➢ 2015-16 A_©eQ‡i wRwWwc‡Z K…wl Lv‡Zi Ae`vb → 15.35 kZvsk
➢ 2020-21 A_©eQ‡i wRwWwc‡Z K…wl Lv‡Zi Ae`vb → 13.47kZvsk
➢ 2022-23 A_©eQ‡i †`‡ki GDP ‡Z K…wli Ae`vb kZKiv 11.20 fvM (evsjv‡`k A_©‰bwZK mgxÿv 2023)|
(GDP †Z K…wl Lv‡Zi Ae`vb µgk nªvm cv‡”Q|)
Abykxjb Ask - 01 weMZ eQ‡i Avmv Abyavebg~jK cÖkœ
cÖkœ 1| 'K…wl RvZxq Dbœq‡b mnvqK'- e¨vL¨v Ki| [w`. †ev. '21; g. †ev. '23]
cÖkœ 2| wk‡íi 'KuvPvgv‡ji Rb¨ K…wli ¸iæZ¡ Acwimxg- e¨vL¨v Ki| [w`. †ev. '22]
cÖkœ 3| K…wl cwi‡e‡ki Ici wbf©ikxj-e¨vL¨v Ki| [g. †ev. '22]
cÖkœ 4| K…wl‡Z DbœZ ex‡Ri e¨envi Kg©ms¯’vb‡K Kxfv‡e cÖfvweZ K‡i? [iv. †ev. '21; Kz. †ev. '23; w`. †ev. '21]
cÖkœ 5| mbvZbx K…wl KvVv‡gv ej‡Z Kx †evS? e¨vL¨v Ki| [h.‡ev. 21]
cÖkœ 6| evsjv‡`‡ki K…wl †gŠmzwg evqzi Ici wbf©ikxj- e¨vL¨v Ki| [e. †ev. '21]
cÖkœ 7| GKB Rwg‡Z ch©vqµ‡g wewfbœ dm‡ji Drcv`b wK Kj¨vYKi? [Kz. †ev. '16]
Abykxjb Ask - 02 weMZ eQ‡i Avmv eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ
1. evsjv‡`‡ki cÖvPxb †ckv †KvbwU? [Kz. †ev. '23]
(K) grm¨ wkKvi (L) cïm¤ú` (M) K…wlKvR (N) e¨emvq
2. ‡KvbwUi mv‡_ K…wli mivmwi m¤úK© i‡q‡Q? [wm. †ev. '23]
(K) myZv Drcv`b (L) kªg e¨e¯’vcbv (M) mgevq MVb (N) `vwi`ª¨ we‡gvPb
3. †KvbwU evsjv‡`‡ki K…wli ˆewkó¨? [e. †ev. '23]
(K) Drcv`b c×wZ g‚jab wbweo (L) cÖK…wZi Ici wbf©ikxj
(M) ga¨¯^Z¡‡fvMx Abzcw¯’Z (N) wb®‹ÈK wecYb e¨e¯’v
4. cÖvwšÍK K…l‡Ki Rwgi cwigvY Ñ GKi| [w`. †ev. '23]
(K) 0.05 - 0.49 (L) 0.50- 2.49 (M) 2.50- 7.49 (N) 7.49 - E‡aŸ©
5. ‡`‡ki †gvU kªgkw³i KZ fvM K…wlKv‡R wb‡qvwRZ? [h. †ev. '22]
(K) 45.33 (L) 45.1 (M) 40.6 (N) 54.90
6. ˆewk¦K Dòvq‡bi cÖfve bq †KvbwU? [iv. †ev. '21]
(K) f‚wgK¤ú (L) mvB‡K¬vb (M) mgz`ªc„‡ôi D”PZv e„w× (N) jeYv³Zv e„w×
7. evsjv‡`‡ki K…wli cÖavb ˆewkó¨- [P. †ev. '21]
(K) cÖhzw³i e¨envi (L) AvazwbK Pvl c×wZ (M) miKvwi n¯Í‡¶c (N) cÖvPxb Pvl c×wZ
8. evsjv‡`‡ki A_©bxwZi g‚j PvwjKvkw³ †KvbwU? [P. †ev. '21; wm. †ev. '21]
(K) wkí (L) K…wl (M) ‡mev (N) evwYR¨
9. bvm©vwi ¯’vcb cÖavbZ †Kvb Kvh©µ‡gi Ask? [Kz.‡ev.17;w`.‡ev.21;g.‡ev.21]
(K) evMvb Kiv (L) KzwUi wkí (M) ebvqb (N) K…wl
10. evsjv‡`‡ki K…wli ˆewkó¨ †KvbwU? [iv.‡ev.21;17]
(K) cÖK…wZi Ici wbf©ikxj (L) DbœZ cÖhzw³ (M) AwaK g‚jab (N) m¤cÖmvwiZ evRvi
11. K…wlKvR evsjv‡`‡ki A_©‰bwZK KvVv‡gvi †Kvb Lv‡Zi g‡a¨ c‡o? [iv. †ev. '17]
(K) Drcv`bwfwËK (L) gvwjKvbvwfwËK (M) kû‡i LvZ (N) ‡mev LvZ
12. †KvbwU c„w_exi cÖvPxb †ckv? [Xv. †ev. '16; Kz. †ev. '21]
(K) K…wlKvR (L) cïcvjb (M) grm¨ wkKvi (N) e¨emv
13. evsjv‡`‡k K…wl †¶‡Î AwaKvsk K…lKB K…wlKvR K‡i wK‡mi Rb¨? [Xv. †ev. '16]
(K) AvZ¥‡cvlY (L) evwYwR¨K Drcv`b (M) gzbvdv AR©b (N) DØ„Ë Drcv`b
14. mzg‡bi evev Rwg‡Z Pvl Ki‡Z Miæ, Kv‡Vi jvOj I †Rvqvj e¨envi K‡ib| mzg‡bi evevi Pvl c×wZwU‡K Kx bv‡g AvL¨vwqZ Kiv hv‡e?
[iv. †ev. '17]
(K) g‚jab wbweo c×wZ (L) mbvZb c×wZ (M) kªgwbweo c×wZ (N) AvazwbK c×wZ
15. K…wli AeKvVv‡gv‡Z Av‡jvwPZ welqmg‚n- [wm.‡ev.23]
i. f‚wg eÈb
ii. Rwg RbmsL¨v AbzcvZ
iii. K…wl cwiKíbv
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) i I iii (M) ii I iii (N) i,ii I iii
16. evsjv‡`‡ki K…wli ˆewkó¨- [g.‡ev.22]
i. ¯^í Drcv`b
ii. AwaK g‚jab
iii. ÎæwUc‚Y© evRvi
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) i I iii (M) ii I iii (N) i,ii I iii
17. K…wlKv‡Ri m‡½ m¤úwK©Z- [P.‡ev.21]
i. cï, cvwL cvjb
ii. Kv‡Vi AvmevecÎ ˆZwi
iii. ebvqb
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) i I iii (M) ii I iii (N) i,ii I iii
▪ DÏxcKwU c‡o 18 I 19 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
AvengvbKvj †_‡K f‚-c„‡ô Dw™¢` I cÖvwYRM‡Zi Rb¥ I e„w× A‡bKUv ¯^vfvweK I cÖK…wZMZ| gvbzl GB cÖwµqvq AskMÖnY K‡i wb‡R‡`i
Pvwn`v †gUv‡”Q| [e.‡ev.23]
18. DwjøwLZ Kg©cÖwµqv‡K Kx bv‡g AwfwnZ Kiv hvq?
(K) wkí (L) e¨emvq (M) K…wl (N) Avg`vwb-ißvwb
19. gvbz‡li DwjøwLZ Kg©Kv‡Ûi g‚j wbqvgK wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i-
i. f‚-cÖK…wZ
ii. Rjevqz
iii. hš¿cvwZ
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) i I iii (M) ii I iii (N) i,ii I iii
▪ DÏxcKwU c‡o 20 I 21 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
gzL‡jQ GKRb `wi`ª K…lK| wb‡Ri Rwg bv _vKvq †m A‡b¨i Rwg Pvl K‡i| †m mbvZb c×wZ‡Z Pvl K‡i| †mP I mvi e¨envi Ki‡Z
cv‡i bv| Zvi Drcv`b ¶gZv Kg| [iv. †ev '21; e. †ev. '15]
20. gzL‡jQ †Kvb ai‡bi K…lK?
(K) f‚wgnxb (L) eM©vPvwl (M) cÖvwšÍK (N) `wi`ª
21. gzL‡j‡Qi Drcv`b ¶gZv Kg nevi KviY-
i. Rwgi gvwjKvbv bv _vKv
ii. †gŠmzwg evqyi Ici wbf©iZv
iii. mbvZbx Pvl c×wZ
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) i I iii (M) ii I iii (N) i,ii I iii
mgvavb
1. M 2. N 3. L 4. K 5. K 6. K 7. N 8. L 9. M 10. K 11. K
12. K 13. K 14. L 15. K 16. L 17. L 18. M 19. K 20. K 21. N -
evsjv‡`‡ki K…wli DcLvZmg~n (Subsectors of Agriculture in Bangladesh)
➢ K…wlKv‡Ri aib I Drcbœ c‡Y¨i cÖK…wZi wfbœZv Abyhvqx evsjv‡`‡ki K…wli wZbwU DcLvZ i‡q‡Q| G¸‡jv n‡jv- K. km¨ I kvKmewR
LvZ, L. cÖvwYRm¤c` I M. ebR m¤c`| wKš‘ mvwe©K K…wlLv‡Zi g‡a¨ grm¨ m¤c`‡K GKwU DcLvZ wn‡m‡e MY¨ Kiv nq|
km¨ I kvKmewR LvZ (Crops and Vegetables Sector)
➢ wewfbœ ai‡bi km¨ I kvKmewR wb‡q evsjv‡`‡ki K…wli km¨ I kvKmewR DcLvZ MwVZ| GwU K…wli e„nËg DcLvZ|
➢ eZ©gv‡b cÖvq 9.97 †KvwU GKi Rwg‡Z km¨ Drcv`b Kiv nq|
➢ G Lv‡Z g~jZ wewfbœ ai‡bi km¨ Drcvw`Z nq| G¸‡jvi g‡a¨ avb, cvU, Mg, Wvj, †ZjexR, AvL, Avjy, ZvgvK cÖf…wZ cÖavb|
GQvov GLv‡b wewfbœ ai‡bi kvK Ges c‡Uvj, X¨vuok, Kijv, †e¸b, U‡g‡Uv, Kwc BZ¨vw` mewR Drcvw`Z nq|
➢ Lv`¨km¨ Drcv`‡b e¨eüZ nq 90% f‚wg Ges 10% e¨eüZ nq A_©Kix dmj Drcv`‡b| Avevi Lv`¨k‡m¨i e¨eüZ Rwgi 80%
e¨eüZ nq avb Drcv`‡b|
➢ 2015-16 A_©eQ‡i G‡`‡ki wRwWwci kZKiv 6.96 fvM Ges 2021-22 A_©eQ‡i GB Lv‡Zi Ae`vb wQj 5.46 fvM| 2022-23
A_©eQ‡i G Lv‡Zi Ae`vb n‡jv 5.25 fvM | (evsjv‡`k A_©‰bwZK mgxÿv 2023)
➢ MZ GK `k‡K evsjv‡`‡k mewRi Avevw` Rwgi cwigvY 5 kZvsk nv‡i †e‡o‡Q| G nvi we‡k¦ m‡e©v”P (FAO)| ¯^vaxbZvi ci n‡Z
GLb ch©šÍ †`‡k mewRi Drcv`b †e‡o‡Q cvuP ¸Y| MZ GK hy‡M gv_vwcQz mewRi †fvM †e‡o‡Q 25 kZvsk, GK eQ‡i mewRi
ißvwb Avq †e‡o‡Q 24 kZvsk Ges †`‡k Drcvw`Z exR 90 kZvsk|
cÖvwYR m¤c` (Livestock)
➢ M„‡n I Lvgv‡i cvwjZ bvbv RvZxq cïcvwL wb‡qB evsjv‡`‡ki cÖvwYR m¤c`|
➢ evsjv‡`‡ki cÖvwYR m¤c`‡K cÖavbZ `yB fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq| h_v- 1. M„ncvwjZ cï I 2. eb¨ cï|
➢ M„ncvwjZ cïi g‡a¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ n‡jv Miæ, QvMj, gwnl, †fov, †Nvov, nvum-gyiwM, KeyZi cÖf…wZ| Ab¨w`‡K eb¨ cïi g‡a¨
D‡jøL‡hvM¨ n‡jv evN, wmsn, nwiY, nvwZ, k~Ki cÖf…wZ|
➢ MÖvgxY cwienY, R¡vjvwb mieivn, AvwglRvZxq Lv‡`¨i †hvMvb †`Iqv BZ¨vw` †¶‡Î cïm¤c‡`i Ae`vb ¸iæZ¡c~Y©|
➢ 2015-16 A_©eQ‡i G‡`‡ki wRwWwci kZKiv 2.35 fvM Ges 2021-22 A_©eQ‡i GB Lv‡Zi Ae`vb wQj 1.91 fvM| 2022-23
A_©eQ‡i G Lv‡Zi Ae`vb n‡jv 1.85 fvM | (evsjv‡`k A_©‰bwZK mgxÿv 2023)
ebR m¤ú` (Forestry)
➢ evsjv‡`‡ki K…wli Ab¨Zg ¸iæZ¡c~Y© DcLvZ n‡jv ebR m¤c`| evsjv‡`‡ki †gvU f‚L‡Ûi kZKiv cÖvq 13 fvM Ry‡o eb i‡q‡Q|
➢ e‡b my›`wi, †MIqv, Mivb, kvj, MRvwi, MR©b, Mvgvwi, KoB cÖf…wZ MvQ R‡b¥| G¸‡jv †_‡K †`‡ki Kv‡Vi Pvwn`vi wmsnfvM c~iY
nq|
➢ 2015-16 A_©eQ‡i G‡`‡ki wRwWwci kZKiv 1.87 fvM Ges 2021-22 A_©eQ‡i GB Lv‡Zi Ae`vb wQj 1.72 fvM| 2022-23
A_©eQ‡i G Lv‡Zi Ae`vb n‡jv 1.70 fvM | (evsjv‡`k A_©‰bwZK mgxÿv 2023)
grm¨ m¤c` (Fisheries)
➢ evsjv‡`‡ki K…wli Av‡iKwU D‡jøL‡hvM¨ DcLvZ n‡jv grm¨ m¤c`| evsjv‡`k GKwU b`xgvZ…K †`k| G‡`‡k i‡q‡Q cÖPzi b`b`x,
Lvj-wej, cyKzi I nvIi-evuIo| Gme b`b`x I Lvj-we‡j cÖPzi gvQ cvIqv hvq| ZvQvov eZ©gv‡b wewfbœ Lvj-wej, cyKzi I b`x‡Z
gv‡Qi Pvl Kiv nq| GQvovI e‡½vcmvMi GK wekvj grm¨ m¤c‡`i Avavi|
➢ evsjv‡`‡k iæB, KvZjv, Bwjk, KB, gv¸i, wPswo cÖf…wZ gvQ cvIqv hvq|
➢ 2015-16 A_©eQ‡i G‡`‡ki wRwWwci kZKiv 2.89 fvM Ges 2021-22 A_©eQ‡i GB Lv‡Zi Ae`vb wQj 2.53 fvM| 2022-23
A_©eQ‡i G Lv‡Zi Ae`vb n‡jv 2.41 fvM| (evsjv‡`k A_©‰bwZK mgxÿv 2023)
wRwWwc‡Z K…wli DcLvZmg~‡ni Ae`vb
2015-16 A_©eQ‡ii wfwË g~‡j¨ wRwWwc‡Z K…wli DcLv‡Zi Ae`v‡bi nvi (%)
K…wli DcLvZ 2017-18 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23
km¨ I kvKmewR 6.39 5.70 5.46 5.25
cÖvwY m¤ú` 2.71 1.98 1.91 1.85
ebR m¤ú` 1.81 1.75 1.72 1.70
grm¨ m¤ú` 2.77 2.64 2.53 2.41
Dc‡ii mviwYi wfwˇZ wb‡P MZ K‡qK eQ‡ii wRwWwc‡Z K…wl DcLvZ¸‡jvi Ae`vb †jLwP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ †`Lv‡bv n‡jv|
Abykxjb Ask - 01 weMZ eQ‡i Avmv Abyavebg~jK cÖkœ
cÖkœ 1| 'K…wl Lv‡Zi DbœwZ n‡j K…l‡Ki `wi`ªZv nªvm cv‡e'- e¨vL¨v Ki| [iv. †ev. '23]
cÖkœ 2| K…wli DcLvZ¸‡jv Kx Kx? [wm. †ev. '17]
Abykxjb Ask - 02 weMZ eQ‡i Avmv eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ
1. K…wli †Kvb DcLv‡Zi Ae`vb wRwWwc‡Z m‡e©v”P? [h. †ev. '23; wm. †ev. '23]
(K) km¨ I kvKmewR (L) ebRm¤ú` (M) cÖvYx m¤ú` (N) grm¨ m¤ú`
2. µvšÍxq wPinwir ebf‚wgi †Rjv †KvbwU? [Kz. †ev, '23]
(K) gqgbwmsn (L) mvZ¶xiv (M) bIMuv (N) LvMovQwo
3. evsjv‡`‡ki K…wl KqwU DcLvZ wb‡q MwVZ? [e. †ev. '23]
(K) 1 (L) 2 (M) 3 (N) 4
4. evsjv‡`‡ki A_©bxwZi g‚j LvZ ‡KvbwU? [w`: †ev. '23]
(K) wkí (L) K…wl (M) ‡mev (N) wbg©vY
5. evsjv‡`‡ki K…wli me‡P‡q eo DcLvZ †KvbwU? [iv. †ev. '22, '17; h. †ev. '21]
(K) grm¨ LvZ (L) km¨ LvZ (M) cïm¤ú` LvZ (N) ebR LvZ
6. RvZxq A_©bxwZ‡Z Ae`v‡bi †¶‡Î evsjv‡`‡ki e„nËg K…wl DcLvZ †KvbwU? [P. †ev. '22; wm. †ev. '22; e. †ev. '22]
(K) km¨ I kvKmewR (L) cï m¤ú` (M) ebR m¤ú` (N) grm¨ m¤ú`
7. evsjv‡`‡ki A_©bxwZ‡Z †Kvb Lv‡Zi Ae`vb µgvš^‡q nªvm cv‡”Q? [e.‡ev.21;w`.‡ev.21]
(K) K…wl (L) wkí (M) ‡mev (N) ˆZwi †cvkvf
8. eZ©gv‡b GDP-‡Z K…wli †Kvb DcLv‡Zi Ae`vb †ewk? [Xv. †ev 17,h. †ev. 17; P.‡ev 19; w`.‡ev. 16; wm. †ev '21]
(K) cÖvwYR m¤ú` (L) ebR m¤ú` (M) km¨ I kvKmewR (N) grm¨
9. eZ©gv‡b K…wli DcLvZ bq †KvbwU? [Kz.‡ev.17]
(K) km¨ I kvKmewR (L) cïm¤ú` (M) ebR m¤ú` (N) grm¨ m¤ú`
10. evsjv‡`‡ki A_©bxwZi KvVv‡gvi MÖvgxY LvZ †KvbwU? [Xv.‡ev.16]
(K) we`z¨r, M¨vm I cvwb m¤ú` (L) ¶z`ª I KzwUi wkí (M) gvSvwi I e„nr wkí (N) ‡jvK cÖkvmb I cÖwZi¶v LvZ
11. K…wli DcLvZmg‚n n‡”Q- [w`. †ev. 23]
i. cÖvYx m¤ú`
ii. LwbR m¤ú`
iii. grm¨ m¤ú`
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) i I iii (M) ii I iii (N) i,ii I iii
12. K…wli DcLvZ¸‡jv n‡jv- [h.‡ev.22]
i. cÖvYx m¤ú`
ii. km¨ I kvKmewR
iii. ebR m¤ú`
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) i I iii (M) ii I iii (N) i,ii I iii
13. K…wli DcLvZmg‚n n‡”Q- [iv.‡ev.19;h.‡ev.16;Kz.‡ev.21]
i. cïcvjb
ii. km¨ I kvKmewR
iii. LwbR m¤ú`
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) i I iii (M) ii I iii (N) i,ii I iii
▪ DÏxcKwU co Ges wb‡Pi 14 I 15 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
wg. 'K' I wg. 'L' wbR¯^ evwo‡Z †cvwëª I †WBwi Lvgvi K‡i cwiev‡ii czwó Pvwn`v c‚iY Ges A_© DcvR©‡bi c_ m„wó K‡i‡Qb| [iv.†ev. '22]
14. †cvwëª I †WBwi K…wli †Kvb DcLvZ?
(K) km¨ (L) grm¨ (M) ebR (N) cïm¤ú`
15. G `zwU Lvgvi †_‡K m„wó n‡q‡Q-
i. Avq DcvR©b
ii. Kg©ms¯’vb
iii. hvZvqvZ
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) i I iii (M) ii I iii (N) i,ii I iii
▪ DÏxcKwU c‡o 16 I17 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
gvngz‡`i GKwU d‡ji evMvb i‡q‡Q| wZwb evMv‡bi cv‡kB Rwg‡Z Avjz Pvl K‡ib| wZwb QvMj cvj‡bi GKwU Lvgvi cÖwZôv K‡i‡Qb|
†gŠ Pv‡l Zvi Lze AvMÖn i‡q‡Q| Z‡e Avjz Pvl †_‡KB Zvi Avq †ewk nq| [g. †ev. 21]
16. gvngz` K…wli †Kvb DcLv‡Z †ewk Ae`vb ivL‡Qb?
(K) km¨ (L) ebR (M) cÖvwYR (N) grm¨
17. gvngz‡`i mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z K…wli DcLvZ¸‡jv n‡jv-
i. km¨
ii. ebR
iii. cÖvwYR
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) i I iii (M) ii I iii (N) i,ii I iii
▪ wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 18 I 19 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
mzgb I kvwnb Zv‡`i evwo‡Z †WBwi I †cvwëª Pvl K‡i Zv‡`i czwói Pvwn`v c‚iY Ges DcvR©‡bi c_ m„wó K‡i‡Q| [Xv. †ev. 16]
18. †WBwi I †cvwëª K…wli †h DcLv‡Zi g‡a¨ c‡o‡Q-
(K) km¨ (L) cky (M) ebR (N) grm¨
19. †WBwi I †cvwëª Pv‡l m„wó n‡q‡Q-
i. Avq-DcvR©‡bi c_
ii. Kg©ms¯’vb
iii. hvZvqv‡Zi Dbœqb
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) i I iii (M) ii I iii (N) i,ii I iii
▪ wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 20 I 21 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
mRxe Zvi eÜzi mv‡_ Lzjbvq †eov‡Z †Mj| †m Zvi eÜzi KvQ ‡_‡K Rvb‡Z cvij †h, GB GjvKvi GKwU ¸iæZ¡c‚Y© Pvlvev` n‡jv
'mv`v †mvbv'| [P. †ev. 16]
20. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ 'mv`v †mvbv' K…wli †Kvb DcLv‡Zi AšÍfz³
© ?
(K) km¨ (L) ebR m¤ú` (M) cï m¤ú` (N) grm¨ m¤ú`
21. D³ m¤ú‡`i A_©‰bwZK ¸iæZ¡ n‡jv-
i. ˆe‡`wkK gz`ªvi Afve c‚iY
ii. Avg`vwb nªvm
iii. ißvwb e„w×
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) i I iii (M) ii I iii (N) i,ii I iii
mgvavb
1. K 2. N 3. N 4. L 5. L 6. K 7. K 8. M 9. N 10. L 11. L
12. N 13. K 14. N 15. K 16. K 17. N 18. L 19. K 20. N 21. N -
evsjv‡`‡ki K…wlLv‡Zi cwieZ©‡bi aviv (Trend of Changes of Agriculture in Bangladesh)
km¨ Drcv`‡b cwieZ©‡bi aviv
➢ evsjv‡`‡k cÖavbZ wZb ai‡bi avb Pvl Kiv n‡Zv| h_v: AvDk, Avgb I ‡ev‡iv
➢ eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡ki cÖvq 37wU D”P djbkxj av‡bi Pvl n‡”Q|
➢ 1960 mv‡j wdwjcvBbm Gi g¨vwbjvq D”P djbkxj Bwi av‡bi exR Avwe®‹…Z nq|
➢ D”P djbkxj Rv‡Zi av‡bi weNvcÖwZ djb nq 20-22 gb|
➢ wewfbœ cÖRvwZi avb msMÖn Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ cÖwZôvb BRRI|
➢ weAvi-28 I weAvi-29 Rv‡Zi av‡b RbwcÖqZv jvf K‡i‡Q|
➢ fviZxq av‡bi RvZ ¯^b©v I kZvãx (wgwb‡KU)|
➢ Pxb †_‡K Avg`vwbK…Z nvBweªW Rv‡Zi avb nxiv, RvMib, Av‡jvob|
wPswo Pv‡l cwieZ©‡bi aviv
➢ wPswo AcÖPwjZ cY¨ wn‡m‡e we‡`‡k ißvwb Kiv nq| AvšÍRvwZ©K evRv‡i wPswo wngvwqZ Lv`¨ mvgMÖx wn‡m‡e ißvwb Kiv nq|
➢ wek¦ grm¨ Drcv`‡b (Af¨šÍixi gy³v Rjvkq) evsjv‡`‡ki Ae¯’v PZz_©|
➢ wPswo LvZ evsjv‡`‡ki wØZxq ißvwb LvZ|
➢ wPswo‡K mv`v †mvbv ev White Gold ejv nq|
➢ mv`y cvwb‡Z Mj`v wPswo Pvl Kiv n‡q _v‡K| GwUi IRb 250-400 MÖvg ch©šÍ|
➢ †jvbv cvwb‡Z Pvl nq evM`v wPswo| GwU Black Tiger bv‡g cwiwPZ| ZvQvov †jvbv cvwb‡Z P¨vMv ev Pvc`v wPswoi PvlI nq|
➢ †`‡k eZ©gv‡b 138wU miKvwi grm¨ exR Drcv`‡bi cvkvcvwk 872wU †emiKvwi n¨vPvwi cwiPvwjZ n‡”Q|
➢ eZ©gv‡b wPswo cÖwµqvKiY I ißvwbKviK cÖwZôv‡bi msL¨v 78 wU|
gvkiæg Pv‡l cwieZ©‡bi aviv
➢ gvkiæg n‡”Q GK ai‡bi QÎvK RvZxq ciRxex|
➢ gvkiæg‡K mewR gvsm ev Vegetable Meat ejv nq|
➢ Dw™¢` we`¨vq Mycology †_‡K QÎvK weÁvb kãwU G‡m‡Q| Avi wMÖK kã mykes ev gvkiæg Ges logos G‡m‡Q Av‡jvPbv †_‡K|
➢ gvÎ 7-10w`‡bi g‡a¨ gvkiæg Drcv`b Kiv hvq|
➢ gvkiæg Pv‡l †Kvb Rwg cÖ‡qvRb nq bv|
➢ gvkiæg Gi exR‡K ejv nq ¯cb|
➢ eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡k Qq cÖRvwZi gvkiæg evwYwR¨K wfwˇZ Pvl Kiv n‡”Q| Pvl Kiv n‡”Q bv B‡bvwK gvkiæg, wkg©vwR gvkiæg|
✓ mviveQi Pvl nq I‡q÷vi (wSbyK) gvkiæg|
✓ MigKvj Pvl nq wgwé (`ya) gvkiæg, Lo gvkiæg, Fwl gvkiæg|
✓ kxZKvj Pvl wkZv‡K gvkiæg, evUb (‡evZvg) gvkiæg|
➢ Wvq‡ewUm, eøvW †Kv‡j‡÷ij, †g`-fzuwo, D”Pi³Pvc, fvBivmRwbZ †ivM, wKWwb †ivM, RwÛm, †W½y R¡i, †hŠb †ivM, GBWm, †eª÷ I
Avjmvi K¨vbmvimn wewfbœ †ivM cÖwZ‡iva, wbivgq I wbqš¿‡Y e¨vcK Kvh©Ki|
➢ gvkiæg i‡q‡Q †cÖvwUb, LwbR c`v_© I wfUvwgb wm|
➢ gvkiæ‡g Avu‡ki cwigvb †ewk|
eb I bvm©vwi ¯’vc‡b cwieZ©‡bi aviv
➢ evsjv‡`‡ki mvgvwRK ebvqb Kvh©µ‡gi cÖv_wgK m~Pbv nq 1967 mv‡j|
➢ cÖvK…wZK cwi‡e‡ki fvimvg¨ i¶vi Rb¨ ebf‚wgi AvqZb 2.32 wgwjqb †n±i Gi g‡a¨ 1.60 wgwjqb †n±i eb Awa`߇ii AvIZvaxb|
➢ DrcwË Drm Abymv‡i ebf‚wg‡K cÖavbZ 2 fv‡M fv‡M Kiv hvq| h_v: 1. cÖvK…wZK eb I 2. K…wÎg eb|
➢ ebf‚wg I g„wËKvi cÖK…wZ Ges Ae¯’vb ebf‚wg‡K 5 fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq| h_v: 1. cvnvwi eb, 2. mgZj f‚wgi eb, 3. g¨vb‡MÖvf eb,
4. mvgvwRK eb I 5. K…wl eb|
➢ my›`ieb hvi AvqZb 6017 eM©[Link].|
➢ †h RvqMvq PvivMvQ Drcbœ K‡i Ab¨ †Kv_vI †ivc‡bi c~e© ch©šÍ Zv cwiPh©v I i¶Yv‡e¶Y Kiv nq Zv‡K bvm©vwi e‡j|
➢ Pviv Drcv`‡bi wfwˇZ bvm©vwi‡Z cwje¨v‡M Pviv Drcv`b Kiv nq Zv‡K cwje¨vM bvm©vwi e‡j|
➢ †eW bvm©vwi Ki‡Z cÖ_‡g Rwg‡K †QvU †QvU †eW ˆZwi Ki‡Z nq|
➢ miKvwi fv‡e, weGwWwm 9wU D`¨vb Dbœqb †K‡›`ª I 14wU G‡MÖv mvwf©m †m›Uv‡ii gva¨‡g Drcvw`Z wewfbœ dm‡ji Pviv, Kjg I ¸wU
Drcv`b Ges Pvwl ch©v‡q weZib K‡i‡Q|
Mevw` cï I nvum-gyiwM cÖwZcvj‡b cwieZ©‡bi aviv
➢ LvwK, †K‡¤^j I wRbwWs nvu‡mi cÖRvwZ|
➢ eªqjvi I †jqvi gyiwMi cÖRvwZ|
➢ miKvwi D‡`¨v‡M Mevw` cï I nvum-gyiwMi wUKv Drcv`b I m¤cÖmviY, ¯^í g~‡j¨ nvum gyiwMi ev”Pv mieivn, RvZ Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ Drcvw`Z
ÒZij I wngvwqZ wm‡gbÓ Øviv K…wÎg cÖRbb Kvh©µg| Gwkqvb Bbd¬y‡qÄv cÖwZ‡ivag~jK Kvh©µg MÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q|
Abykxjb Ask - 01 weMZ eQ‡i Avmv Abyavebg~jK cÖkœ
cÖkœ 1| 'gvkiæg GKwU Jlwa ¸Ym¤úbœ Lvevi'- e¨vL¨v Ki| [wm. †ev. '21; e. †ev, '23]
cÖkœ 2| Avwg‡li Afve c‚i‡Y nuvm-gziwM cvjb Kxfv‡e f‚wgKv iv‡L? [w`. †ev. '23]
cÖkœ 3| evsjv‡`‡ki K…wl wK cÖK…wZi Ici wbf©ikxj? e¨vL¨v Ki| [Kz. †ev. '23, '22; w`. †ev. '21]
cÖkœ 4| gvkiæg gvbe‡`‡ni Rb¨ DcKvix Lv`¨-e¨vL¨v Ki| [P. †ev. '22]
cÖkœ 5| †gŠgvwQ cvjb K…wlKvR †Kb? [Kz. †ev, '21]
cÖkœ 6| wPswo‡K 'mv`v †mvbv' ejv nq †Kb? [h. †ev. '21; P. †ev. '21; wm. †ev. '21]
cÖkœ 7| grm¨ Pv‡li `zwU DcKvwiZv †jL| [e. †ev. 21]
Abykxjb Ask - 02 weMZ eQ‡i Avmv eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ
1. weÁvbx W. gKmz`zj Avjg Rxeb inm¨ D‡b¥vPb K‡ib- [h. †ev. '23]
(K) Pv Mv‡Qi (L) cvU Mv‡Qi (M) ivevi Mv‡Qi (N) Kjv Mv‡Qi
2. evsjv‡`‡k Drcbœ Lv`¨km¨ n‡jv- [e. †ev. '23]
(K) cvU (L) Zzjv (M) avb (N) Pv
3. EPZ Kx? [e. †ev, '23]
(K) Export Production Zone (L) Export Promotion Zone
(M) Export Processing Zone (N) Expand Production
4. BRRI-Gi c‚Y©i‚c Kx? [w`. †ev. 23]
(K) Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (L) Bangladesh Rice Recovery Institute
(M) Bangladesh Rural Research Institute (N) Bangladesh Rural Recovery Institute
5. gvkiæg M‡elYv †K›`ª i‡q‡Q- [h. †ev. '22]
(K) XvKv (L) MvRxczi (M) mvfvi (N) Uv½vBj
6. wb‡Pi †KvbwU‡K 'mewR gvsm' ejv n‡q _v‡K? [Kz. †ev. '22]
(K) jvj kvK (L) cvjs kvK (M) gvkiæg (N) dzjKwc
7. †KvbwU‡K 'White gold' ejv nq? [wm †ev. 22]
(K) ‰Zwi †cvkvK (L) PvgovRvZ `ªe¨ (M) cvURvZ `ªe¨ (N) wngvwqZ wPswo
8. wb‡Pi †KvbwU evsjv‡`‡ki cÖavb A_©Kix dmj? [wm. †ev. '22]
(K) kvKmewR (L) Pv (M) Bÿz (N) cvU
9. †KvbwU Pv‡l Rwg cÖ‡qvRb nq bv? [Xv. †ev. '21, 17, h. †ev. '23, P. †ev. '21, g.†ev. '23]
(K) Zzjv (L) gvkiæg (M) Mg (N) Pv
10. we‡k¦ Bwjk Drcv`‡b evsjv‡`‡ki Ae`vb KZ? [Xv. †ev, '21]
(K) 96 kZvsk (L) 86 kZvsk (M) 76 kZvsk (N) 66 kZvsk
11. evsjv‡`‡k 'mv`v †mvbv' Kx? [Xv. †ev. '21; iv. †ev. '16; w`. †ev. '21]
(K) nxiK (L) ‡c‡Uªvwjqvg (M) Bwjk (N) wPswo
12. Pvj Drcv`‡b we‡k¦ evsjv‡`‡ki Ae¯’vb KZ? [iv. †ev. '21]
(K) PZz_© (L) Z„Zxq (M) wØZxq (N) cÖ_g
13. †Kv‡bv †`‡k KZ kZvsk ebf‚wg _vKv `iKvi? [g. †ev. '21]
(K) 15 (L) 20 (M) 25 (N) 30
14. Wvqv‡ewUK, eøvW †Kv‡j‡÷ij, D”P i³Pvc I K¨vÝvi †ivM wbqš¿‡Yi mewRi bvg Kx? [g.‡ev.21]
(K) jvj kvK (L) gvkiæg (M) cvjs kvK (N) wgwó Avjzi kvK
15. ivRkvnx K…wl Dbœqb e¨vsK KZ mv‡j cÖwZwôZ nq? [wm. †ev. '19]
(K) 1985 (L) 1986 (M) 1987 (N) 1988
16. we‡k¦ grm¨ Drcv`‡b evsjv‡`‡ki Ae¯’vb? [iv. †ev. '17]
(K) 3 q (L) 4_© (M) 5g (N) 6ô
17. †Kvb ißvwb cY¨wU‡K '‡nvqvBU †Mvì' ejv nq? [Xv. †ev. '16; Kz, †ev, '21]
(K) ‰Zwi †cvkvK (L) cvURvZ `ªe¨ (M) wnqvwgZ wPswo (N) PvgovRvZ cY¨
18. evsjv‡`‡ki cÖavb LwbR m¤ú` †Kvb¸‡jv ? [h. †ev.'16]
(K) ‡Zj, M¨vm I Pvgov (L) M¨vm, Kqjv, I †jŠn (M) ‡Zj, M¨vm I Kqjv (N) †Zj, Kqjv I grm¨
19. gvkiæg n‡jv GK ai‡bi- [iv.‡ev.23]
i. QÎvK
ii. mewR
iii. Ilza
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) i I iii (M) ii I iii (N) i,ii I iii
20. gvkiæg n‡jv- [g. †ev. '23].
i. Jlwa ¸Ym¤úbœ I c„wóKi
ii. e¨qeûj
iii. GBWm cÖwZ‡ivaK
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) i I iii (M) ii I iii (N) i,ii I iii
21. evsjv‡`‡k K…wl Lv‡Z cwieZ©‡bi †h m‚Pbv n‡q‡Q Zvi d‡j- [h. †ev '22]
i. Drcv`b evo‡Q
ii. AvazwbK cÖhzw³i e¨envi evo‡Q
iii. km¨ eûgzLxKiY NU‡Q
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) i I iii (M) ii I iii (N) i,ii I iii
22. K…wl‡Z cvwb †m‡Pi d‡j- [e. †ev, '21]
i. Lv`¨ NvUwZ c‚iY nq
ii. Kg©ms¯’vb e„w× cvq
iii. ciwbf©ikxjZv ev‡o
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) i I iii (M) ii I iii (N) i,ii I iii
▪ wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o 23 I 24 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
mwLbv †eM‡gi †Kv‡bv dmwj Rwg †bB| MZ eQi †_‡K wZwb cwiZ¨³ gvwUi N‡i Ggb GKwU K…wlc‡Y¨i Drcv`b ïiæ K‡i‡Qb hv wewµ
K‡i wZwb A_© DcvR©b Ki‡Z cvi‡Qb| [P. †ev. '22]
23. DÏxcK Abzhvqx mwLbv †eMg †KvbwUi Drcv`b K‡i‡Qb?
(K) wPswo (L) gvkiæg (M) PvivMvQ (N) wSbzK
24. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ K…wlcY¨ wb‡Pi †KvbwU‡K mnvqZv Ki‡e?
i. Kg©ms¯’vb e„w×
ii. Drcv`b LiP e„w×
iii. `vwi`ª¨ we‡gvPb
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i (L) ii (M) i I ii (N) i I iii
▪ wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 25 I 26 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
ingvb GKRb †eKvi hzeK| †m evwo‡Z gvkiæg Pvl K‡i| gvkiæg AZ¨šÍ czwóKi, mz¯v^ `z I Jlwa¸Ym¤úbœ mewR| ZvQvov wewfbœ †ivM
cÖwZ‡ivaK I wbivgqK wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i| gvkiæg Drcv`‡bi gva¨‡g Zvi czwói Afve c‚iY n‡q‡Q| Avevi Avq DcvR©‡bi GKwU c_I
†c‡q‡Q| [e. †ev. '22]
25. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z mewRwUi †¶‡Î mwVK bq †KvbwU?
(K) Avq DcvR©‡bi c_ ˆZwi (L) iv¯ÍvNvU Dbœqb (M) czwói Pvwn`v c‚iY (N) Kg©ms¯’vb
26. gvkiæg Drcv`‡b cÖ‡qvRb-
i. Avevw` Rwg
ii. g‚jab
iii. kªg
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) ii I iii (M) i I iii (N) i,ii I iii
mgvavb
1. L 2. M 3. M 4. K 5. M 6. M 7. N 8. N 9. L 10. L 11. N 12. K 13. M
14. L 15. M 16. L 17. M 18. M 19. K 20. L 21. N 22. K 23. L 24. N 25. L 26. L
K…wl †RvZ I K…wl Lvgvi (Agriculture Holding and Agriculture
➢ Farm)
†Kvb GKRb K„lK ev msMV‡Ki Aax‡b wbw`ó ¯’v‡b ev wewfbœ ¯’v‡b †h cwigvb Avev`‡hvM¨ Rwg _v‡K, Zv‡K K…wl‡RvZ e‡j|
▪ evsjv‡`‡k Avw_©K †RvZ MV‡bi Dcvq
➢ A_©‰bwZK †RvZ ej‡Z †m cwigvY Rwg‡K †evSvq, hv GKwU cwievi‡K b~¨bZg gv‡bi m‡šÍvlRbK RxebhvÎv wbe©v‡n mnvqZv K‡i|
evsjv‡`‡ki K…wl‡RvZ¸‡jv Avw_©K †RvZ bq| †Rv‡Zi AvqZb I Drcv`bkxjZv e„w×i gva¨‡g G‡`‡k Avw_©K †RvZ MV‡bi D‡`¨vM MÖnY
Kiv hvq|
1. f‚wgi n¯ÍvšÍi †iva : Avw_©K AbUb ev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv Kvi‡Y evsjv‡`‡ki `wi`ª K…lKiv hv‡Z Zv‡`i Rwgi Askwe‡kl wewµ Ki‡Z eva¨ bv
nq Zvi e¨e¯’v Kiv `iKvi| cÖ‡qvR‡bi mgq Mwie Pvwl‡`i FY`v‡bi e¨e¯’v Ki‡Z cvi‡j †Rv‡Zi LwÐZKiY †iva Kiv hvq|
2. cÖK…Z Pvwl‡`i f‚wgi gvwjKvbv cÖ`vb : evsjv‡`‡k e¨vcKfv‡e cÖPwjZ eM©v`vwi cÖ_vi D‡”Q` mvab K‡i cÖK…Z Pvwl‡`i Rwgi gvwjKvbv
cÖ`vb Kiv n‡j K…lKiv km¨ Drcv`‡b DrmvwnZ n‡e| G‡Z A‡c¶vK…Z ¶z`ª †RvZ¸‡jv A_©‰bwZK †Rv‡Z cwiYZ n‡e|
3. mgevq Lvgvi : mgevq c×wZi gva¨‡g K…lKiv cvwievwiK mg‡SvZvi gva¨‡g †¯^”Qvq Zv‡`i cvkvcvwk Rwg¸‡jv GKÎxKi‡Yi gva¨‡g
Pvl Ki‡j A_©‰bwZK †RvZ MwVZ n‡e|
4. †Rv‡Zi AvqZb e„w× : evsjv‡`‡k K…wlRwgi µg LwÐZKiY †iv‡ai cÖ‡qvRbxq e¨e¯’v MÖnY Kiv n‡j †Rv‡Zi AvqZb evo‡e| d‡j Avw_©K
†RvZ MVb Kiv mnR n‡e|
5. f‚wgi cybe©Èb : f‚wgi cybe©È‡bi gva¨‡g Avw_©K †RvZ MVb Kiv m¤¢e| ZvB evsjv‡`‡ki Rwgi gvwjKvbvi EaŸ©mxgv Avw_©K RvZ A‡c¶v
wKQz †ewk‡Z wba©viY K‡i DØ„Ë Rwg ¯^í Rwgi AwaKvix K…lK‡`i g‡a¨ eÈb Ki‡j A‡bK †¶‡Î Avw_©K †RvZ m„wó n‡e|
6. RbmsL¨vi Pvc n«vm : weKí Kg©ms¯’v‡bi Afv‡e evsjv‡`‡ki ewa©Z RbmsL¨v K…wli Ici wbf©ikxj n‡”Q| ZvB `ªæZ AK…wl Lv‡Zi
Dbœq‡bi gva¨‡g K…wl †_‡K AwZwi³ RbmsL¨v miv‡Z cvi‡j gv_vwcQz Rwgi cwigvY evo‡e Ges Zv A_©‰bwZK †RvZ MV‡b mnvqK n‡e|
7. fwel¨r DcwefvRb †iva : evsjv‡`‡k A_©‰bwZK †Rv‡Z MVb Ki‡Z n‡j K…wl Rwgi fwel¨r DcwefvRb †iva Ki‡Z n‡e| G‡¶‡Î
DËivwaKvi AvBbmg~n ms‡kvab Ki‡Z n‡e|
8. f‚wgi Drcv`b e„w× : Drcv`b e„w×i gva¨‡gI Avw_©K †RvZ MVb Kiv hvq| K…wli Drcv`‡b j¶Yxq e„w× ¯^vfvweK ¶z`ªvqZ‡bi
†RvZ¸‡jv‡K Avw_©K †Rv‡Z cwiYZ Ki‡Z cv‡i|
➢ DcwiD³ e¨e¯’vmg~n MÖnY Ki‡j evsjv‡`‡ki A_©‰bwZK †RvZ ev Lvgvi MwVZ n‡e|
K…wl Lvgvi (Agriculture Farm)
➢ mvaviYfv‡e GKRb msMV‡Ki Aax‡b †h cwigvY Rwg Pvlvev` Kiv nq Zv‡K K…wl Lvgvi e‡j|
K…wl Lvgv‡ii cÖKvi‡f`
➢ Drcv`‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨i wfwˇZ ➢ dmj Drcv`‡bi ai‡bi wfwˇZ
1. Rxebwbe©vnx Lvgvi I 2. evwYwR¨K Lvgvi 1. we‡klvwqZ Lvgvi, 2. eûgyLx Lvgvi I 3. wgkª Lvgvi
➢ gvwjKvbvi wfwˇZ ➢ AvqZ‡bi wfwˇZ
1. e¨w³gvwjKvbvaxb, 2. mgevq Lvgvi I 3. †hŠ_ Lvgvi 1. cÖvwšÍK Lvgvi,2. ¶z`ªvqZb Lvgvi,3. gvSvwi Lvgvi I
4. e„n`vqZb Lvgvi
▪ Drcv`‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨i wfwˇZ Lvgvi: Drcv`‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨i wfwˇZ Lvgvi `yB cÖKvi| h_v-
1. Rxebwbe©vnx Lvgvi (Subsistence Farm): Rxebwbe©v‡ni Rb¨ K…lK †h f‚wg L‡Ð dmj Drcv`b K‡i, Zv‡K Rxebwbe©vnx Lvgvi e‡j|
2. evwYwR¨K Lvgvi (Commercial Farm): †h Lvgvi gybvdv AR©‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ evwYwR¨Kfv‡e cwiPvwjZ nq, Zv‡K evwYwR¨K Lvgvi
e‡j|
▪ gvwjKvbvi wfwˇZ: gvwjKvbvi wfwˇZ Lvgvi wZb cÖKvi| h_v-
1. e¨w³gvwjKvbvaxb Lvgvi: †h Lvgvi m¤c~Y© e¨w³MZ gvwjKvbvq cwiPvwjZ nq, Zv‡K e¨w³gvwjKvbvaxb Lvgvi e‡j|
2. mgevq Lvgvi: K…l‡Kiv †¯^”Qvq ci¯c‡ii Rwg GKwÎZ K‡i cvi¯úwiK Kj¨v‡Yi D‡Ï‡k¨ †h e„n`vqZb Lvgvi MVb K‡i Zv‡K mgevq
Lvgvi e‡j| †hgb: wgé wfUv mgevq Lvgvi|
3. †hŠ_ Lvgvi: †h Lvgv‡i K…lK wb‡R‡`i Rwg I g~jab GKwÎZ K‡i †hŠ_fv‡e K…wlKvR I Lvgv‡ii Ab¨vb¨ Kvh©vewj cwiPvjbv K‡i K…lK
Zvi wbR¯^ kª‡gi e¨wqZ mgq I gvb Abymv‡i dm‡ji Ask cvq, Zv‡K †hŠ_ Lvgvi e‡j| ivwkqvq †UvR, Av‡U©j, KwgDb bv‡g wZb
ai‡bi †hŠ_ Lvgvi MwVZ n‡qwQj|
▪ dmj Drcv`‡bi ai‡bi wfwˇZ Lvgvi: dmj Drcv`‡bi ai‡bi wfwˇZ Lvgvi wZb cÖKvi| h_v-
1. we‡klvwqZ Lvgvi: †Kv‡bv GKwU Lvgvi we‡kl dmj Drcv`‡b wb‡qvwRZ _vK‡j Zv‡K we‡klvwqZ Lvgvi (Specialised farm) e‡j|
gybvdv m‡e©v‡”Pi Rb¨ g~jab wbweo Drcv`b †KŠkj G ai‡bi dv‡g© e¨eüZ nq|
2. eûgyLx Lvgvi: GKB Lvgv‡i GKwU dm‡ji cwie‡Z© wewfbœ dmj Drcv`b Kiv n‡j Zv‡K eûgyLx Lvgvi (Diversified farm) e‡j|
3. wgkª Lvgvi: †h Lvgv‡ii GKvs‡k dmj Drcbœ K‡i Ab¨ As‡k cïcvjb Kiv nq, Zv‡K wgkª Lvgvi (Mixed Farm) e‡j| †hgb-
KvbvWv, hy³ivóª Ges BD‡iv‡c Giƒc Lvgvi †`Lv hvq|
▪ AvqZ‡bi wfwˇZ Lvgvi: AvqZ‡bi wfwˇZ Lvgvi Pvi cÖKvi| h_v-
1. cÖvwšÍK Lvgvi: †h Lvgv‡ii AvqZb 0.05-0.49 GKi Zv‡K cÖvwšÍK Lvgvi e‡j|
2. ¶z`ªvqZb Lvgvi: †h Lvgv‡ii AvqZb †QvU A_©vr 0.50-2.49 GKi, Zv‡K ¶z`ªvqZb Lvgvi e‡j|
3. gvSvwi Lvgvi: †h Lvgv‡ii AvqZb 2.50-7.49 GKi, Zv‡K gvSvwi Lvgvi e‡j| evsjv‡`‡k 3 GKi wewkó Lvgvi‡K Av`©k Lvgvi e‡j|
4. e„n`vqZb Lvgvi: †h Lvgv‡ii AvqZb 7.5 GKi ev Zvi †ewk, Zv‡K e„n`vqZb Lvgvi e‡j|
Rxebwbe©vnx Lvgvi I evwYwR¨K Lvgv‡ii g‡a¨ cv_©K¨
(Difference Between Subsistence Farm and Commercial Farm)
➢ ‡h Lvgv‡i GKRb K…lK Zvi Ges cwiev‡ii fiY‡cvl‡Yi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq `ªe¨ Drcv`b K‡i Zv‡K Rxebwbe©vnx Lvgvi e‡j|
➢ Ab¨w`‡K, †h Lvgv‡i evwYwR¨K wfwˇZ me©vwaK gybvdv AR©‡bi D‡Ïk¨ cwiPvwjZ nq Zv‡K evwYwR¨K Lvgvi e‡j| G‡`i g‡a¨ cv_©K¨
wb‡P cÖ`vb Kiv n‡jv-
Rxebwbev©nx Lvgvi evwYwR¨K Lvgvi
1. ÿz`ªvqZ‡b cwiPvwjZ nq 1. e„n`vqZ‡b cwiPvwjZ nq|
2. cvwievwiK cÖ‡qvR‡b Drcv`b Kvh© cwiPvwjZ nq| 2. gybvdvi D‡Ï‡k¨ Drcv`b Kvh© cwiPvwjZ nq|
3. Drcv`‡b mbvZbx c×wZ e¨eüZ nq| 3. Drcv`‡b AvaywbK c×wZ e¨eüZ nq|
4. Drcv`‡bi `ÿZv Kg| 4. Drcv`‡bi `ÿZv †ewk|
5. DcKi‡Yi A_©‰bwZK e¨envi m¤¢e nq bv| 5. DcKi‡Yi A_©‰bwZK e¨envi mywbwðZ K‡i|
6. g~jab Kg wewb‡qvM nq| 6. g~jab †ewk wewb‡qvM nq|
7. eûwea dmj Drcvw`Z nq| 7. GKwU ev `ywU `ªe¨ Drcvw`Z nq|
8. SuywKi cwigvY Kg| 8. SzuwKi cwigvY †ewk|
9. Lvgv‡ii e¨e¯’vcbv AmsMwVZ Ges cwi`k©b e¨e¯’v A`ÿ 9. Lvgv‡ii e¨e¯’vcbv cwiKwíZ Ges `ÿ cwi`k©b e¨e¯’v we`¨gvb|
10. AwaK gvÎvq cÖK…wZi Ici wbf©ikxj| 10. Kg gvÎvq cÖK…wZi Ici wbf©ikxj|
Av`k© Lvgvi
➢ †hLv‡b Drcv`‡bi wewfbœ Dcv`v‡bi myôz cÖ‡qv‡Mi d‡j GKicÖwZ me©vwaK K…wl Drcv`b nq hv me©vwaK K…wl Drcv`‡bi j‡¶¨ Pvlvev`
Kiv nq †mme Lvgvi‡K Av`k© Lvgvi ejv nq|
➢ A_©bxwZwe` Dyno Keatinge-Gi g‡Z, cÖPwjZ cÖhyw³ e¨env‡ii gva¨‡g †h cwigvY Rwg‡Z GKwU dv‡g©i GKicÖwZ me©vwaK Drcv`b
cvIqv hvq Ges Drcvw`Z dm‡ji Avq n‡Z K…lK I Zvi cwievi m‡šÍvlRbKfv‡e RxweKv wbe©vn K‡i Rxebhvc‡bi my‡hvM cvq, †m
cwigvY Rwg‡K Av`k© Lvgvi e‡j|
➢ evsjv‡`‡k mvaviYZ 3 GKi Rwg‡K Av`©k Lvgvi wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Kiv nq|
➢ Av`k© Lvgv‡ii wba©viK mg~n : Av`k© Lvgvi wKQz wba©vi‡Ki Ici wbf©i K‡i| †m¸‡jv‡K Av`k© Lvgv‡ii wba©viK ejv nq| †hgb-
1. Rwgi cÖK…wZ : Rwgi De©ivkw³ AwaK, AvaywbK Pvlvev` c×wZ, km¨ eûgyLxKi‡Yi my‡hvM we`¨gvb _vK‡j Av`k© Lvgv‡ii Rb¨ Rwgi
AvqZb wKQzUv †QvU n‡jI P‡j| wKš‘ Rwg‡Z km¨ eûgyLxKiY Kiv bv n‡j Ges De©ivkw³ Kg n‡j Av`k© Lvgvi MV‡b AwaK Rwgi
cÖ‡qvRb nq|
2. Rwgi AvqZb : Rwgi AvqZb ¶z`ª ev AwZ ¶z`ª n‡j Av`k© Lvgvi ˆZwi Kiv hvq bv| Avevi Rwgi AvqZb Lye †ewk eo n‡jI Av`k©
Lvgvi ˆZwi Kiv hvq bv|
3. cÖhyw³i e¨envi : Av`k© Lvgvi MV‡b AvaywbK cÖhyw³i e¨envi j¶ Kiv hvq|
4. dm‡ji cÖK…wZ : dm‡ji cÖK…wZi Ici Av`k© Lvgv‡ii Rwgi AvqZb wbf©i K‡i| kvKmewRi †¶‡Î ¶z`ªvqZ‡bi Rwg; wKš‘ avb, cvU,
Mg BZ¨vw`i †¶‡Î e„nr AvKv‡ii Rwgi cÖ‡qvRb c‡o|
5. Rjevqy : Av`k© Lvgv‡ii AvqZb Rjevqy Øviv cÖfvweZ nq| AbyK‚j Rjevqy‡Z ¶z`ªvqZ‡bi Rwg‡Z Av`k© Lvgvi ¯’vcb Kiv †M‡jI Rjevqy
cÖwZK‚j n‡j Av`k© Lvgvi MV‡b e„n`vqZ‡bi Rwgi cÖ‡qvRb nq|
Abykxjb Ask - 01 weMZ eQ‡i Avmv Abyavebg~jK cÖkœ
cÖkœ 1| K…wl‡RvZ I K…wl Lvgvi wK GKB? [Xv. †ev. '19; h. †ev. '23, '22; wm. †ev. '22, '19; e. †ev. '19]
cÖkœ 2| 'Rxeb wbe©vnx Lvgvi' I 'evwYwR¨K Lvgvi' aviYv `zwU wfbœ- e¨vL¨v Ki| [Xv. †ev. '21; Kz. †ev. '22; e. †ev. '21]
cÖkœ 3| K…wl Lvgvi ej‡Z Kx †evS? [e. †ev. '16]
Abykxjb Ask - 02 weMZ eQ‡i Avmv eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ
1. evsjv‡`‡k †Kvb ai‡bi Lvgv‡ii AvwaK¨ i‡q‡Q? [wm.‡ev.23]
(K) Rxebwbe©vnx (L) eûgzLx (M) ‡hŠ_ (N) mgevq
2. Drcv`‡bi cÖK…wZ Abzmv‡i K…wl Lvgvi‡K Kq †kÖwY‡Z fvM Kiv hvq? [e.‡ev.23]
(K) 2 (L) 3 (M) 4 (N) 5
3. K…wl‡RvZ ej‡Z †evSvq- [Xv.‡ev.22]
(K) K…wl Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ Avev`‡hvM¨ Rwg (L) K…wl Rwg‡Z cwiPvwjZ Drcv`b Kvh©µg
(M) K…wl c‡Y¨i µq-weµq Kvh©µg (N) GKB Rwg‡Z wfbœ wfbœ †gŠmz‡g wfbœ wfbœ dm‡ji Pvlvev`
4. Rxeb wbe©vnx Lvgv‡ii †¶‡Î †KvbwU j¶Yxq? [Xv. †ev. 22]
(K) Lvgv‡ii AvqZb eo nq (L) cvwievwiK †fvMB GKgvÎ D‡Ïk¨
(M) Pvlvev` c×wZ AvazwbK (N) KvwiMwi w`‡Ki Kvh©Kvi cÖ‡qvM
5. evsjv‡`‡ki AwaKvsk Lvgv‡ii aib †Kgb? [iv. †ev, 22, 17; 16; h. †ev '21]
(K) Rxeb wbe©vnx Lvgvi (L) mgevq Lvgvi (M) eûgzLx Lvgvi (N) †hŠ_ g‚jabx Lvgvi
6. evsjv‡`‡k AwaK cwigv‡Y i‡q‡Q- [h.‡ev.22]
(K) ‡hŠ_ Lvgvi (L) evwYwR¨K Lvgvi (M) Rxeb wbe©vnx Lvgvi (N) mgevq Lvgvi
7. ‡h Lvgv‡ii Drcvw`Z cY¨ w`‡q ïaygvÎ cwiev‡ii fiY‡cvlY P‡j, Zv‡K Kx ai‡bi Lvgvi e‡j ? [Kz.‡ev.22]
(K) we‡klvwqZ Lvgvi (L) Av`k© Lvgvi (M) Rxebwbe©vnx Lvgvi (N) evwYwR¨K Lvgvi
8. †h Lvgv‡ii Rwgi cwigvY 2.49 GKi, Zv‡K †Kvb ai‡bi Lvgvi e‡j? [P.‡ev.22]
(K) cÖvwšÍK (L) ¶z`ªvqZb (M) gvSvwi (N) e„n`vqZb
9. K…wlc‡Y¨i Drcv`b cwiKíbvi mv‡_ mivmwi m¤ú„³ †KvbwU? [P. †ev, 22]
(K) K…wl‡RvZ (L) K…wl DcLvZ (M) K…wl KvVv‡gv (N) K…wl Lvgvi
10. AvZ¥‡ZvlY Lvgvi n‡jv- [w`. †ev. 22]
(K) Rxebwbe©vnx Lvgvi (L) evwYwR¨K Lvgvi (M) eûgzLx Lvgvi (N) we‡klvwqZ Lvgvi
11. Av`k© K…wl Lvgv‡ii Rwgi AvqZb we‡ewPZ nq- [w`. †ev. 22]
(K) b¨‚bZg 1 GKi (L) b¨‚bZg 3 GKi (M) b¨‚bZg 5 GKi (N) b¨‚bZg 10 GKi
12. Pvlvev‡`i AvqZbwfwËK Lvgvi ‡KvbwU? [g. †ev. 21]
(K) Rxeb wbe©vnx Lvgvi (L) eûgzLx Lvgvi (M) mgevq Lvgvi (N) e¨w³gvwjKvbvaxb Lvgvi
13. evsjv‡`‡k Av`k© K…wl Lvgv‡ii AvqZb KZ? [iv. †ev. '21, 17; h. †ev '21, '16; g. †ev, '20]
(K) 1 GKi (L) 3 GKi (M) 5 GKi (N) 10 GKi
14. Avev`‡hvM¨ Rwg‡K e‡j- [iv. †ev. 21]
(K) K…wl‡RvZ (L) K…wl Lvgvi (M) Rxeb wbe©vnx Lvgvi (N) evwYwR¨K Lvgvi
15. wb‡Pi †KvbwU gvwjKvbvwfwËK Lvgvi? [Kz.‡ev.21]
(K) wgkª Lvgvi (L) ‡hŠ_ Lvgvi (M) eûgzLx Lvgvi (N) we‡klvwqZ Lvgvi
16. †h Lvgv‡i GK As‡k dmj Drcv`b Ges Ab¨ As‡k cïcvjb Kiv nq Zv‡K e‡j? [wm.‡ev.21]
(K) we‡klvwqZ Lvgvi (L) eûgzLx Lvgvi (M) wgkÖ Lvgvi (N) cÖvwšÍK Lvgvi
17. evsjv‡`kmn AwaKvsk Dbœqbkxj †`‡k †Kvb ai‡bi Lvgvi †ewk cÖPwjZ i‡q‡Q? [e.‡ev.21]
(K) eûgzLx (L) mgevq (M) Rxeb wbe©vnx (N) evwYwR¨K
18. K…l‡Kiv †¯^”Qvq ci¯ú‡ii Rwg GKwÎZ K‡i †h Lvgvi M‡o ‡Zv‡j Zv‡K e‡j- [Xv. †ev. '19]
(K) e¨w³MZ Lvgvi (L) ¶z`ªvqZb Lvgvi (M) mgevq Lvgvi (N) ‡hŠ_ Lvgvi
19. gzbvdv AR©b †Kvb Lvgv‡ii cÖavb D‡Ïk¨? [iv. †ev. '17]
(K) evwYwR¨K Lvgvi (L) Rxeb wbe©vnx Lvgvi (M) eûgzLx K…wl Lvgvi (N) mgevq Lvgvi
20. gvwjKvbvi wfwˇZ Lvgvi KZ cÖKvi? [iv. †ev. '23; h. †ev, '17; P. †ev. '21; wm. †ev. '23]
(K) 2 (L) 3 (M) 4 (N) 5
21. Drcv`‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨i wfwˇZ Lvgvi KZ cÖKvi? [wm. †ev. '21; w`. †ev. '17]
(K) `zB (L) wZb (M) Pvi (N) cuvP
22. Rxeb wbe©vnx Lvgv‡i e„n`vqZb Drcv`b m¤¢e nq bv †Kb? [Xv. †ev. '16]
(K) AvqZb †QvU (L) AvqZb eo (M) g‚ja‡bi ¯^íZv (N) K…l‡Ki Abxnv
23. cwiev‡ii fiY †cvlYB cÖavb j¶¨ ‡Kvb Lvgv‡ii? [e. †ev. '16]
(K) Rxeb wbe©vnx Lvgvi (L) evwYwR¨K Lvgvi (M) eûgzLx Lvgvi (N) mgevq Lvgvi
24. Rxebavi‡Yvc‡hvMx K…wl Lvgv‡ii cÖavb D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv- [e. †ev. '23]
i. cwiev‡ii Pvwn`v †gUv‡bv
ii. mgv‡Ri Pvwn`v †gUv‡bv
iii. ißvwb Pvwn`v †gUv‡bv
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i (L) ii (M) ii I iii (N) i,ii I iii
25. dmj Drcv`‡bi ai‡bi wfwˇZ K…wl Lvgv‡ii cÖKvi‡f` n‡jv- [Kz. †ev. '22]
i. we‡klvwqZ Lvgvi
ii. eûgzLx Lvgvi
iii. wgkª Lvgvi
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) i I iii (M) ii I iii (N) i,ii I iii
26. gvwjKvbvi wfwˇZ K…wl Lvgvi n‡Z cv‡i- [w`. †ev. '22]
i. eûgzLx
ii. e¨w³ gvwjKvbvaxb
iii. †hŠ_
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) i I iii (M) ii I iii (N) i,ii I iii
▪ DÏxcKwU c‡o 27 I 28 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
wcqvm mvZ m`‡m¨i cwievi wb‡q MÖv‡g evm K‡ib| wZwb wKQz nuvm- gziwM I GKwU Mvfx cvjb K‡i †Kv‡bv iKg RxweKv wbe©vn K‡i|
iƒcK_v †WBwi dv‡g©i gvwjK wg. wbjq DbœZ Rv‡Zi `kwU Mvfx wb‡q AvazwbK cÖhzw³‡Z GKwU Lvgvi cwiPvjbv K‡ib| [Xv. †ev. '23]
27. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z wcqv‡mi LvgviwU †Kvb ai‡bi?
(K) Rxeb wbe©vnx (L) e„n`vqZb (M) evwYwR¨K (N) ¶z`ªvqZb
28. wg. wbjq-Gi LvgviwU‡Z we`¨gvb-
i. `¶ e¨e¯’vcbv
ii. AvazwbK cÖhzw³
iii. AwaK Drcv`b
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) i I iii (M) ii I iii (N) i,ii I iii
▪ DÏxcKwU c‡o 29 I 30 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
GKivg mv‡n‡ei mvgvb¨ cwigvY Rwg Av‡Q| G‡Z Pvl K‡i wZwb †h Drcv`b K‡ib Zv Øviv †Kv‡bvfv‡e cvwievwiK Pvwn`v †gUv‡Z cv‡ib|
[iv. †ev. '23]
29. GKivg mv‡n‡ei LvgviwU Kx ai‡bi?
(K) we‡klvwqZ (L) evwYwR¨K (M) Rxebwbe©vnx (N) mgevq
30. GKivg mv‡n‡ei Lvgv‡i-
(K) Pvlvev` c×wZ AvazwbK (L) cvwievwiK †fvMB GKgvÎ D‡Ïk¨
(M) ‰e‡`wkK gz`ªv AR©‡bi mz‡hvM Av‡Q (N) AvÂwjK Pvwn`v c‚iY nq
▪ DÏxcKwU c‡o 31 I 32 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi cvI
evsjv‡`‡ki wKQz GjvKvq el©vKv‡j fvix el©‡Yi Kvi‡Y avb‡¶‡Z wKš‘ cvwb R‡g _v‡K| K…lKiv ZLb avb †¶‡Z ˆK, wks, gv¸i I wPswo
Pvl K‡ib| [e. †ev. '20]
31. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ Lvgv‡ii aiY Kx?
(K) we‡klvwqZ Lvgvi (L) ‡hŠ_ Lvgvi (M) eûgzLx Lvgvi (N) wgkª Lvgvi
32. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ Lvgv‡ii †¶‡Î wb‡Pi †KvbwU cÖ‡hvR¨?
(K) Drcv`b LiP ev‡o (L) K…l‡Ki Avq ev‡o (M) Drcv`‡bi cwigvY K‡g (N) Drcv`‡bi SzuwK e„w× cvq
▪ DÏxcKwU c‡o 33 I 34 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
Rbve mvB`zi abx K…lK| wZwb A‡bK UvKv wewb‡qvM K‡i wekvj GjvKvq hvwš¿K Dcv‡q I `¶ e¨e¯’vcbvi gva¨‡g GKwU e„nr Lvgvi
cwiPvjbv K‡ib| Ab¨w`‡K, Zvi eÜz gwZ wgqv GKRb Mwie- K…lK| †m Zvi cwiev‡ii cuvP Rb m`m¨ wb‡q GKLÐ Rwg‡Z Pvlvev`
K‡ib| Zviv mevB wg‡j hv Drcv`b K‡ib Zv w`‡q ‡Kv‡bvg‡Z Zv‡`i RxebhvÎvi e¨q wbe©vn K‡ib| [P.†ev. '20]
33. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z Rbve mvB`z‡ii LvgviwUi ˆewkó¨ n‡jv-
i. evwYwR¨K D‡Ï‡k¨ cwiPvwjZ
ii. AwaK Drcv`b
iii. cwiev‡ii m`m¨‡`i Øviv cwiPvwjZ
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) i I iii (M) ii I iii (N) i,ii I iii
34. DÏxc‡K gwZ wgqvi LvgviwU †Kvb ai‡bi?
(K) evwYwR¨K (L) Rxebwbe©vnx (M) ¶z`ªvqZb (N) e„n`vqZb
▪ DÏxcKwU c‡o 35 I 36 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
Avn‡g`, Kvjvg I Avwbm Zv‡`i Rwg I Ab¨vb¨ DcKiYmg‚n GKwÎKiY K‡i GKwU Lvgvi cÖwZôv K‡ib| Lvgv‡i cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki GK GKi
Rwg i‡q‡Q †hLv‡b hzMcr Pvlvev` I cï cvjb Kiv nq| [wm. †ev. '23]
35. Drcv`b aib we‡ePbvq LvgviwU †Kvb ai‡bi?
(K) we‡klvwqZ (L) eûgzLx (M) wgkÖ (N) evwYwR¨K
36. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ Lvgvi m¤ú‡K© e³e¨mg‚n-
i. GwU GKwU Av`k© Lvgvi
ii. GwU GKwU e¨w³ gvwjKvbvaxb Lvgvi
iii. GwU GKwU †hŠ_ Lvgvi
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) i I iii (M) ii I iii (N) i,ii I iii
▪ wb‡Pi DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K 37 I 38 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
wgRvb cov‡kvbv †kl K‡i wbR MÖv‡g GKwU K…wl Lvgvi ¯’vcb K‡ib| D³ Lvgv‡i kvKmewR Drcv`‡bi cvkvcvwk nuvm-gziwM cvjb
K‡ib| [h. †ev. '22]
37. wgRv‡bi Lvgvi-
(K) ‡hŠ_ Lvgvi (L) eûgzLx Lvgvi (M) wgkª Lvgvi (N) we‡klvwqZ Lvgvi
38. D³ Lvgv‡i D‡Ïk¨-
i. cwiev‡ii Lv`¨ Pvwn`v †gUv‡bv
ii. Kg©ms¯’v‡bi mz‡hvM e„w×
iii. mvgvwRK ebvqb
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) i I iii (M) ii I iii (N) i,ii I iii
▪ wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o 39 I 40 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
K…lK k¤¢z wgqv el©v †gŠmz‡g av‡bi Rwg‡Z ˆK gv‡Qi Pvl K‡ib| [P. †ev. 22]
39. DÏxcK Abzhvqx K…lK k¤¢z wgqvi LvgviwU †Kvb ai‡bi?
(K) we‡klvwqZ (L) eûgyLx (M) wgkª (N) †hŠ_
40. DÏxcK Abzhvqx Lvgv‡ii Drcv`K k¤¢z wgqvi †¶‡Î wb‡Pi †KvbwU cÖ‡hvR¨ n‡e?
i. Drcv`b e„w×
ii. LiP e„w×
iii. Rxebgvb e„w×
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i (L) ii (M) i I ii (N) i I iii
▪ DÏxcKwU c‡o 41 I 42 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
‡ejv‡qZ †nv‡mb GKRb K…lK| Zvi cwiev‡i ¯¿x I 2 †Q‡j Av‡Q| ˆcZ„Km‚‡Î cÖvß Zvi 1 weNv Rwg‡Z cvwievwiK kªg I czuwR cÖ‡qv‡Mi
gva¨‡g avb Drcv`b K‡ib| [w`. †ev. 22]
41. DÏxc‡K †Kvb ai‡bi Lvgv‡ii K_v ejv n‡q‡Q ?
(K) wgkª Lvgvi (L) Rxeb wbe©vnx Lvgvi (M) mgevq Lvgvi (N) evwYwR¨K Lvgvi
42. D³ Lvgv‡ii g‚j D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv-
i. RxebaviY Kiv
ii. DØ„Ë m„wó Kiv
iii. gzbvdv AR©b Kiv
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i (L) i I ii (M) ii I iii (N) i,ii I iii
▪ wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 43 I 44 bs cÖ‡ki DËi `vI:
iwd‡Ki evevi A‡bK Rwg| iwdK cov‡kvbv †k‡l evevi K…wl‡RvZ †`Lv‡kvbv ïiæ K‡i| AvenvIqv AbzK‚‡j nIqvq G eQi iwdK A‡bK
UvKv gzbvdv K‡i| [g.‡ev.22]
43. iwd‡Ki LvgviwU †Kvb ai‡bi?
(K) Rxebwbe©vnx Lvgvi (L) evwYwR¨K Lvgvi (M) mgevqx Lvgvi (N) we‡klvwqZ Lvgvi
44. iwd‡Ki Lvgv‡i-
i. AvazwbK hš¿cvwZ e¨envi Kiv hv‡e
ii. cÖvwZôvwbK FY MÖnY Kiv hv‡e|
iii. Kg©ms¯’vb evo‡e
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) i I iii (M) ii I iii (N) i,ii I iii
▪ DÏxcKwU c‡o 45 I 46 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
`wi`ª K…lK Av°vQ wgqv cwiev‡ii m`m¨‡`i wb‡q GKLÛ Rwg‡Z Pvlvev` K‡ib| Ab¨w`‡K H GjvKvi gvmzK wgqv AwaK czuwR, AvazwbK
hš¿cvwZi mgš^‡q e„nr Lvgvi cwiPvjbv K‡ib| | [Xv. †ev, '21]
45. Av°vQ wgqvi Lvgvi †Kvb ai‡bi?
(K) evwYwR¨K (L) ¶z`ªvqZb (M) e¨w³MZ (N) Rxeb wbe©vnx
46. gvmzK wgqvi cwiPvwjZ Lvgv‡ii ˆewkó¨ n‡”Q-
i. `¶ e¨e¯’vcbv
ii. Kg DØ„Ë
iii. AwaK Drcv`b
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) i I iii (M) ii I iii (N) i,ii I iii
▪ DÏxcKwU c‡o 47 I 48 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
"K" GKRb K…lK| Zvi Rwgi cwigvY 2 GK‡Ki Kg| H Rwg‡Z Zvi cwiev‡ii mKj m`m¨ KvR K‡i Rxebwbe©vn K‡ib| [wm. †ev. 21]
47. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ "K"-Gi K…wl LvgviwU †Kvb ai‡bi?
(K) evwYwR¨K (L) mgevqx (M) we‡klvwqZ (N) ¶z`ª
48. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ LvgviwUi ˆewkó¨ n‡jv-
i. Rxebwbe©vnx
ii. gzbvdvgzLx
iii. evwYwR¨K
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i (L) ii (M) iii (N) ii I iii
▪ DÏxcKwU c‡o 49 I 50 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
Rbve Kwei GKRb K…lK| Zvi cwiev‡ii m`m¨ msL¨v 4 Rb| ˆcZ„K m‚‡Î cÖvß GK LÛ Rwg‡Z wZwb cwiev‡ii m`m¨‡`i wb‡qB Pvlvev`
K‡ib Ges Zv w`‡qB cwiev‡ii fiY‡cvlY wbe©vn K‡ib| [g. †ev. 21]
49. DÏxc‡K †Kvb ai‡bi Lvgv‡ii K_v ejv n‡q‡Q?
(K) Rxeb wbe©vnx Lvgvi (L) eûgzLx Lvgvi (M) evwYwR¨K Lvgvi (N) wgkª Lvgvi
50. D³ Lvgv‡ii ˆewkó¨ n‡jv-
i. RxebaviY Kiv
ii. AwaK DØ„Ë m„wó Kiv
iii. e¨e¯’vcbv AmsMwVZ
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) i I iii (M) ii I iii (N) i,ii I iii
▪ DÏxcKwU co Ges 51 I 52 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
wg. 'K' Zvi 2 †Q‡j I ¯¿xmn K…wlKvR K‡i| Zvi 1 weNv Rwg‡ZB Pvlvev` K‡i RxweKv wbe©vn K‡i| [Xv.‡ev.19]
51. wg. 'K' Gi LvgviwU Kx ai‡bi Lvgvi?
(K) evwYwR¨K Lvgvi (L) ‡hŠ_ g‚jabx Lvgvi (M) mgevqx Lvgvi (N) Rxeb wbe©vnx Lvgvi
52. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ LvgviwU‡Z-
i. e¨e¯’vcbv A`¶
ii. gzbvdv nq
iii. QÙ‡ekx †eKvi we`¨gvb
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) i I iii (M) ii I iii (N) i,ii I iii
▪ wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 53 I 54 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
'X' GKRb K…lK| Zvi wbR¯^ Rwgi cwigvY 2 GK‡ii Kg| H Rwg‡Z Zvi cwiev‡ii mKj m`m¨ KvR K‡i fiY‡cvl‡Yi e¨e¯’v K‡ib|
[Xv. †ev. 17]
53. 'X'-Gi K…wl LvgviwU †Kvb ai‡bi?
(K) ¶z`ª (L) evwYwR¨K (M) mgevqx (N) we‡klvwqZ
54. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ LvgviwUi ˆewkó¨ n‡jv-
i. Rxebwbe©vnx
ii. gzbvdvgzLx
iii. QÙ‡ekx †eKvim¤úbœ
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i (L) i I ii (M) i I iii (N) i,ii I iii
▪ wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 55 I 56 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
kvgxg mv‡n‡ei mvgvb¨ cwigvY Rwg Av‡Q| G‡Z Pvl K‡i wZwb †h Avq K‡ib Zv Øviv †Kv‡bvfv‡e cvwievwiK e¨q †gUv‡Z cv‡ib wKš‘
†Zgb †Kv‡bv mÂq Ki‡Z cv‡ib bv| [wm. †ev. 16]
55. kvgxg mv‡n‡ei LvgviwU Kx ai‡bi?
(K) mgevq Lvgvi (L) evwYwR¨K Lvgvi (M) Rxebwbe©vnx Lvgvi (N) we‡klvwqZ Lvgvi
56. kvgxg mv‡n‡ei Lvgv‡ii †¶‡Î-
i. Pvlvev` c×wZ wPivPwiZ
ii. cvwievwiK †fvMB GKgvÎ D‡Ïk¨
iii. evRviRvZKiY cÖ‡qvRb nq
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) i I iii (M) ii I iii (N) i,ii I iii
mgvavb
1. K 2. L 3. K 4. L 5. K 6. M 7. M 8. L 9. N 10. K 11. L 12. K 13. L 14. K
15. L 16. M 17. M 18. M 19. K 20. L 21. K 22. K 23. K 24. K 25. N 26. M 27. K 28. N
29. M 30. L 31. M 32. L 33. K 34. L 35. M 36. L 37. M 38. K 39. L 40. N 41. L 42. K
43. L 44. N 45. N 46. L 47. N 48. K 49. K 50. L 51. N 52. L 53. K 54. M 55. M 56. K
K…wlc‡Y¨i wecYb (Marketing of Agricultural Products)
➢ mvaviYZ wecYb ev evRviRvZKiY ej‡Z cY¨`ª‡e¨i µq-weµq‡K wb‡`©k K‡i|
➢ j¨vwUb kã 'Makeatus' n‡Z Market kãwUi DrcwË| G 'Market' †_‡K 'Marketing' kãwU G‡m‡Q|
➢ K…lK‡`i KvQ †_‡K K…wlcY¨ †h cÖwµqvi gva¨‡g †fv³vi Kv‡Q †cŠuQvq †m cÖwµqv‡K K…wl c‡Y¨i wecYb e‡j|
➢ cwiKíbv cÖYqb, A_©‡hvMvb, Drcv`‡bi ci K…wlcY¨ msMÖnKiY, †kªwYwefvRb, bgybvqb, c¨vwKs, ¸`vgRvZKiY, cwienY, weÁvcY,
weµq, SzuwK MÖnY, gv‡bvbœqb, evRvi msµvšÍ Z_¨ msMÖn BZ¨vw` wewfbœ Kg©Kv‡Ûi mgvnvi‡K evRviRvZKiY cÖwµqv ev evRvi e¨e¯’v
e‡j|
➢ K…wlc‡Y¨i evRvi KvVv‡gv n‡jv-
• MÖvg→ cÖv_wgK evRvi→ gva¨wgK evRvi→ P‚ovšÍ evRvi
• Drcv`bKvix→ ga¨¯^Z¡‡fvMx → cvBKvwi e¨emvqx → LyPiv e¨emvqx → †fv³v
evsjv‡`‡k K…wlc‡Y¨i wecY‡bi mgm¨vmg~n
1. c‡Y¨i wb¤œgvb Ges c‡Y¨i †kªwYwefvM I bgybvKi‡Yi Afve: †`‡ki mKj ¯’v‡b Drcvw`Z K…wlc‡Y¨i gvb GKiƒc bq| wb¤œgv‡bi exR,
Drcv`bKv‡j cÖvK…wZK wech©q, KxUcZ‡½i AvµgY, msi¶‡Yi Afve BZ¨vw` Kvi‡Y K…wlc‡Y¨i ¸YMZ gvb wb¤œ nq| ZvQvov c‡Y¨i myôz
†kªwYwefvM, gvb wba©viY I kbv³Ki‡Yi Afv‡eI K…lKiv c‡Y¨i Dchy³ `vg cvq bv|
2. K…l‡Ki `wi`ªZv: G‡`‡ki K…lKiv `vwi‡`¨©i Kvi‡Y K…wlcY¨ ¸`vgRvZ ev msi¶Y bv K‡i dmj IVvi ciciB Zv wewµ K‡i †`b| d‡j
Zviv K…wlc‡Y¨i Dchy³ `vg †_‡K ewÂZ nb|
3. ga¨eZ©x e¨emvqx‡`i Aw¯ÍZ¡: K…wlcY¨ evRviRvZKiY cÖwµqvq `vjvj, dwoqv, †ecvwi, gRyZ`vi, AvoZ`viBZ¨vw` eû ai‡bi ga¨eZ©x
e¨emvqx †kªwYi Aw¯ÍZ¡ Av‡Q| GB ga¨eZ©x e¨emvqx‡`i Rb¨B K…lK c‡Y¨i †h `vgcvb Ges me©‡kl †fv³v †h `vg †`b Zvi g‡a¨ A‡bK
e¨eavb _v‡K| d‡j K…lK b¨vh¨ g~j¨ †_‡K ewÂZ nb|
4. AbybœZ cwienb e¨e¯’v: evsjv‡`‡k K…wlcY¨ wecY‡bi mgm¨vmg~n we‡kl K‡i cÖZ¨šÍ A‡ji K…lKiv AbybœZ cwienb e¨e¯’vi Rb¨ Zv‡`i
Drcvw`Z cY¨ kn‡i ev eo evwYwR¨K †K‡›`ª wb‡q †ewk `v‡g wewµ Ki‡Z cv‡ib bv| Zviv evwo‡ZB ev MÖv‡gi nvUevRv‡i Kg `v‡g
ga¨¯^Z¡‡fvMx‡`i Kv‡Q cY¨ wewµ K‡ib| d‡j K…lKiv K…wlc‡Y¨i Dchy³ `vg cvb bv|
5. K…wlc‡Y¨i evRvi m¤c‡K© AÁZv: evsjv‡`‡ki K…wlc‡Y¨i evRvi¸‡jv ci¯ci †_‡K wew”Qbœ| GRb¨ GKB cY¨ †Kv‡bv evRv‡i Pov `v‡g
Ges †Kv‡bv evRv‡i Kg `v‡g wewµ nq| G‡Z Kg `v‡gi evRv‡ii we‡µZv K…lKiv ¶wZMÖ¯Í nb|
6. ¸`vgRvZKiY I msi¶‡Yi Amyweav: `wi`ª K…lK‡`i K…wlcY¨ msi¶‡Yi Rb¨ ch©vß cwigv‡Y ¸`vgNi, wngvMvi BZ¨vw` †bB| G Kvi‡Y
Zviv dmj †Zvjvi †gŠmy‡gi ïiæ †_‡KB Kg `v‡g K…wlcY¨ wewµ Ki‡Z eva¨ nb|
7. wecYb F‡Yi Afve: K…wlcY¨ wecY‡bi wewfbœ ch©vq †hgb- msi¶Y, cwienb, cÖwµqvKiY BZ¨vw` †¶‡Î A‡_©i cÖ‡qvRb nq| wKš‘
K…lK‡`i Rb¨ Giƒc †Kv‡bv e¨e¯’v †bB wKsev _vK‡jI Zv cÖ‡qvR‡bi Zzjbvq LyeB Kg|
8. `v‡gi DÌvb-cZb: evsjv‡`‡k K…wlcY¨ wecY‡bi mgm¨vmg~n evsjv‡`‡k K…wlc‡Y¨i `vg Lye †ewk IVvbvgv K‡i| dmj IVvi †gŠmy‡g `vg
Kg _v‡K| Avevi †gŠmyg †k‡l hLb c‡Y¨i `vg †ek †e‡o hvq ZLb K…lK‡`i Kv‡Q weµq‡hvM¨ DØ„Ë cY¨ _v‡K bv| GRb¨I Zviv
¶wZMÖ¯Í nb|
9. ÎæwUc~Y© IRb I cwigvc e¨e¯’v : evsjv‡`‡k wewfbœ cÖKv‡ii IRb I cwigvc (‡mi gY, †KwR, KzB›Uvj) e¨e¯’v cÖPwjZ Av‡Q| A‡bK
†¶‡Î G¸‡jv ÎæwUc~Y© I cÖZviYvi gva¨g| d‡j K…lK cÖvqB ¶wZi wkKvi nb|
10. AcÖZzj evRvi myweav : †ewkifvM K…wlRvZ cY¨ MÖvgxY cÖv_wgK evRv‡i †Kbv-‡ePv nq| G evRv‡i †fŠZ AeKvVv‡gv LyeB `ye©j| ZvQvov
†Uvj Pvu`v †`qvi Kvi‡Y K…lKiv cY¨`ªe¨ wewµ K‡i b¨vh¨ `vg cvb bv| myZivs †`Lv hvq, evsjv‡`‡k K…wlc‡Y¨i evRvi e¨e¯’vq K…l‡Ki
AÁZv, evRvi Z‡_¨i Afve, bgybvKi‡Yi Afvemn bvbv ai‡bi mgm¨v we`¨gvb| †mRb¨B GLvbKvi K…lKiv mvaviYZ c‡Y¨i b¨vh¨ `vg
cvb bv|
➢ GQvov miKvwi bxwZi Afve, K…lK‡`i mymsMwVZ ms¯’vi Afve I cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi Afve BZ¨vw`|
K…wlcY¨ wecY‡b miKvi/iv‡óªi AskMÖnY/D‡`¨vM
➢ miKvi KZ©…K cÖZ¨ÿ I c‡ivÿfv‡e K…wl cY¨ Drcv`‡b cÖ‡qvRbxq mn‡hvwMZv cÖ`vb Ges †`‡ki Af¨šÍ‡i ev we‡`‡k G cY¨ µq-weµ‡qi
D‡`¨vM‡K ivóªxq wecbb e‡j|
(i) AeKvVv‡gv Dbœqb
(i) Drcv`bkxjZv e„w×
(iii) K…wlc‡Y¨i gvb wbqš¿Y
(iv) K…wl wegv cÖPjb
(v) DcKiY mnvqZv I fZ©zwK cÖ`vb
(vi) K…wl Z_¨ mvwf©m cÖ`vb
evsjv‡`‡k K…wlc‡Y¨i wecYb mgm¨v mgvav‡b iv‡óªi / miKv‡ii ¸iæZ¡
1. evwYwR¨K wfwˇZ K…wlKvR cwiPvjbv 9. GKB gv‡bi IRb I gv‡ci cÖeZ©b
2. c‡Y¨i †kªwYwefvM I gvb wba©viY 10. wewb‡qvM e„w×
3. ga¨eZ©x e¨emvqx‡`i we‡jvc mvab 11. MÖvgv‡j µq‡K›`ª ¯’vcb
[Link] I mywbqwš¿Z evRvie¨e¯’v 12. miKvwi D‡`¨v‡M †MvWvDb cÖwZôv
5. mgevq weµq mwgwZ MVb 13. K…wlc‡Y¨i evRvi m¤^‡Ü mwVK Lei cÖPv‡ii e¨e¯’v
6. Kg©ms¯’vb e„w× 14. c‡Y¨i ¸`vgRvZKiY I msi¶‡Yi e¨e¯’v
7. FY`vb 15. AvaywbK c×wZ‡Z Pvlvev`
8. me©wb¤œ `vg wba©viY 16. K…wlc‡Y¨i `vg w¯’wZkxjKiY
evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii K…wl wecYb bxwZ
➢ eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡ki K…wl wecYb bxwZ wb¤œiƒ‡c eY©bv Kiv n‡jv-
1. evRvi e¨e¯’vi Dbœqb: K…wl c‡Y¨i evRvi e¨e¯’vi Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ KwZcq Kvh©µg MÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q| G‡`i g‡a¨ K…wl c‡Y¨i †kªwYweb¨vm I
bgybvKiY, cvBKvwi evRvi Dbœqb, K…wl cÖwµqvRvZ wkí ¯’vcb cÖf…wZ|
2. evRvi wbqš¿Y: K…wl c‡Y¨i evRvi wbqš¿‡Yi `vwq‡Z¡ wb‡qvwRZ Av‡Q ÒK…wl wecYb wefvMÓ(Department of Agriculture Marketing
: DAM)| GUv K…wl gš¿Yvj‡qi Aaxb¯’ GKwU wefvM| evsjv‡`‡k eZ©gv‡b cÖvq 14,000wU cÖv_wgK I wØZxq ch©v‡qi K…wl c‡Y¨i evRvi
Av‡Q|
3. g~j¨ w¯’wZkxjKiY: K…wl wecYb wefv‡Mi gva¨‡g g~j¨ w¯’wZkxjKi‡Yi D‡Ï‡k¨ km¨ µq I weµ‡qi Kg©m~Px MÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q| dmj KvUvi
†gŠmy‡g miKvi wbw`©ó `v‡g km¨ µq K‡ib| Avevi evRv‡i Lv`¨ k‡m¨i `vg †ewk e„w× cvIqvi AvksKv †`Lv w`‡j †Lvjv evRv‡i km¨
wbw`©ó `v‡g wewµ Kiv nq| myôzfv‡e g~j¨ w¯’wZkxjKiY miKvi †hb cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cv‡i †m D‡Ï‡k¨ ÒK…wl g~j¨ KwgkbÓ (Agriculture
Price Commission : APC) bv‡g GKwU cÖwZôvb Pvjy K‡ib|
➢ †`‡ki K…wl wecYb bxwZi wZbwU D‡Ï‡k¨i K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| h_v-
(1) Drcv`K I †fv³v Df‡qi Rb¨ K…wl c‡Y¨i b¨vh¨g~j¨ wbwðZKiY, (2) Af¨šÍixY †fvM I ißvwbi Rb¨ K…wl c‡Y¨i DbœZ gvb eRvq
ivLv, I (3) K…wl c‡Y¨i Drcv`b I g~‡j¨i w¯’wZkxjZv i¶v|
Abykxjb Ask - 01 weMZ eQ‡i Avmv Abyavebg~jK cÖkœ
cÖkœ 1| 'K…lK‡`i `vwi`ª¨ K…wlcY¨ wecY‡bi cÖavb mgm¨v'- e¨vL¨v Ki| [iv. †ev. '21; e. †ev. '23]
cÖkœ 2| "ga¨¯^Z¡‡fvMx‡`i f‚wgKvi Kvi‡Y K…lKiv dm‡ji b¨vh¨g‚j¨ cvq bv| - e¨vL¨v Ki| [Xv. †ev. '18; h. †ev. '18; Kz. †ev. '21, '18;
wm. †ev. '18; e. †ev. '22; w`. †ev. 18]
cÖkœ 3| K…wlcY¨ wecY‡b `zwU cÖavb mgm¨v †jL| [h. †ev. '17]
Abykxjb Ask - 02 weMZ eQ‡i Avmv eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ
1. 'ÎæwUc‚Y© IRb e¨e¯’v' K…wl‡Z †Kvb ai‡bi mgm¨v m„wó K‡i? [P. †ev. '23]
(K) Drcv`‡bi mgm¨v (L) K…wlF‡Yi mgm¨v (M) K…wl DcKiY weZi‡Y mgm¨v (N) K…wl wecY‡bi mgm¨v
2. K…wlc‡Y¨i cvBKvwi evRvi †Kvb ch©v‡qi evRvi‡K wb‡`©k K‡i? [P. †ev. '22]
(K) MÖvg¨ (L) cÖv_wgK (M) gva¨wgK (N) P‚ovšÍ
3. evsjv‡`‡ki K…wlc‡Y¨i evRvi e¨e¯’v †Kvb ai‡bi? [g. †ev. 22]
(K) AvazwbK (L) DbœZ (M) ÎæwUc‚Y© (N) ‡fv³vevÜe
4. Drcv`bKvix → ga¨¯^Z¡‡fvMx → cvBKvwi e¨emvqx → LzPiv → e¨emvqx → †fv³v
cÖevn wPÎwU Kx wb‡`©k K‡i? [iv. †ev. '21; w`. †ev '21]
(K) wecYb c×wZ (L) Drcv`b c×wZ (M) µq c×wZ (N) msiÿY c×wZ
5. †KvbwU K…wlcY¨ wecY‡bi mgm¨v? [h.‡ev.21]
(K) AbzbœZ exR (L) eM©v Pvl (M) wb¤œgv‡bi cY¨ (N) DbœZ cwienY
6. K…wlcY¨ wecY‡bi m‡½ mswkøó Kvh©µg n‡jv-
i. A_©vqb
ii. ¸`vgRvZKiY
iii. evRvi AbzmÜvb
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) i I iii (M) ii I iii (N) i,ii I iii
7. evsjv‡`‡ki K…wlc‡Y¨i evRviRvZKi‡Yi mgm¨v n‡jv- [e, †ev, '22]
i. dwoqv I `vjv‡ji †`ŠivZ¥¨
ii. K…l‡Ki `vwi`ª¨Zv
iii. ÎæwUc‚Y© IRb I cwigvcK
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) i I iii (M) ii I iii (N) i,ii I iii
8. evsjv‡`‡ki K…wlRvZ cY¨ wecY‡bi mgm¨v¸‡jv n‡”Q- [Kz. †ev. '21]
i. cwienY e¨e¯’vi Afve
ii. mbvZb Pvlvev` c×wZ
iii. ¸`v‡gi Afve
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) ii I iii (M) i I iii (N) i,ii I iii
9. evsjv‡`‡k K…wl wecY‡bi mgm¨v n‡”Q- [P.‡ev.21]
i. AeKvVv‡gvMZ mgm¨v
ii. K…wlcY¨ msi¶‡Yi mgm¨v
iii. evRvi m¤ú‡K© aviYv bv _vKv
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) i I iii (M) ii I iii (N) i,ii I iii
▪ DÏxcKwU c‡o 10 I 11 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
Rbve ÔKÕ GKRb Mwie K…lK| Zvi GjvKvq AbybœZ cwienY I †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’v, Ach©vcÍ ¸`vgNi Ges ga¨¤^Z¡ †fvMx‡`i †kvl‡Yi
Kvi‡Y dm‡ji b¨vh¨ g~j¨ †_‡K wZwb ewÂZ n‡b| [g. †ev. '23]
10. Rbve 'K'-Gi mgm¨vwU †Kvb ai‡bi?
(K) K…wl cÖhzw³i e¨envi (L) km¨ eûgzLxKiY (M) K…wl DcKiY weZiY (N) K…wlcY¨ wecYb
11. Rbve 'K'-Gi mgm¨vwUi mzôz mgvavb n‡j-
i. `vjvj I dwoqviv jvfevb n‡e
ii. †fv³v hzw³msMZ `v‡g cY¨ µq Ki‡Z cvi‡e
iii. Rbve 'K' dm‡ji Dchz³ `vg cv‡eb
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) i I iii (M) ii I iii (N) i,ii I iii
▪ DÏxcKwU co Ges 12 I 13 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
evsjv‡`‡ki K…wlc‡Y¨i evRvi e¨e¯’v AbzbœZ, AmsMwVZ I ÎæwUc‚Y© nIqvq K…lK I †fv³v DfqB ¶wZMÖ¯Í nb| [Ky .‡ev. '22]
12. DÏxc‡K K…wlc‡Y¨i Kx wb‡`©k Kiv n‡q‡Q?
(K) wecYb e¨e¯’v (L) Drcv`b e¨e¯’v (M) µq e¨e¯’v (N) msi¶Y e¨e¯’v
13. evsjv‡`‡ki K…lK I †fv³v Df‡qB ¶wZMÖ¯Í nIqvi KviY-
i. ga¨¯^Z¡‡fvMx‡`i Dcw¯’wZ
ii. mbvZb c×wZi Pvlvev`
iii. ¸`v‡gi Afve
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) i I iii (M) ii I iii (N) i,ii I iii
▪ wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 14 I 15 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
Avmv` wgqvi K…wl Rwg‡Z G eQi PgrKvi djb nq| wKš‘ msi¶‡Yi ch©vß mz‡hvM bv _vKvq wZwb ¯^í`v‡g MÖvg¨ evR‡i Avjz wewµ K‡i
†`b| Avmv` wgqvi g‡Zv K…lK‡`i G ai‡bi mgm¨vi| mgvav‡b miKvi wKQz c`‡¶c MÖnY K‡i‡Q| [wm, †ev. '22]
14. Avmv` wgqv †h evRv‡i Avjz wewµ Ki‡jb Zv †Kvb ai‡bi evRvi?
(K) ¯’vbxq evRvi (L) RvZxq evRvi (M) AvšÍR©vwZK evRvi (N) g‚jab evRvi
15. miKv‡ii M„nxZ c`‡¶c n‡Z cv‡i-
i. K…wl wegv cÖPjb
ii. fZ©zwK cÖZ¨vnvi
iii. msi¶‡Yi e¨e¯’v †Rvi`viKiY
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) i I iii (M) ii I iii (N) i,ii I iii
▪ DÏxcKwU c‡o 16 I 17 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
wg. iwdK GKRb Avjz Pvwl| Zvi cÖPzi Avjz Drcv`b nq| wKš‘ dmj IVvi mv‡_B Zv‡K Kg `v‡g mg¯Í Avjz wewµ K‡i w`‡Z nq| K‡qK
gvm ci Avjzi `vg 5 ¸Y e„w× cvq| [P. †ev. '21]
16. wg. iwd‡Ki Kg `v‡g Avjz wewµi KviY bq †KvbwU?
(K) msi¶‡Yi mgm¨v (L) evRvi m¤ú‡K© iwd‡Ki c‚Y© Ávb (M) cwienY mgm¨v (N) iwd‡Ki `wi`ªZv
17. wg. iwdK b¨vh¨g‚j¨ †cZ, hw`-
i. ¸`vgRvZKi‡Yi mzweav _v‡K
ii. FY cwi‡kv‡ai ZvMv`v bv _v‡K
iii. Avjzi `vg c‚e©wba©vwiZ bv _v‡K
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) i I iii (M) ii I iii (N) i,ii I iii
▪ DÏxcKwU c‡o 18 I 19 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
Rbve dviæK cÖZ¨šÍ MÖv‡g evm K‡i| MZ K‡qK eQi Zvi MÖv‡g cÖPzi K…wlR cY¨ Drcv`b nq| †m c‡Y¨i evRvi `vg m¤ú‡K© AeMZ bq|
D³ MÖv‡g †Kv‡bv ¸`vgNi †bB Ges MÖv‡gi iv¯ÍvwU h‡_ó miæ| [g. †ev. 21]
18. Rbve dviæ‡Ki MÖv‡gi Drcv`b m¤úwK©Z mgm¨vwU †Kvb ai‡bi?
(K) K…wl‡Z cÖhzw³i cÖ‡qvM (L) K…wlF‡Yi cÖmvi (M) km¨ eûgzLxKiY (N) K…wlc‡Y¨i wecYb
19. Rbve dviæ‡Ki mgm¨vwUi mzôz mgvavb n‡jv-
i. K…wl cÖhzw³ D™¢veb
ii. ¸`vgNi wbg©vY
iii. cwienY I †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’vi Dbœqb
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) i I iii (M) ii I iii (N) i,ii I iii
▪ QKwU †`‡L 20 I 21 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
Drcv`bKvix → ga¨¯^Z¡‡fvMx → cvBKvwi e¨emvqx → LzPiv e¨emvqx → †fv³v
20. DcwiD³ wPÎwU Kx wb‡`©k K‡i? [iv. †ev. 17]
(K) msi¶Y c×wZ (L) µq c×wZ (M) wecYb c×wZ (N) Drcv`b c×wZ
21. Q‡Ki ga¨¯^Z¡‡fvMxi KvR n‡jv-
i. K…l‡Ki KvQ †_‡K mivmwi cY¨ µq Kiv
ii. Drcv`bKvix‡K KuvPvgvj mieivn Kiv
iii. †fv³v‡`i Kv‡Q †ewk `v‡g wewµ Kiv
wb‡Pi ‡KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) i I iii (M) ii I iii (N) i,ii I iii
▪ wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 22 I 23 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
Rbve iwdK Rwg‡Z cÖPzi avb Drcv`b K‡iI `‚‡ii evRv‡i miæ iv¯Ívi Rb¨ Zv wewµ Ki‡Z cvi‡Qb bv| evRv‡i av‡bi `vg m¤ú‡K©I
Zvi †Kv‡bv aviYv †bB| avb msi¶‡Yi †Kv‡bv e¨e¯’v bv _vKvq avb Drcv`‡b wZwb wbiærmvwnZ n‡”Qb| [h. †ev. 17]
22. DÏxcK Abzhvqx Rbve iwd‡Ki mgm¨v n‡jv-
(K) K…wl cÖhzw³i e¨envi (L) K…wl c‡Y¨i evRviRvZKiY (M) km¨ eûgzLxKiY (N) AbybœZ K…wl exR
23. Rbve iwd‡Ki mgm¨v mgvav‡bi Dcvq-
i. †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’vi Dbœqb
ii. DbœZ av‡bi exR D™¢veb
iii. ch©vß AeKvVv‡gv wbg©vY
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) i I iii (M) ii I iii (N) i,ii I iii
▪ wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 24 I 25 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
nvmvb mv‡ne Zvi Drcvw`Z K…wlc‡Y¨i Rb¨ cwiKíbv cÖYqb K‡ib, cwienb I ¸`vgRvZKi‡Yi e¨e¯’v K‡ib, gv‡bvbœq‡bi †Póv K‡ib
Ges weÁvcb cÖPvi K‡ib| wKš‘ m¤cÖwZ wewfbœ mgm¨vi Kvi‡Y wZwb Lze DwØMœ|
24. nvmvb mv‡n‡ei M„nxZ c`‡¶cmg‚n Kx bv‡g cwiwPZ?
(K) K…wlcY¨ Drcv`b (L) K…wlcY¨ wecYb (M) K…wlcY¨ weZiY (N) K…wl Dbœqb
25. nvmvb mv‡n‡ei DwØMœZvi KviY n‡jv- [e. †ev '17]
i. `wi`ª¨Zv
ii. Aw¯’wZkxj evRvi g‚j¨
iii. mwVK IRb I cwigv‡ci Afve
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) i I iii (M) ii I iii (N) i,ii I iii
▪ wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 26 I 27 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
cÖZ¨šÍ MÖv‡gi K…lK iwng-Gi Rwg‡Z Gevi AbzK‚j AvenvIqv I mzôz cwiPh©vi Kvi‡Y av‡bi ev¤úvi djb n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ MÖv‡gi evRv‡i
Avkvbziƒc `vg bv cvIqvq †m †Rjv m`‡ii Avo‡Z avb weµq Kivi wm×všÍ †bq| [w`. †ev. '16]
26. DÏxc‡K iwng †h evRv‡i avb weµq Ki‡eb Zv n‡jv-
(K) LzPiv evRvi (L) ¯’vbxq evRvi (M) cvBKvix evRvi (N) mgevq evRvi
27. DÏxc‡Ki av‡bi b¨vq Ab¨vb¨ K…wl c‡Y¨i wecY‡bi mgm¨v¸‡jv n‡”Q-
i. cwienY e¨e¯’vi Afve
ii. AvazwbK Pvlvev‡`i Afve
iii. ¸`vgRvZKi‡Yi Afve
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) i I iii (M) ii I iii (N) i,ii I iii
mgvavb
1. N 2. M 3. N 4. K 5. M 6. N 7. N 8. M 9. N 10. N 11. M 12. K 13. L 14. K
15. L 16. L 17. K 18. N 19. M 20. M 21. N 22. L 23. L 24. L 25. M 26. M 27. L -
K…wl Dbœq‡bi Kg©m~wPmg~n (Programmes of Agricultural)
▪ K…wlFY weZiY ▪ cwi‡ek `~lY Ges K…wl
▪ K…wl DcKiY weZiY ▪ cigvYy I ev‡qv‡UK‡bvjwR c×wZ I AvBwmwU e¨envi
▪ km¨ eûgyLxKiY ▪ K…wl cÖhyw³ D™¢veb DbœZ exR
▪ †mP myweav m¤cÖmviY
K…wl FY (Agricultural Credit)
➢ K…wl Kv‡Ri e¨q wbe©v‡ni Rb¨ K…lKiv †h FY MÖnY K‡i, Zv‡K K…wl FY e‡j|
➢ K…wlKv‡R myôz I my›`ifv‡e cwiPvjbv Kivi Rb¨ K…wlKv‡R e¨eüZ hš¿cvwZ, exR, mvi, KxUbvkK, f‚wg mgZjKiY, Lvj Lbb, Drcvw`Z
cY¨ evRviRvZKiY, wngvMvi wbg©vY, km¨exR- msi¶Y BZ¨vw` e¨q wbe©v‡ni Rb¨ K…lK †h FY MÖnY K‡i, Zv‡K K…wl FY e‡j|
➢ K…l‡Ki cÖ‡qvRb I D‡Ïk¨ Abyhvqx K…wl FY‡K Pvi fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq| h_v:
i) mg‡qi wfwˇZ, ii) D‡Ï‡k¨i wfwˇZ, iii) eÜKx Rvwg‡bi wfwˇZ, iv) e¨w³MZ G‡RwÝi wfwˇZ
• mg‡qi wfwˇZ K…wlFY‡K wZbfv‡M fvM Kiv hvq| h_v-
1. ¯^í‡gqvw` FY
➢ †h F‡Yi UvKv 15 gvm ev Zvi Kg mg‡qi g‡a¨ cwi‡kva Ki‡Z nq Zv‡K ¯^í‡gqvw` FY e‡j|
➢ exR, mvi, KxUbvkK Ilya, Miæ gwnl Lvevi BZ¨vw` µ‡qi Rb¨ ¯^í‡gqvw` FY MÖnY Kiv nq|
➢ G ai‡bi FY cÖvwZôvwbK I AcÖvwZôvwbK Drm †_‡K msMÖn K‡i|
2. ga¨‡gqvw` FY
➢ †h F‡Yi UvKv 15 gvm †_‡K ïiæ K‡i 5 eQ‡ii g‡a¨ cwi‡kva Ki‡Z nq Zv‡K ga¨‡gqvw` FY e‡j|
➢ Miæ, gwnl, ¶z`ª hš¿cvwZ µq Ges hš¿cvwZ †givgZ Kv‡Ri Rb¨ ga¨‡gqvw` FY MÖnY Kiv nq|
➢ gnvRb, AvZ¥xq-¯^Rb, mgevq mwgwZ I cÖvwZôvwbK e¨vsK G F‡Yi Drm|
3. `xN‡gqvw` FY
➢ †h F‡Yi UvKv 5 eQi †_‡K 20 eQ‡ii g‡a¨ cwi‡kva Ki‡Z nq Zv‡K `xN©‡gqvw` FY e‡j|
➢ Rwgi ¯’vqx Dbœqb, bjK‚c emv‡bv, Uªv±i µq, fvix hš¿cvwZ µq, cyiv‡bv FY cwi‡kva BZ¨vw` Kv‡Ri Rb¨ `xN©‡gqvw` FY MÖnY Kiv
nq|
➢ cÖ‡qvRb Abymv‡i evwYwR¨K I we‡klvwqZ e¨vsK †_‡K K…l‡Kiv G FY MÖnY K‡i|
• D‡Ï‡k¨i w`K †_‡K K…wl FY wZb cÖKvi| h_v-
1. Drcv`bkxj K…wl FY
➢ ‡h mKj FY Drcv`b †ÿ‡Î cÖZ¨¶fv‡e cÖfve we¯Ívi K‡i Zv‡K Drcv`bkxj K…wl FY e‡j|
➢ exR, mvi, KxUbvkK, Mfxi I AMfxi bjK‚c ¯’vcb, wngvMvi wbg©vY Rwgi ¯’vqx Dbœqb BZ¨vw` meB Drcv`bkxj FY|
➢ cÖvwZôvwbK Drm n‡Z G ai‡bi FY cvIqv hvq|
2. Abyrcv`bkxj FY
➢ gvgjv †gvKÏgv, †Q‡j †g‡q‡`i we‡q kvw`, ag©xq I mvgvwRK wewfbœ Abyôvb, Rb¥-g„Zy¨ BZ¨vw` KvR m¤cbœ Kivi Rb¨ K…lK †h FY
MÖnY K‡i Zv‡K Abyrcv`bkxj FY e‡j|
➢ G ai‡bi FY K…lK‡`i Drcv`b e„w× Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i bv|
➢ G ai‡bi FY gnvRb I f‚¯v^ gxi wbKU †_‡K msMÖn Kiv nq|
3. †fvM¨ FY
➢ eb¨v, Liv, N~wY©So, mvB‡K¬vb BZ¨vw` Kvi‡Y dm‡ji ¶wZ n‡j K…lK RxweKv wbe©v‡ni Rb¨ †h FY MÖnY K‡i Zv‡K †fvM¨ FY e‡j|
➢ †fvM¨ FY‡K Abyrcv`bkxj FYI ejv nq|
➢ G ai‡bi FY MÖvg¨ gnvRb, mvayKvi, f‚-¯^vgxi wbKU †_‡K D”P my‡`i nv‡i msMÖn Ki‡Z nq|
• eÜKxi w`K †_‡K K…wl FY‡K `yB fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq| h_v-
➢ Rwg eÜK †i‡L FY MÖnY|
➢ F‡Yi UvKv cwi‡kv‡ai wbðqZv cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ A¯’vei m¤cwËi AwZwi³ eÜK †i‡L FY MÖnY|
• e¨w³MZ FY
➢ eÜy-evÜe, AvZ¥xq¯^Rb, MÖvg¨ gnvRb, `vjvj, dwoqv, f‚-¯^vgx cÖf…wZ Gi KvQ †_‡K K…lK †h FY MÖnY K‡i Zv‡K e¨w³MZ FY e‡j|
• mvaviYZ K…wl F‡Yi Drm‡K `y fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq| h_v-
1. cÖvwZôvwbK Drm (AvbyôvwbK Drm I DcvbyôvwbK Drm)
2. AcÖvwZôvwbK Drm
• evsjv‡`‡ki F‡Yi Drmmg~n‡K wZb fv‡M fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q| h_v-
1. AbvbyôvwbK Drm (Informal sources)
2. DcvbyôvwbK Drm (Semi-formal sources)
3. AvbyôvwbK Drm (Formal sources)
• AbvbyôvwbK Drm ev AcÖvwZôvwbK Drm
➢ evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki AvBb-Kvbyb I k‡Z©i evB‡i e¨w³MZ ch©v‡q wbR¯^ wbqgvbyhvqx †h F‡Yi Av`vb-cÖ`vb nq Zv‡K F‡Yi AbvbyôvwbK
Drm ev AcÖvwZôvwbK Drm e‡j|
➢ AbvbyôvwbK F‡Yi cÖavb Drm¸‡jv wb¤œiƒc:
1. AvZ¥xq ¯^Rb I eÜy-evÜe 4. abx K…lK
2. MÖvg¨ gnvRb 5. `vjvj I e¨vcvwi
3. MÖvg¨ e¨emvqx I †`vKvb`vi 6. cÖwZ‡ekx cÖf…wZ|
• AvbyôvwbK Drm
➢ evsjv‡`‡ki †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki AvBb-Kvbyb I kZ©vewj Aax‡b Kg©iZ Avw_©K cÖwZôvb¸‡jv‡K F‡Yi AvbyôvwbK Drm e‡j|
➢ AvbyôvwbK F‡Yi Drmmg~n:
1. evsjv‡`k e¨vsK 6. mgevq FY`vb mwgwZ
2. evsjv‡`k K…wl e¨vsK 7. evsjv‡`k cwjø Dbœqb †evW©
3. evwYwR¨K e¨vsK 8. mgevq e¨vsK wjwg‡UW
4. f‚wg eÜKx e¨vsK 9. miKvi
5. ivRkvnx K…wl Dbœqb e¨vsK
• DcvbyôvwbK Drm
➢ †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki Aax‡b mvaviY Avw_©K cÖwZôvb wn‡m‡e bq Ggb †hme †emiKvwi cÖwZôvb wbR¯^ wbqg AbymiY K‡i FY cÖ`vb K‡i
Zv‡K DcvbyôvwbK F‡Yi Drm e‡j|
➢ F‡Yi DcvbyôvwbK Drmmg~n : 1. NGO I 2. MÖvgxY e¨vsK
K…wl DcKiY weZiY
▪ K…wl DcKi‡Yi fZz©wK cÖ`vb
➢ RbKj¨vY e„w×i Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq `ª‡e¨i Drcv`b e¨‡qi Askwe‡kl miKvi KZ©…K enb Kiv‡K fZ©zwK e‡j|
➢ fZ©wz K Kiv n‡j mswkøó `ªe¨wUi `vg Kg _v‡K| evsjv‡`‡k wewfbœ K…wl DcKiY †hgb K…wl hš¿cvwZ, mvi, KxUbvkK BZ¨vw` K…wl Drcv`b
e„w×i Rb¨ GKvšÍ cÖ‡qvRb| Gme DcKi‡Yi `vg †ewk _vK‡j K…lKiv †m¸‡jv cÖ‡qvRb gvwdK msMÖn I e¨envi Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| ZvB
miKvi Gme DcKiY Drcv`‡bi †¶‡Î fZ©zwK cÖ`vb K‡i, hv‡Z †m¸‡jvi `vg K…lK‡`i µq¶gZvi g‡a¨ _v‡K|
▪ K…wl DcKiY mnRjf¨KiY:
1. exR Drcv`b I weZiY
2. ivmvqwbK mvi weZiY
3. KxUbvkK Ilya mievin
▪ K…wl DcKiY mnvqZv KvW© weZiY
➢ 2010 mv‡ji †deªæqvwi gv‡m miKvi †b·Kvbvi AvUcvov Dc‡Rjvq GK K…lK mgv‡e‡k K…wl DcKiY mnvqZv KvW© weZiY Kg©m~wPi
D‡Øvab K‡i|
➢ D‡Ïk¨ (Objectives)
1. K…lK‡`i‡K webvg~‡j¨ K…wl DcKiY mieivn Kiv|, 2. fZ©zwKmn webvg~‡j¨ miKvi †NvwlZ mKj cÖKvi K…wl DcKiY mnvqZv wbwðZ
Kiv|, 3. †`‡k K…wl Drcv`b mvwe©Kfv‡e e„w× Kiv|, 4. K…wl‡Z †UKmB Dbœqb wbwðZ Kiv|
➢ DcKiY mnvqZv Kv‡W©i ˆewkó¨mg~n (Features of Card)
1. G Kv‡W© K…l‡Ki kbv³Kvix b¤^i D‡jøL _v‡K|, 2. G Kv‡W© K…l‡Ki wbR¯^ †gvU Rwgi cwigvY, PvlK…Z Rwgi cwigvc D‡jøL _v‡K|
3. wewfbœ FZz‡Z Avev`K…Z dm‡ji bvg, cÖ‡qvRbxq exR I mvimsµvšÍ Z_¨ mwbœ‡ewkZ _v‡K|
➢ Kv‡W©i myweav (Advantages of Card)
1. webvg~‡j¨ K…lK‡`i mvi, exR I civgk© mnvqZv cÖ`vb Kiv n‡”Q|, 2. K…lKiv fZ©zwK myweavi DcKiY e¨envi K‡i h‡_ó DcK…Z
n‡q‡Q|, 3. G Kv‡W©i gva¨‡g K…lK Zvi BwáZ DcKvi cv‡”Q|, 4. K…lKiv Avw_©Kfv‡e jvfevb n‡e Ges A‡_©i Ace¨envi †iva Kiv
m¤¢e n‡e|
km¨ eûgyLxKiY (Crop Diversification)
➢ GKB Lvgv‡i GKvwaK km¨ Drcv`b wKsev GKB Rwg‡Z wewfbœ FZz‡Z wewfbœ km¨ Drcv`b Kiv‡K km¨ eûgyLxKiY e‡j|
➢ km¨ eûgyLxKi‡Yi ¸iæZ¡ wb‡P †`Iqv n‡jv-
1. km¨ eûgyLxKiY Z_v Ôdmj PµÕ (Rotations of Crops) bxwZ Abymi‡Yi d‡j f‚wgi ¶q‡iva Kiv I Drcvw`Kvkw³ A¶zbœ ivLv
m¤¢e nq|
2. A‡bK Rwg‡Z GKB dmj eQ‡i `yevi Drcbœ Kiv m¤¢e nq bv| wKš‘ IB Rwg‡Z GKB eQ‡i `ywU wfbœ dmj Drcv`b Kiv m¤¢e|
3. km¨ eûgyLxKi‡Yi d‡j eQ‡ii wewfbœ mg‡q wewfbœ dmj Drcbœ Kiv nq| Gi d‡j kªg Pvwn`vi mylg eÈb m¤¢e nq|
4. km¨ eûgyLxKi‡Yi d‡j wewfbœ dm‡ji DcRvZ `ª‡e¨i mبenvi Kiv m¤¢e nq|
5. eûgyLx Lvgv‡i wewfbœ dmj Drcbœ nq| d‡j K…lK evievi GKB dmj Drcbœ Kiv GK‡N‡qwgi nvZ †_‡K i¶v cvq|
6. eûgyLx Lvgv‡i Drcvw`Z wewfbœ dm‡ji GKwU Ask K…lK Zvi wbR¯^ †fv‡Mi Rb¨ e¨envi K‡i| Gi d‡j cY¨ evRviRvZKi‡Y
cwienY LiP nªvm Kiv m¤¢e nq|
7. eûgyLx Lvgv‡i K…lK wewfbœ dmj Drcbœ K‡i e‡j mviv eQiB Av‡qi aviv cÖevwnZ _v‡K| Gi d‡j K…l‡Ki Av‡qi mylg eÈb nq|
8. eûgyLx Lvgv‡i K…lK wewfbœ dmj Drcbœ K‡i| d‡j †Kv‡bv Kvi‡Y GKwU dm‡ji ¶wZ n‡jI Ab¨vb¨ dm‡ji Øviv †m ¶wZ c~iY
Kiv m¤¢e nq| G Kvi‡Y eûgyLx Lvgv‡i SzuwKi cwigvY Kg|
†mP myweav m¤cÖmviY (Extension of Irrigation Facilities)
➢ Dw™¢‡`i Rb¥, ea©b I wµqv myôyfv‡e m¤úbœ Kivi Rb¨ Ges AwaK Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ †Kv‡bv km¨‡ÿ‡Z wbw`©ó cwigvY cvwb K…wÎg Dcv‡q
mieivn Kiv‡K †mP e‡j|
➢ wb‡Pi Q‡K †m‡Pi c×wZmg~n †`Lv‡bv n‡jv:
1. cÖvPxb c×wZ K~c, Lvj, †`vb, †nuBZ ev Szuwo c×wZ
2. AvaywbK c×wZ kw³PvwjZ cv¤ú, Mfxi, AvMfxi I n¯ÍPvwjZ bjK~c
➢ evsjv‡`‡ki K…wl‡Z †mP myweav m¤cÖmvi‡Yi cÖfve
1. †mP myweav m¤cÖmvi‡Yi gva¨‡g cwZZ ev Abye©i Rwg‡Z dmj Drcv`‡bi gva¨‡g †gvU Avev`‡hvM¨ Rwgi cwigvY e„w× cv‡”Q| †m‡Pi
gva¨‡g Drcvw`Z dm‡ji AvKvi Ges †gvU Drcv`b DfqB e„w× Kiv m¤¢e|
2. Rwg †m‡Pi gva¨‡g Acywói mgm¨v `~i Kiv hv‡”Q Ges Lv`¨ Avg`vwbRwbZ Kvi‡Y ciwbf©ikxjZv nªvm cv‡”Q|
3. †m‡Pi gva¨‡g Drcvw`Z ewa©Z dm‡ji GKvsk we‡`‡k ißvwb K‡i ˆe‡`wkK gy`ªv AR©b Kiv m¤¢e n‡”Q|
4. †mP myweavi gva¨‡g K…wlRvZ c‡Y¨i mieivn e„w× †c‡j evRv‡i Lv`¨g~j¨ w¯’wZkxj _v‡K|
5. †mP myweav m¤cÖmvi‡Yi gva¨‡g Drcv`b e„w× cvq| G‡Z AwaKvsk Rb‡Mvôxi Lv‡`¨i cÖvc¨Zv wbwðZ nq| d‡j Lv`¨ wbivcËv †Rvi`vi
Kiv m¤¢e nq|
6. AwZe„wó, Abve„wói nvZ †_‡K K…wl‡K i¶vi Rb¨ †mPe¨e¯’v ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f‚wgKv ivL‡Q|
7. †mP myweavi gva¨‡g Drcv`b e„w× †c‡j RvZxq Avq e„w× cvq|
cwi‡ek `~lY I K…wl (Environment and Environment Pollution)
➢ cwi‡e‡ki †gŠwjK Dcv`vb Z_v gvwU, cvwb I evqy hw` gbyl¨ m„ó I cÖvK…wZK Kvi‡Y `~l‡Yi ¯^xKvi nq Z‡e G‡K cwi‡ek `~lY e‡j|
➢ evsjv‡`‡ki K…wl‡Z cwi‡ek `~l‡Yi KviY: AwZwi³ RbmsL¨v, myôz cqtwb®‹vkb e¨e¯Ívi Afve, wkí KviLvbvi eR©¨, ebf~wg webvk, eb¨v
I Ab¨vb¨ cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©vM, jeYv³Zv, AwaK nv‡i Kve©b WvB A·vBW wbM©gb cÖf…wZ|
gbzl¨m„ó KviY
ebf‚wg aŸsm
cwi‡ek `‚lY Kve©b WvB-A·vBW (CO₂) wbM©gb
I‡Rvb ¯Íi (Ozone) nªvmKviK wMÖbnvDm M¨vm (CFC) D`MxiY
wek¦e¨vcx DòZv e„w× f‚Dcwifv‡Mi cvwb‡Z bvbv welv³ ivmvqwbK †hŠ‡Mi wgkªY
Rjevqz cwieZ©b
AwZe„wó eb¨v mvB‡K¬vb N‚wY©So R‡jv”Q¡vm Liv mgz`ªc„‡ôi D”PZv e„w×
c„w_exi wb¤œvÂj cvwbi wb‡P Zwj‡q hv‡e Lv`¨ msKU DØv¯‘ mgm¨v mvgvwRK Aw¯ÍiZv
wPÎ: gvbz‡li cwi‡ek `~lY I Gi djvdj
‰ewk¦K DòZv (Global Warming)
➢ f~-c„‡ôi ZvcgvÎv e„w×B n‡”Q ˆewk¦K DòZv|
➢ Kve©b WvB-A·vBW, wg‡_b, bvBUªvm A·vBW, †K¬v‡iv‡d¬v‡iv Kve©b BZ¨vw` M¨vmmg~‡ni wbM©gb I mÂvqb Ges NbgvÎv e„w×i gva¨‡g f~-
c„‡ôi ZvcgvÎv e„w× cvIqv‡K ˆewk¦K DòZv e‡j|
➢ ‰ewk^K DòZvi KviYmg~n n‡jv- wMÖb nvDm cÖfve (Green House Effect); ebf~wg aŸsm; Kve©b WvB-A·vBW, wg‡_b, bvB‡Uªv‡Rb I
†K¬v‡iv‡d¬v‡iv Kve©b M¨v‡mi e¨envi e„w×; evqygЇji IRb¯Íi ÿq; ‡iwd«Rv‡iUi I Gqvi KwÛkbvi-Gi e¨envi e„w×|
Rjevqy cwieZ©b (Climate Change)
➢ ‡h wbqvg‡Ki Øviv Rjevqyi Dcv`vb A_©vr ZvcgvÎv, e„wócvZ, evqycÖevn, Av`ª©Zv BZ¨vw` cwiewZ©Z nq Zv‡K Rjevqyi cwieZ©b e‡j|
➢ Rjevqy cwieZ©bKvix wbqvgK¸‡jv n‡jv A¶vsk, mgy`ª ‡_‡K ¯’jfv‡Mi `~iZ¡, mgy`ª ‡_‡K ¯’jfv‡Mi D”PZv, ebf~wg, f~wgi Xvj BZ¨vw`|
K…wl‡Z cwi‡ek `~lY, ‰ewk¦K DòZv I Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi mv‡_ Awf‡hvR‡bi Dcvq
➢ 'Awf‡hvRb' welqwU cwiewZ©Z cwiw¯’wZi mv‡_ Lvc LvB‡q Pjv‡K ‡evSvq|
➢ Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi cwiewZ©Z cwi‡e‡ki mv‡_ Zvj wgwj‡q Pjv A_ev ‡hme c`‡¶c MÖn‡Yi d‡j cwi‡ek cwieZ©‡bi ¶wZKviK cÖfve
KvwU‡q IVv mnR nq, Zv‡K Awf‡hvRb (Adaptation) ‡evSvq|
➢ ‡hgb, mgy`ªc„‡ôi D”PZv evo‡Z _vK‡j DcK~j eivei evua wbg©vY A_ev eb¨v wKsev Liv mn¨ Ki‡Z cv‡i Ggb ai‡bi avb Pvl Kiv|
➢ evsjv‡`‡k Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi SyuwK I wecbœZv ‡gvKv‡ejv Ki‡Z 7wU av‡c GKwU cÖwµqvi aviYv ‡`qv hvq| h_v- avc-1: Rjevqy SyuwK
wbiƒcY, avc-2: ¸iæZ¡ wba©viY I cwiKíbv MÖnY, avc-3: m‡PZbZv e„w×, avc-4: mK‡ji mv‡_ m¤úK© e„w×, avc-5: Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi
wecbœZv¸‡jv‡K mevi Kv‡Q Zy‡j aiv, avc-6: AwfÁZv I Z_¨ wewbgq Ges avc-7: Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi ‰ek¦wqK `vwqZ¡|
➢ cwi‡ek `~l‡Yi mv‡_ Awf‡hvR‡bi Rb¨ miKvi B‡Zvg‡a¨ bxwZ wba©viY I K‡qKwU AvBb cÖYqb K‡i‡Q| G¸‡jvi g‡a¨ RvZxq cwi‡ek
bxwZ (1992), RvZxq cwi‡ek G¨vKkb cøvb (1992), ebbxwZ (1994), ebvqb gv÷vi cøvb (1993-2012) BZ¨vw` cÖavb| D‡jøL‡hvM¨
AvB‡bi g‡a¨ grm¨ msi¶Y AvBb (1950), mvgyw`ªK Aa¨v‡`k (1983), evsjv‡`k eb¨ cÖvYx msi¶Y Av‡`k (1973), BU-‡cvov‡bvi
AvBb (1989) D‡jøL‡hvM¨| Gme AvBb wewfbœvfv‡e K…wl‡ZI cwi‡ek `~lY ‡iv‡a mnvqK|
➢ Kve©b wbtmi‡Y GwM‡q †hme †`k- Pxb, hz³ivóª, fviZ, BBD, ivwkqv BZ¨vw`|
K…wl cÖhyw³ (Agricultural Technology)
➢ ‡Kvb KvR Ki‡Z ‡h we`¨v, ‡KŠkj, c×wZ I hš¿cvwZ e¨eüZ nq Zv‡KB cÖhyw³ e‡j|
➢ K…wl Drcv`b evov‡bvi j‡¶¨ Gme DcKi‡Yi me©vwaK `¶Zvc~Y© e¨envi I cÖ‡qv‡Mi Kjv‡KŠkj‡K K…wl cÖhyw³ ejv nq|
➢ K…wl‡¶‡Î e¨eüZ Rwg, Rwgi ¸Yv¸Y, exR, mvi, hš¿cvwZ, KxUbvkK, cï-cvwL cvjb m¤úK©xq DcKiYmg~n cÖf…wZ n‡jv K…wl cÖhyw³i
¸iæZ¡c~Y© DcKiY|
➢ K…wl cÖhyw³i mv‡_ RwoZ Z_v K…wl Drcv`‡bi mv‡_ RwoZ K‡qKwU ¯Íi n‡jv: 1. f~wg Kl©Y, ‡mP I Zvi cÖ‡qvM; 2. exR ecY I Pviv
‡ivcY; 3. wbovwb, cwiPP©v; 4. dmj KvUv I gvovB; 5. dmj msiÿY ev ¸`vgRvZKiY; 6. km¨ cÖwµqvRvZKiYev evQvBKiY I 7.
km¨ evRviRvZKiY|
cigvYy kw³ I ‰Re cÖhyw³ (Atomic Energy and Bio-Technology)
➢ eZ©gv‡b km¨ Drcv`‡bi cwigvY e„w× Ges cïcvwL cvj‡b j¶Yxq AMÖMwZ AR©‡bi †h c×wZ AbymiY Kiv nq Zv cigvYy I
ev‡qv‡UK‡bvjwR c×wZ bv‡g cwiwPZ|
▪ cigvYy kw³ (Atomic Energy)
➢ cigvYy Øviv Drcvw`Z kw³‡K cigvYy kw³ e‡j|
➢ cvigvYweK ch©v‡q wewfbœ wewµqvi Kvi‡Y †h kw³ Drcvw`Z nq Zv‡KB cigvYy kw³ ejv nq|
➢ 1903 mv‡j Av‡b÷ iv`vi‡dvW© (Emest Rutherford) me©cÖ_g cvigvYweK kw³i K_v D‡jøL K‡ib|
➢ cvigvYweK kw³ n‡jv AYy ¶gZvi Drm, hv ‡UKmB cvigvYweK wewKi‡Yi gva¨‡g Zvc I we`y¨r Drcv`b K‡i|
▪ ‰Re cÖhyw³ (Bio-Technology)
➢ RxecÖhyw³ kãwU A_© Bs‡iwR Biotechnology k‡ãi evsjv cÖwZiƒc|
➢ Bio k‡ãi Rxeb Ges Technology k‡ãi A_© cÖhyw³|
➢ 1919 mv‡ji nv‡½ixq cÖ‡KŠkjx Kvj G‡iwK (Karl Ereky) me©c_Ö g Biotechnology kãwU e¨envi K‡ib|
➢ gvby‡li Kj¨v‡Y ‡Kv‡bv cÖvYx ev Dw™¢` ‡Kv‡li wR‡b wewfbœ Dcv`vb‡K Z_v DNA (Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid) Ges RNA
(Ribonucleic Acid)-Gi AvšÍtcwieZ©‡bi (ms‡hvRb ev we‡qvR‡b) gva¨‡g ‡gŠwjK Dw™¢` ev cÖvYxi AvKvi, AvK…wZ ev ‰ewkó¨
cwieZ©b mvab Kiv‡K ‰Re cÖhyw³ ev ev‡qv‡UK‡bvjwR (Biotechnology) e‡j|
➢ GwU fvBivm, e¨vK‡Uwiqv n‡Z ïiæ K‡i Dw™¢`, cÖvYx, AvaywbK wPwKrmvweÁvb, K…wl, wkí me©‡¶‡ÎB cÖ‡hvR¨ nq|
• Kxfv‡e cÖvYx ev Dw™¢‡`i ‰ewkó¨ cwieZ©b Kiv hvq?
➢ cÖvYx I Dw™¢` ‡Kv‡li wR‡b DNA Ges RNA wewfbœ ¶vi Dcv`vb _v‡K| GB DNA Ges RNA-Gi m¾v ev web¨vm‡K cwieZ©b
K‡i cÖvYx I Dw™¢‡`i ‰ewkó¨ cwieZ©b Kiv hvq| ‡hgb- UK eiB MvQ‡K DNA-Gi web¨vm cwieZ©b K‡i wgwó eiB Mv‡Q cwieZ©b Kiv
hvq| Avevi AbvKvw•LZ wRb‡K mwi‡q Kvw•ÿZ wRb cÖwZ¯’vcb K‡i dm‡ji Drcv`b e…w× Kiv hvq|
▪ K…wl‡Z cigvYy kw³ I ‰Re cÖhyw³ e¨env‡ii d‡j ‡hme myweav cvIqv hvq-
1. wUmy¨KvjPvi cÖhyw³i gva¨‡g mg¸Yag©x AmsL¨ AYyPviv m…wó (gvB‡µv‡cÖvcv‡Mkb)|
2. AvMvQv I KxUcZ½ cÖwZ‡ivax RvZ Dbœqb|
3. AwaK mv‡jvKms‡kølYKvix I AwaK cwigvY bvB‡U«v‡Rb mseÜbKvix Dw™¢` m…wó|
4. AwaK ‡cÖvwUb, wfUvwgb, ‡jŠn mgwš^Z dm‡ji ¸YMZgvb Dbœqb|
5. ‰Re mvi ‰Zwi I Zvi e¨envi|
6. Bwi, wewi BZ¨vw` D”Pdjbkxj Rv‡Zi avb Drcv`b|
7. GKB cyKy‡i wbw`©ó Abycv‡Z wewfbœ ai‡bi gvQ Pvl, ‡hgb- iæB, KvZjv, g…‡Mj BZ¨vw`|
8. AwaK wWg cÖ`vbKvix (Layer) gyiwM Ges AwaK gvsm wewkó ‡gviM-gyiwM Drcv`b|
9. Miæ ‡gvUv ZvRvKiY c×wZ‡Z AwaK gvsm wewkó Miyi Drcv`b|
10. ‡K¬vwbs c×wZ‡Z ‡fov, Bu`yi, e¨vO, Miymn A‡bK cÖvYxi Rb¥|
11. wUmy¨ KvjPvi A_©vr Dw™¢` ev cÖvYxi ‡Kvl ev wUmy¨i ÿz`ª Ask ‡`‡ni evB‡i mRxe ‡i‡L e…w× NUv‡bv|
Z_¨ I ‡hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ Ges Gi e¨envi
(Information and Communication Technology and its Usage)
➢ ‡Kv‡bv wel‡q M‡elYvi Rb¨ Dcv‡Ëi cÖ‡qvRb| DcvË (Data) cÖwµqvKi‡Yi ci wbw`©ó Pvwn`vi ‡cÖw¶‡Z ‡h myk…•Lj djvdj cvIqv hvq
Zv n‡jv Z_¨ (Information)| Avi Zv e¨w³ I cÖwZôv‡bi ¯^v‡_© Zv‡`i Pvwn`v Abyhvqx cwi‡ekb KivB n‡jv ‡hvMv‡hvM
(Communication)| myZivs Z_¨ ivLv Ges Zvi cwi‡ekbB n‡jv Z_¨ I ‡hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³|
• I‡qemvBU ‡_‡K K…wl-msµvšÍ wewfbœ Z_¨ I ‡mev cvIqv hvq:
K…wl m¤úªmviY Awa`ßi: [Link]
K…wl gš¿Yvjq: [Link]
weGwWwm: [Link]
evsjv‡`k avb M‡elYv Bbw÷wUDU (BRRI): [Link]
K…wl Z_¨ mvwf©m: [Link]
▪ K…wl‡¶‡Î AvBwmwUi e¨envi
➢ AvBwmwUi gva¨‡g K…lKiv Kw¤cDUv‡ii mvnv‡h¨ N‡i e‡mB K…wl Drcv`‡bi wewfbœ welq m¤c‡K© me©‡kl Z_¨ I Ávbjvf Ges D™¢vweZ
Kjv‡KŠkj I Zvi cÖ‡qvM m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cv‡i|
➢ AvBwmwU e¨envi K‡i K…lKiv K…wl m¤cwK©Z wb‡¤œv³ welq¸‡jv m¤^‡Ü AewnZ n‡Z cv‡i:
1. AvenvIqv m¤c‡K© c~e©vbygvb Kiv, e„wócvZ, So, ZvcgvÎv, evZv‡mi Av`ª©Zv m¤c‡K© Rvb‡Z cv‡i|
2. Pvlvev‡`i †¶‡Î bZzb bZzb c×wZ I Kjv‡KŠkj m¤c‡K© Rvb‡Z cv‡i|
3. K…wlc‡Y¨i Pvwn`v I †hvMvb Ges gRy` cwiw¯’wZ ch©‡e¶‡Yi my‡hvM|
4. Rwgi ¸Yv¸Y Abyhvqx mvi e¨envi, dmj‡f‡` mvi e¨envi Ges wewfbœ ai‡bi mvi m¤c‡K© ÁvZ nIqv hvq|
5. gvwUi ¸Yv¸Y Abymv‡i Pv‡li Rb¨ dmj wbe©vPb Kiv|
6. wewfbœ ch©v‡q K…wlc‡Y¨i `vg nªvm-e„w×i cÖeYZv m¤c‡K© AewnZ nIqv|
7. †`kxq I AvšÍRv© wZK evRv‡i K…wlc‡Y¨i `v‡gi Zzjbvg~jK Ae¯’v Rvbv|
8. Dw™¢` cwiPh©v Ges km¨ I Dw™¢` †ivM cÖwZ‡laK|
9. D™¢vweZ bZzb Rv‡Zi km¨exR m¤c‡K© Rvbv|
10. km¨ Pv‡l cvwbi wgZe¨qx e¨envi m¤c‡K© mRvM nIqv|
11. wbqgvbyhvqx KxUbvkK e¨envi Kiv|
12. K…wlcY¨ ¸`vgRvZKiY I msi¶‡Yi e¨e¯’v|
13. K…wlKv‡R miKvwi I †emiKvwi mnvqZv|
14. cïcvwLi wewfbœ †ivM Ges †m¸‡jvi cÖwZ‡laK m¤^‡Ü Ávbjvf|
K…wl cÖhyw³ D™¢veb: DbœZ exR (Innovation of Agricultural Technology: Nourished Seed)
➢ mvaviY A‡_© Dw™¢` Rb¥v‡bvi Rb¨ Dw™¢‡`i ‡h Ask e¨envi Kiv nq Zv‡K exR e‡j|
➢ Dw™¢` ZË¡ Abymv‡i Dw™¢‡`i wbwl³ I cwic° wW¤^K‡K exR ejv nq|
➢ Dw™¢‡`i eske„w×i gva¨g n‡”Q exR| ‡hgb- avb, cvU BZ¨vw` G ai‡bi exR‡K Dw™¢` ZvwË¡K exRI ejv nq|
➢ K…wl cÖhyw³ D™¢veb ej‡Z K…wl e¨e¯’vq DbœZgv‡bi ‡KŠkj, Awai Drcv`bkxj gvbm¤§Z exR, DbœZgv‡bi ivmvqwbK mvi e¨env‡i dmj
Drcv`b e„w× Kiv‡K ‡evSvq|
➢ Ddkx cÖhyw³ K…wlc‡Y¨i Drcv`b e„w×i Rb¨ AwaK djbkxj exR, KvwiMwi cwieZ©b, DbœZ ‡mP e¨e¯’v, Pvlvev‡` ‡¶‡Î bZyb c×wZ,
ivmvqwbK mvi BZ¨vw` e¨env‡ii Øviv K…wl e¨e¯’vi Avg~j cwieZ©b mvwaZ nq| G cÖhyw³‡Z Kvh©Kix Kivi j‡¶¨ D™¢veb nq AwaK
djbkxj exR|
➢ 1960 Gi meyR wecø‡ei (Green Revolution) ci wdwjcvB‡bi g¨vwbjvq Aew¯’Z 'AvšÍR©vwZK avb M‡elYv cÖwZôvb' (IRRI) K…wl‡Z
me©cÖ_g DbœZ exR, ivmvqwbK mvi Ges AvaywbK hš¿cvwZ e¨env‡ii gva¨‡g Drcv`b e„w×i j‡¶¨ D”P djbkxj cÖhyw³ (Ddkx cÖhyw³)
ev High Yielding Variety Technology (HYV Technology) cÖ‡qv‡Mi wm×všÍ ‡bq| A‡b‡K G cÖhyw³‡K 'mvi-‡mP-exR
cÖhyw³' e‡j _v‡K|
➢ International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) Gi b¨vq 1970 mv‡j cÖwZwôZ MvRxcy‡i evsjv‡`k avb M‡elYv Bbw÷wUDU
(BRRI) evsjv‡`‡ki K…wl Dbœq‡b D”P djbkxj exR D™¢ve‡bi gva¨‡g e¨vcK mdjZv G‡b w`‡q‡Q|
➢ weª G ch©šÍ cÖvq 106wU Ddkx I nvBweªW avbexR D™¢veb K‡i‡Q, ‡`‡k nvBweªW av‡bi Avev` cÖPjb nq 1998 mv‡j|
➢ miKvwi-‡emiKvwifv‡e G ai‡bi RvZ D™¢veb n‡q‡Q 218wU| hv avb Z_v Lv`¨k‡m¨i ev¤úvi djb NUv‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i‡Q|
➢ K…wl gš¿Yvjq, evsjv‡`k K…wl Dbœqb K‡c©v‡ikb (BADC), K…wl m¤úªmviY Awa`ßi (DAE) Ges wKQy ‡emiKvwi ms¯’v ‡hgb- eª¨vK
cÖwkKv, Avkv K…wlexR D™¢ve‡b I Dbœq‡b KvR K‡i hv‡”Q|
▪ evsjv‡`‡k K…wl AvaywbKxKiY ev K…wl cÖhyw³Ki‡Yi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv
➢ evsjv‡`‡k K…wli AvaywbKxKi‡Yi ¸iæZ¡ Acwimxg| K…wlcÖavb †`k n‡qI Avgv‡`i we‡`k n‡Z ev`¨km¨ Avg`vwb Ki‡Z nq| myZivs
Dchy³ cÖhyw³ e¨envi K‡i Awej‡¤^ G‡`‡k K…wli djb e„w× Kiv `iKvi| wb‡P evsjv‡`‡ki K…wl‡Z DbœZ cÖhyw³ e¨env‡ii ¸iæZ¡ Av‡jvPbv
Kiv n‡jv-
1. Drcv`b e„w× 7. †mPe¨e¯’vi Dbœqb
2. `ªæZ wkívqb 8. cÖK…wZi Ici wbf©ikxjZv nªvm
3. Kg Rwg 9. km¨ msi¶Y
4. bZzb Rv‡Zi km¨exR D™¢veb 10. Mevw` cïi Afve
5. Rjve× Rwg 11. wbweo Pvl
6. D”Pdjbkxj avb Pvl 12. A_©‰bwZK Dbœqb
Abykxjb Ask - 01 weMZ eQ‡i Avmv Abyavebg~jK cÖkœ
cÖkœ 39| K…wl‡¶‡Î AvBwmwU Kxfv‡e e¨eüZ nq? [Xv. †ev, '23]
cÖkœ 40| evsjv‡`‡ki K…wl FY e¨e¯’v AbvbzôvwbK Drm¸‡jvi Ici †ewk wbf©ikxj †Kb? [Xv. †ev. '23]
cÖkœ 41| K…wl‡Z DbœZ cÖhzw³ e¨env‡i Kxfv‡e Drcv`b LiP nªvm cvq? [iv. †ev. '23]
cÖkœ 42| '‰ewk¦K DòZv dmj Drcv`b K‡g hvIqvi KviY'- e¨vL¨v Ki| [Kz. †ev. '23]
cÖkœ 43| 'K…wli Rb¨ FY MÖnY AZ¨vek¨K'- e¨vL¨v Ki| [P. †ev. '23]
cÖkœ 44| K…wlc‡Y¨i Drcv`b e„wׇZ Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhzw³ Kxfv‡e f‚wgKv cvjb Ki‡Z cv‡i? [wm. †ev. '23]
cÖkœ 45| K…lKiv †Kb FY MÖnY K‡i?[g. †ev. '23]
cÖkœ 46| km¨ eûgzLxKiY wK Lv`¨ NvUwZ c‚iY K‡i? - e¨vL¨v Ki| [Xv. †ev. '22, '21]
cÖkœ 47| "‰ewk¦K DòZv e„w× K…wli Ici †bwZevPK cÖfve †d‡j"- e¨vL¨v Ki| [Xv. †ev. '22; iv. †ev. '21, '17; h. †ev. '23; P. †ev. '22;
wm. †ev. '23]
cÖkœ 48| cwi‡ek `‚lY †Kb nq? [iv. †ev. '22]
cÖkœ 49| km¨ eûgzLxKi‡Yi d‡j Kg©ms¯’vb Kxfv‡e cÖfvweZ nq? [wm. †ev. '22]
cÖkœ 50| K…l‡Kiv FY MÖnY K‡i †Kb? [h. †ev. '21; e. †ev. '22; w`. †ev. '23]
cÖkœ 51| mnR k‡Z© FY cÖvwß K…wl Dbœq‡b mnvqK- e¨vL¨v Ki| [w`. †ev. '22]
cÖkœ 52| †fvM¨ FY I Abzrcv`bkxj F‡Yi g‡a¨ `zwU cv_©K¨ †jL| [Xv. †ev. '21]
cÖkœ 53| "D”P djbkxj exR K…wl Drcv`b e„wׇZ mnvqKÓ - e¨vL¨v Ki| [h. †ev. '21]
cÖkœ 54| mgevq MVb Kxfv‡e K…wl Dbœq‡b mnvqZv K‡i? [Kz. †ev. '21]
cÖkœ 55| K…wl RvZxq Dbœq‡b mnvqZv K‡i- e¨vL¨v Ki| [Xv. †ev, '21; P. †ev. '21; w`. †ev. '21]
cÖkœ 56| "evsjv‡`‡ki K…lKiv cÖvwZôvwbK F‡Yi mzweav †_‡K ewÂZ nq- e¨vL¨v Ki| [Xv. †ev. '17; P. †ev. '21;wm. †ev. '21; e. †ev. '17]
cÖkœ 57| cwi‡ek `‚lY Kxfv‡e K…wl Drcv`‡b cÖfve †d‡j? [g. †ev. '21]
cÖkœ 58| `xN©‡gqvw` K…wl FY K…wl Dbœq‡bi wfwË-e¨vL¨v Ki| [iv. †ev. '18; P. †ev. '18; Kz. †ev. '18; e. †ev. '18]
cÖkœ 59| K…wlLv‡Yi Drm¸‡jv Kx Kx? [wm. †ev. '17]
cÖkœ 60| km¨ eûgzLxKi‡Yi d‡j wK Lv`¨ NvUwZ †`Lv w`‡Z cv‡i? e¨vL¨v Ki| [w`. †ev. 17]
cÖkœ 61| K…wl cwi‡e‡ki Ici wbf©ikxj- e¨vL¨v Ki| [w`. †ev. '17]
Abykxjb Ask - 02 weMZ eQ‡i Avmv eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ
1. Bio-technology k‡ãi A_©- [Xv.‡ev.23;g.‡ev.23]
(K) K…wl cÖhzw³ (L) ‰Re cÖhzw³ (M) A‰Re cÖhzw³ (N) AvazwbK cÖhzw³
2. cwi‡ek `~l‡Yi cÖv_wgK mgm¨v Kx? [Xv. †ev. '23]
(K) DòZv e„w× (L) Lv`¨ msKU (M) DØv¯‘ mgm¨v (N) ¯^v¯’¨ mgm¨v
3. wb‡Pi †Kvb Drm †_‡K evsjv‡`‡ki K…lKiv †ewk FY MÖnY K‡i? [iv.‡ev.23]
(K) evsjv‡`k K…wl e¨vsK (L) AvZ¥xq¯^Rb (M) abx K…lK (N) GbwRI
4. †KvbwU Drcv`bkxj FY? [Kz. †ev. '23]
(K) K…wl (L) ‡fv³v (M) hz× (N) wbw¯Œq
5. HYV Technology-Gi c‚Y©i‚c Kx? [Kz. †ev. '23, '22]
(K) High Yielding Varity Technology (L) High Yielding Variety Technology
(M) High Yielding Veriety Technology (N) High Yielding Vareity Technology
6. evsjv‡`‡ki K…wlF‡Yi DcvbzôvwbK Drm †KvbwU? [P.‡ev.23]
(K) ‡mvbvjx e¨vsK (L) evsjv‡`k e¨vK (M) ivRkvnx K…wl Dbœqb e¨vsK (N) MÖvgxY e¨vsK
7. †KvbwU Rjevqz cwieZ©‡bi KviY? [wm.‡ev.23]
(K) ZvcgvÎv e„w× (L) gvwUi jeYv³Zv e„w× (M) mgz`ªc„‡ôi D”PZv e„w× (N) eb¨cÖvYx wbab
8. km¨ eûgzLxKi‡Yi d‡j †KvbwU N‡U? [wm.‡ev.16;w`.‡ev.23]
(K) Drcv`b SzuwK e„w× cvq (L) cywóKi Lv`¨ Drcv`b K‡g (M) miKv‡ii e¨q e„w× cvq (N) gvwUi De©iZv e„w× cvq
9. evsjv‡`‡ki K…wlF‡Yi DcvbzôvwbK Drm †KvbwU? [g.‡ev23]
(K) mgevq e¨vsK (L) evsjv‡`k K…wl e¨vsK (M) abx K…lK (N) MÖvgxY e¨vsK
10. HYV Technology ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? [Xv.‡ev. 16: iv.‡ev, '26; Kz. †ev, '21]
(K) Z_¨cÖhyw³ (L) Ddkx cÖhzw³ (M) cigvYz cÖhzw³ (N) ˆRe cÖhzw³
11. mg‡qi wfwˇZ K…wlFY KZ cÖKvi? [wm, †ev. 22]
(K) 2 (L) 3 (M) 4 (N) 5
12. evsjv‡`‡ki K…wlF‡Yi AcÖvwZôvwbK Drm †KvbwU? [Ky. †ev. '21, wm, †ev, '22; w`. †ev. '16]
(K) evwYwR¨K e¨vsK (L) evsjv‡`k K…wl e¨vsK (M) MÖvg¨ gnvRb (N) evsjv‡`k cjøx Dbœqb †evW©
13. GKB Lvgv‡q GKvwaK km¨ Drcv`b Kiv‡K Kx e‡j? [e. †ev. '22]
(K) km¨ eûgzLxKiY (L) wbweo Pvl c×wZ (M) mgwš^Z Pvl c×wZ (N) GKvwaK Pvl c×wZ
14. 'AvZ¥xq-¯^Rb eÜz-ev܇ei wbKU †_‡K FY MÖnY'- K…wl F‡Yi †Kvb ai‡bi Drm? [w`.‡ev.22]
(K) DcvbzôvwbK (L) AvbzôvwbK (M) AbvbzôvwbK (N) cÖvwZôvwbK
15. evsjv‡`‡ki K…wlF‡Yi Drm KqwU? [g. †ev, '22]
(K) 2 (L) 3 (M) 4 (N) 5
16. IT g‚jZ msw¶ß iƒc- [Xv. †ev, '21]
(K) Information Technology (L) Information and Computer Technology
(M) Information and Communication Technology (N) Information and Cooperation Technology
17. BSTI-Gi KvR Kx? [Xv. †ev. '21]
(K) c‡Y¨i gvb wbqš¿Y Kiv (L) b¨vh¨g‚‡j¨ cY¨ weµq Kiv (M) hvbevn‡bi jvB‡mÝ †`Iqv (N) `vwi`ª¨ we‡gvPb Kiv
18. †Kv‡bv Rxe‡K gvbeKj¨v‡Y cÖ‡qv‡Mi cÖhzw³‡K Kx ejv nq? [iv. †ev. 21]
(K) K…wl cÖhzw³ (L) ‰Re cÖhzw³ (M) wUmz¨ KvjPvi (N) †mwiKvjPvi
19. TCB-Gi KvR Kx? [iv, †ev, '21]
(K) Lv‡`¨i †fRvj cÖwZ‡iva Kiv (L) ZvgvK wbqš¿Y Kiv
(M) cwienY e¨e¯’v wbqš¿Y Kiv (N) b¨vh¨g‚‡j¨ cY¨ weµq Kiv
20. †KvbwU K…wl cÖhzw³i Dcv`vb? [h. †ev. 21]
(K) mvi (L) kªg (M) cwiKíbv (N) AvenvIqv
21. K…wlF‡Yi AcÖvwZôvwbK Drm bq †KvbwU? [e. †ev. '21]
(K) MÖvg¨ gnvRb (L) AvZ¥xq¯^Rb I eÜzevÜe (M) MÖvg¨ e¨emvqx I †`vKvb`vi (N) evsjv‡`k cwjø Dbœqb †evW©
22. ˆewk¦K DòZv e„w×i Rb¨ `vqx m‡e©v”P wMÖb nvDR M¨vm wbM©gbKvix †`k †KvbwU? [g.‡ev.21]
(K) fviZ (L) hz³ivóª (M) ivwkqv (N) Pxb
23. Bio Technology kãwU KZ mv‡j cÖ_g e¨eüZ nq? [w`. †ev. '19]
(K) 1917 (L) 1918 (M) 1919 (N) 1920
24. †KvbwU ˆewk¦K DòZv Øviv cÖfvweZ bq? [Kz. †ev. 17]
(K) mgz`ªc„‡ôi D”PZv e„w× (L) jeYv³Zvi nvi e„w× (M) f‚wgK¤ú (N) mvB‡K¬vb
25. evsjv‡`‡ki K…wlF‡Yi DcvbzôvwbK Drm †KvbwU? [wm. †ev, '17]
(K) evsjv‡`k K…wl e¨vsK (L) mgevq e¨vsK (M) ivRkvnx K…wl Dbœqb e¨vsK (N) MÖvgxY e¨vsK
26. 'Biotechnology' kãwU me©cÖ_g ‡K cÖPjb K‡ib? [iv. †ev. '16]
(K) Kvj© gv·© (L) Kvj© GwiK (M) Kvj© †dªWwiK (N) Kvj© _gvm
27. mg‡qi wfwˇZ K…wl FY KZ cÖKvi? [w`. †ev. 16]
(K) 2 (L) 3 (M) 4 (N) 5
28. ˆewk¦K Dòvq‡bi Rb¨ g‚jZ `vqx †K? [iv, †ev, '19]
(K) m‚h© (L) eid (M) gvbzl (N) mgz`ª
29. Rjevqz cwieZ©‡bi d‡j- [h.‡ev.23]
i. ˆewk¦K DòZv nªvm cvq
ii. Drcv`b nªvm cvq
iii. Rxe‰ewPΨ aŸsm nq
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) i I iii (M) ii I iii (N) i,ii I iii
30. km¨ eûgzLxKi‡Yi d‡j- [Kz. †ev, '23]
i. gvwUi De©iZv e„w× K‡i
ii. Lv`¨ msK‡Ui SzuwK nªvm K‡i
iii. kªwgK‡`i `¶Zv nªvm cvq
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) ii I iii (M) i I iii (N) i,ii I iii
31. cvigvYweK K…wl cÖhzw³i gva¨‡g m¤¢e-
i. Dw™¢` I cÖvYxi †ivM wbY©q
ii. km¨ exR msi¶‡Yi ¯’vqxZ¡ evov‡bv
iii. ˆRe mvi cÖ¯‘Z
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) i I iii (M) ii I iii (N) i,ii I iii
32. Rjevqz cwieZ©‡bi d‡j- [iv.‡ev 23]
i. ˆewk¦K DòZv nªvm cvq
ii. ˆewk¦K DòZv e„w× cvq
iii. ˆewk¦K DòZvi Dci cÖfve abvZ¥K
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) ii I iii (M) i I iii (N) i,ii I iii
33. km¨ eûgzLxKi‡Yi d‡j-[h. †ev. '22]
i. Drcv`b e„w× cv‡e
ii. K…l‡Ki Avq e„w× cv‡e
iii. Rwgi De©iZv e„w× cv‡e
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) i I iii (M) ii I iii (N) i,ii I iii
34. K…wl‡Z ICT-Gi e¨envi n‡”Q- [ iv.†ev.'22]
i. K…wlFY cÖvw߇Z
ii. K…wlwelqK mgm¨v wPwýZKi‡Y
iii. K…wlwelqK mgm¨v mgvav‡b
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) i I iii (M) ii I iii (N) i,ii I iii
35. km¨ eûgzLxKi‡Yi d‡j-[h. †ev. '21]
i. K…wl Drcv`b e„w× cvq
ii. wkíLvZ weKwkZ nq
iii. Rwgi De©iZv nªvm cvq
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) i I iii (M) ii I iii (N) i,ii I iii
36. km¨ eûgzLxKi‡Yi gva¨‡g-[Kz.†ev. '21]
i. Lv`¨ NvUwZ c‚iY m¤¢e
ii. bZzb Rv‡Zi dmj Drcv`b m¤¢e
iii. GK k‡m¨i cwie‡Z© GKvwaK km¨ Drcv`b m¤¢e
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) i I iii (M) ii I iii (N) i,ii I iii
37. evsjv‡`‡k Ddkx cÖhzw³ m¤cÖmvi‡Yi c‡_ evav-[`e. †ev. '21]
i. e„n`vqZb Lvgvi
ii. ch©vß mv‡ii Afve
iii. wk¶vi Afve
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) i I iii (M) ii I iii (N) i,ii I iii
38. evsjv‡`‡k K…wl Dbœq‡b D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Kg©m‚wP n‡”Q- [w`. †ev, '21, '17]
i. K…wl FY weZiY
ii. K…wl DcKiY weZiY
iii. km¨ eûgzLxKiY
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i I ii (L) i I iii (M) ii I iii (N) i,ii I iii
39. Rjevqz cwieZ©‡b d‡j-[iv. †ev. '17]
i. ˆewk¦K DòZv e„w× cvq
ii. ˆewk¦K DòZv nªvm cvq
iii. ˆewk¦K DòZvi Dci †Kv‡bv cÖfve c‡o bv
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i (L) ii (M) iii (N) i,ii I iii
40. mg‡qi wfwˇZ K…wl FY wb‡Pi †KvbwU? [h. †ev. '17]
i. ¯^íKvjxb
ii. `xN©Kvjxb
iii. AwZ `xN©Kvjxb
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) i I iii (M) ii I iii (N) i,ii I iii
41. K…l‡Kiv AvbzôvwbK Drm †_‡K FY MÖnY K‡i-[h. †ev. '16]
i. exR I mvi µq Ki‡Z
ii. †m‡Pi e¨e¯’v Ki‡Z
iii. f‚wgnxb K…l‡Kiv cwiev‡ii fiY‡cvlY Ki‡Z
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) i I iii (M) ii I iii (N) i,ii I iii
42. K…wl‡¶‡Î ICT †Kb e¨envi Kiv nq?
i. c‡Y¨i evRviRvZKi‡Y
ii. K…wl welqK mgm¨v mgvav‡b
iii. K…wl welqK mgm¨v wPwýZKi‡Y
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) ii I iii (M) i I iii (N) i,ii I iii
▪ DÏxcKwU c‡o 43 I 44 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
cjvk Zvi K…wl Lvgv‡i †Kv‡bv Rwg cwZZ iv‡L bv| evRv‡i K…wl c‡Y¨i Pvwn`v Abymv‡i †m wfbœ wfbœ mgq wfbœ wfbœ dmj Pvl K‡i| G‡Z
†m Lye jvfevb nq| [Kz. †ev, '23]
43. cjv‡ki Pvl c×wZ n‡jv-
(K) wgkª Pvl (L) km¨ eûgzLxKiY (M) evwYwR¨K Pvl (N) AvZ¥‡ZvlYKvix Pvl
44. D³ Pvl c×wZi D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv-
i. Drcv`b LiP Kgv‡bv
ii. gvwUi czwó¸Y wVK ivLv
iii. wbweo c×wZ‡Z Pvlvev` Kiv
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) i I iii (M) ii I iii (N) i,ii I iii
▪ DÏxcKwU c‡o 45 I 46 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
mvZ¶xiv †Rjvi †ejvj mv‡ne avb Pvl Ki‡Z mgm¨vq coZ| wKš‘ eZ©gv‡b 'X' cÖhzw³‡Z D™¢vweZ jeYv³ mwnòz avb Pvl K‡i mdjZv
†c‡q‡Q| [Kz. †ev, '23]
45. 'X' cÖhzw³ n‡jv-
(K) cvigvYweK K…wl cÖhzw³ (L) ˆRe cÖhyw³ (M) Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhzw³ (N) mvi-‡mP-exR cÖhyw³
46. K…wl‡Z 'X' cÖhzw³ e¨env‡ii d‡j- [Kz. †ev. '23]
i. cÖwZK‚j AvenvIqv cÖwZ‡ivax km¨ Drcv`b nq
ii. ev‡qvdvwg©s km¨ Drcv`b nq
iii. cÖvK…wZK `z‡h©v‡Mi c‚e©vfvm Rvbv hvq
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) i I iii (M) ii I iii (N) i,ii I iii
▪ wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 47 I 48 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
g‚jZ Riæwi K…wl DcKiY µq, K…wlc‡Y¨i evRviRvZKiY Ges †m‡Pi LiP †hvMv‡Z K…lK‡`i FY MÖnY Ki‡Z nq| Ab¨vb¨ cÖwZôv‡bi
cvkvcvwk K…wl I K…l‡Ki K_v wPšÍv K‡i evsjv‡`k miKviI G Lv‡Z wbiew”Qbœ FY weZiY Kvh©µg Ae¨vnZ †i‡L‡Q| [Xv. †ev, '22]
47. wb‡¤œi †KvbwU DwjøwLZ FY e¨e¯’vi me‡P‡q eo Drm?
(K) GbwRI (L) abx K…lK (M) AvZ¥xq-¯^Rb (N) mgevq mwgwZ
48. ewY©Z KZ©„c¶mg‚‡ni wbiew”Qbœ D‡`¨v‡Mi d‡j-
(K) Lv`¨ wbivcËv wbwðZ n‡e (L) cÖvwšÍK I f‚wgnxb K…lK evo‡e
(M) A_©‰bwZK cÖe„w× evavMÖ¯Í n‡e (N) ga¨¯^Z¡‡fvMx‡`i †`ŠivZ¥¨ evo‡e
▪ DÏxcKwU c‡o 49 I 50 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
¯’vbxq K…wl Kg©KZ©vi civg‡k© ivRz Zvi 30 kZvsk Rwg‡Z FZz†f‡` Avjz, ev`vg, cvU, avb Pvl K‡ib| [iv.‡ev.21]
49. ivRzi Rwg‡Z Pvlvev‡`i aib Kx?
(K) D”P djbkxj (L) evwYwR¨K Pvl (M) km¨ eûgzLxKiY (N) wgkª Pvl
50. D³ Pvl c×wZi D‡Ïk¨-
i. Drcv`b LiP Kgv‡bv
ii. gvwUi czwó wVK ivLv
iii. AvMvQv Kgv‡bv
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) i I iii (M) ii I iii (N) i,ii I iii
▪ DÏxcKwU c‡o 51 I 52 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
A_©‰bwZK GK †mwgbv‡i Rvgvb mv‡ne ej‡jb, "Avev`‡hvM¨ Rwgi cwigvY cÖwZeQi nªvm cv‡”Q| K…wl‡Z Ggb cÖhzw³ e¨en‚Z n‡”Q hv
Øviv K…lKiv K…wl mgm¨v mgvavb, KxUbvkK cÖ‡qvM- †KŠkj Ges cÖvK…wZK `z‡h©v‡Mi c‚e©vfvm Rvb‡Z cv‡i| [Ky ,†ev, '21]
51. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ cÖhzw³wU n‡jv-
(K) ‰Re cÖhzw³ (L) cvigvYweK K…wl cÖhzw³ (M) AvBwmwU (N) DbœZ exR
52. K…wl‡Z D³ cÖhzw³ e¨envi Kivi KviY n‡jv-
i. c‡Y¨i evRviRvZKiY
ii. K…wlwelqK mgm¨v mgvavb
iii. K…wlwelqK mgm¨v wPwýZKiY
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) i I iii (M) ii I iii (N) i,ii I iii
▪ DÏxcKwU c‡o 53 I 54 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
mvRz 'X' cÖhzw³‡Z D™¢vweZ jeYv³Zv mwnòz exR e¨envi K‡i DcK‚jxq GjvKvq avb Pvl K‡i‡Q Ges GKB Rwg‡Z mviv eQi K‡qK
Rv‡Zi dmj Drcv`b K‡i AwaK Avq Ki‡Q| [e.†ev,'21]
53. DÏxc‡K 'X' bvgK cÖhzw³ †KvbwU?
(K) cvwb †mP (L) ‰Re cÖhzw³ (M) ICT (N) km¨ eûgzLxKiY
54. mvRzi e¨eüZ †KŠkjwUi Kvi‡Y-
i. Drcv`b eû¸Y evo‡e
ii. SzuwKi gvÎv evo‡e
iii. Rwgi De©iZv msiw¶Z n‡e
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) i I iii (M) ii I iii (N) i,ii I iii
▪ DÏxcKwU co Ges 55 I 56 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
dRi Avjx GKRb K…lK| G eQi Zvi Rwg‡Z cÖPzi avb Drcv`b n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ `vg Kg _vKvq †m evRv‡i avb wewµ Ki‡Z cvi‡Q bv|
[e. †ev. 19]
55. dRi Avjx †Kvb ai‡bi mgm¨vi m¤§zLxb?
(K) km¨ eûgzLxKiY (L) K…wl cÖhzw³ D™¢veb (M) K…wl DcKiY weZiY (N) K…wlc‡Y¨i wecYb
56. dRi Avjxi mgm¨vwUi mzôz mgvavb n‡j-
i. wZwb av‡bi Dchz³ `vg cv‡eb
ii. †fv³v hzw³msMZ `v‡g Zv µq Ki‡Z cvi‡e
iii. ga¨¯^Z¡‡fvMxiv mzdj †fvM Ki‡e
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) i I iii (M) ii I iii (N) i,ii I iii
▪ wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 57 I 58 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
K…lK mvjvg mv‡ne Zvi Rwg‡Z cici wZbevi avb Pvl K‡i‡Qb| wKš‘ cÖwZev‡iB Zvi djb K‡g‡Q| G eQi bZzb K‡i Avev` Kivi
g‡Zv ch©vß UvKv Zvi nv‡Z †bB| eÜz iwdK mv‡ne Zv‡K ej‡jb, "Zzwg miKvwi KvW© Kiwb †Kb? ZvQvov Zzwg G Ae¯’vq †dv‡b K_v
ej‡Z cvi|" [h. †ev. 16]
57. mvjvg mv‡n‡ei av‡bi Drcv`b Kgvi KviY Kx?
(K) ‡mP mgm¨v (L) DbœZ exR mgm¨v (M) km¨ eûgzLxKi‡Yi Afve (N) Rwgi ¯^íZv
58. iwdK mv‡n‡ei e³e¨ Abzmv‡i mvjvg mv‡ne miKvi †_‡K †Kvb ai‡bi mzweav †c‡Z cv‡ib?
(K) ‡fv³v FY I DcKiY mnvqZv (L) ÎvY mnvqZv (M) FY I civgk© mnvqZv (N) M„nwbg©vY FY mnvqZv
▪ wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 59 I 60 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
gviæd Zvi K…wl Lvgv‡i wewfbœ †gŠmz‡g wfbœ wfbœ dmj Pvl K‡i| G‡Z Zvi Rwg KL‡bv †d‡j ivL‡Z nq bv| mviv eQi Zvi Lvgvi n‡Z
Avq n‡Z _v‡K| d‡j †m Lze mzLx| [Kz.‡ev 16]
59. gviæ‡di Pvl c×wZ n‡jv-
i. km¨ eûgzLxKiY
ii. wbweo Pvl c×wZ
iii. mbvZb Pvl c×wZ
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) i I iii (M) ii I iii (N) i,ii I iii
60. DÏxc‡K m„ó djvdj n‡jv- [Ky. †ev. '16]
i. K…wl Drcv`b e„w×
ii. Pvwn`v c‚iY
iii. De©iZv kw³ msi¶Y
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) i I iii
(M) ii I iii (N) i,ii I iii
▪ wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 61 I 62 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
Kvgvj mv‡ne wbR M„‡n ˆZwi Wvqwiqv cÖwZ‡ivax m¨vjvBb AbjvBb weµq gva¨g 'Kvgvj WUKg' G weµ‡qi D‡Ï‡k¨ cÖPvi K‡iwQ‡jb|
djkªæwZ‡Z wZwb D³ c‡Y¨i A‡bK AW©vi †c‡qwQ‡jb Ges cieZ©x‡Z GwU Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhzw³i Kj¨v‡b mviv we‡k¦ Qwo‡q c‡o|
[P. †ev. 16]
61. DÏxc‡Ki welqwU wb‡¤œi †Kvb aviYv‡K mg_©b K‡i?
(K) AvšÍR©vwZK evwYR¨ (L) cY¨ I †mevi Aeva cÖevn
(M) Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhzw³i weKvk (N) wek¦vqb
62. D³ wel‡qi myweav n‡jv-
i. Drcv`b e„w× cvq
ii. †gav cvPvi nq
iii. `ªe¨g~j¨ n«vm cvq
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) i I iii `(M) ii I iii (N) i,ii I iii
mgvavb
1. L 2. K 3. L 4. K 5. L 6. N 7. K 8. N 9. N 10. L 11. L 12. M 13. K
14. M 15. L 16. K 17. K 18. L 19. N 20. K 21. N 22. N 23. M 24. M 25. N 26. L
27. L 28. M 29. L 30. K 31. N 32. L 33. N 34. M 35. K 36. L 37. M 38. N 39. K
40. K 41. K 42. N 43. L 44. N 45. L 46. K 47. K 48. K 49. M 50. N 51. M 52. N
53. L 54. L 55. N 56. K 57. M 58. M 59. K 60. N 61. N 62. L - - -
weMZ eQ‡i Avmv Ávbg~jK cÖkœ
cÖkœ 1| K…wl Kx? [Xv. †ev. '22; iv. †ev, '21: Kz. †ev. '21; wm. †ev. '22, '17]
DËi: K…wl n‡jv Ggb GKwU m„wó m¤úwK©Z KvR hv f‚wgKl©Y, exRecb, Dw™¢` cwiPh©v BZ¨vw` †_‡K ïiæ K‡i Drcvw`Z cY¨ msi¶Y I
evRviRvZKiY ch©šÍ we¯Í„Z|
cÖkœ 2| K…wlKvR Kx? [w`. †ev. '22]
DËi: K…wlKvR n‡jv Ggb GKwU m„wó m¤úwK©Z KvR hv f‚wgKl©Y, exR ecb, Dw™¢` cwiPh©v BZ¨vw` †_‡K ïiæ K‡i Drcvw`Z cY¨ msi¶Y I
evRviRvZKiY ch©šÍ we¯Í„Z|
cÖkœ 3| K…wl KvVv‡gv Kx? [iv. †ev. '21]
DËi: †`‡ki A_©bxwZ‡Z K…wli Ae¯’v I ¸iæZ¡, Drcv`‡bi D‡Ïk¨, f‚wg¯^Z¡ e¨e¯’v, Lvgv‡ii AvqZb BZ¨vw` wb‡q MwVZ K…wl Lv‡Zi mvwe©K
Ae¯’vB K…wl KvVv‡gv|
cÖkœ 4| K…wli DcLvZ KqwU? [w`. †ev. 22]
DËi: K…wli DcLvZ cÖavbZ 4wU|
cÖkœ 5| K…wli DcLvZ¸‡jv Kx Kx? [iv. †ev. '16; wm. †ev. '21: w`. †ev, 17]
DËi: K…wli DcLvZ 4wU| h_v: 1. km¨ I kvKmewR LvZ, 2. cÖvwYR m¤ú`, 3. ebR m¤ú` I mnvqK †mev, 4. grm¨ m¤ú`
cÖkœ 6| wgkª Lvgvi Kx? [h. †ev. '21; P. †ev. '23]
DËi: †h Lvgv‡ii GKvs‡k dmj Drcv`b K‡i Ges Ab¨ As‡k cï cvjb Kiv nq Zv‡K wgkª Lvgvi e‡j| hz³ivóª, KvbvWv, BD‡iv‡c Giƒc
Lvgvi i‡q‡Q|
cÖkœ 7| Av`k© Lvgvi Kx? [e. †ev. '23]
DËi: cÖPwjZ cÖhzw³ e¨env‡ii gva¨‡g †h cwigvY Rwg‡Z GKwU dv‡g©i GKicÖwZ me©vwaK Drcv`b cvIqv hvq Ges Drcvw`Z dm‡ji Avq
n‡Z K…lK I Zvi cwievi m‡šÍvlRbKfv‡e RxweKv wbe©vn K‡i Rxebhvc‡bi mz‡hvM cvq, †m cwigvY Rwg‡K Av`k© Lvgvi e‡j|
cÖkœ 8| K…wl‡RvZ Kx? [Xv. †ev. '22, '21, '18; iv. †ev. '23; h. †ev. 21, '18; Kz. †ev. '21; P. †ev. '21, '17; wm. †ev. '18; w`. †ev. '18]
DËi : K…lK †h AvqZ‡bi Rwgi Ici K…wlKvR cwiPvjbv K‡i Zv‡K K…wl‡RvZ e‡j|
cÖkœ 9| K…wl Lvgvi Kx? [h. †ev. '19, '17; Kz. †ev. '17; P. †ev. '21; wm. †ev. '21; e. †ev. '21; w`. †ev. '21; g. †ev. '22]
DËi: mvaviYZ GKRb K…l‡Ki Aax‡b †h cwigvY Rwg Pvlvev` Kiv nq ZvB K…wl Lvgvi|
cÖkœ 10| Rxeb wbe©vnx Lvgvi Kv‡K e‡j? [Xv. †ev. '21; iv. †ev. '21, '18; h. †ev. '17; P. †ev. '17, '18; Kz. †ev. '18; wm. †ev. '23; e.
†ev. '18; g. †ev. '23]
DËi: Rxeb wbe©vnx Lvgvi ej‡Z †h Lvgvi cvwievwiK kªg I Dcv`vb e¨envi K‡i cwiev‡ii Pvwn`v c‚i‡Yi Rb¨ Lvgvi cwiPvwjZ nq Zv‡K
†evSvq|
cÖkœ 11| †hŠ_ Lvgvi Kx? [Kz. †ev. '21]
DËi: K‡qRKRb K…lK wb‡R‡`i Rwg I g‚ja‡bi mgš^‡q †h Lvgvi cwiPvjbv K‡i, ZvB n‡jv †hŠ_ Lvgvi|
cÖkœ 12| AvZ¥‡ZvlY Lvgvi Kv‡K e‡j? [g. †ev. '21]
DËi: †h Lvgv‡i Drcvw`Z dm‡ji Avq n‡Z †Kv‡bv K…lK I Zvi cwievi †gvUvgzwU m‡šÍvlRbKfv‡e RxweKv wbe©v‡n m¶g nq, Zv‡K
AvZ¥‡ZvlY Lvgvi e‡j|
cÖkœ 13| evwYwR¨K Lvgvi Kv‡K e‡j? [iv. †ev. '19]
DËi: †h Lvgv‡i evwYwR¨K D‡Ï‡k¨ e„n`vqZb Drcv`b cwiPvwjZ nq Zv‡K evwYwR¨K Lvgvi e‡j|
cÖkœ 14| K…wl‡Z fZ©zwK Kx? [iv. †ev. '22]
DËi: K…lK‡`i K…wl DcKiYmn K…wli wewfbœ cÖ‡qvRb †gUv‡bvi Rb¨ miKvi †h fZ©zwK cÖ`vb K‡i Zv‡K K…wlfZ©zwK ejv nq|
cÖkœ 15| K…wlc‡Y¨i wecYb Kx? [Xv. †ev. '23, '21, 19; iv. †ev. '19; h. †ev. '23, '22; P. †ev. '22; wm. †ev. '19, '17; e. †ev. '19; w`.
†ev. '19, '17]
DËi: K…wlc‡Y¨i wecYb ej‡Z K…wlcY¨ msMÖn, ¸`vgRvZKiY, bgzbvKiY, SzuwK enb BZ¨vw` Kvh©vewj‡K †evSvq|
cÖkœ 16| cwi‡ek `‚lY Kx? [h. †ev. '21; P. †ev. '23]
DËi: cwi‡e‡ki †gŠwjK Dcv`vb Z_v gvwU, cvwb I evqz hw` gbzl¨ m„ó I cÖvK…wZK Kvi‡Y `‚l‡Yi wkKvi nq Z‡e Zv‡K cwi‡ek `‚lY e‡j|
cÖkœ 17| gvkiæg Kx? [w`. †ev. '23; g. †ev. '21]
DËi : gvkiæg AZ¨šÍ mz¯^v`z, czwóKi I Jlwa ¸Ym¤úbœ mewR|
cÖkœ 18| GDP-‡Z K…wli †Kb DcLv‡Zi Ae`vb †ewk? [P. †ev. '16]
DËi : GDP-‡Z K…wli km¨ DcLv‡Zi Ae`vb †ewk|
cÖkœ 19| ev‡qv‡UK‡bvjwR Kx? ? [Xv. †ev. '23]
DËi: †h cÖhzw³i mvnv‡h¨ †Kv‡bv Rxe‡Kvl, AYzRxe ev Zvi Askwe‡kl e¨envi K‡i bZzb †Kv‡bv ˆewkó¨m¤úbœ Rx‡ei D™¢veb ev DcRvZ
`ªe¨ cÖ¯‘Z Kiv hvq, Zv‡K ˆRe cÖhzw³ e‡j|
cÖkœ 20| ˆRe cÖhzw³ Kx? [Kz. †ev. '23; w`. †ev. '21]
DËi: †h cÖhzw³i mvnv‡h¨ †Kv‡bv Rxe‡Kvl, AYzRxe ev Zvi Askwe‡kl e¨envi K‡i bZzb †Kv‡bv ˆewkó¨m¤úbœ Rx‡ei D™¢veb ev DcRvZ
`ªe¨ cÖ¯‘Z Kiv hvq, Zv‡K ˆRe cÖhzw³ e‡j|
cÖkœ 21| km¨ eûgzLxKiY Kx? [Xv. †ev. '17; Kz. †ev. '23, '22;P. †ev. '21; wm. †ev. '23; e. †ev. '23, '22, '17; w`. †ev. '23, '21; g. †ev.
'23]
DËi: km¨ eûgzLxKiY ev Multiculture n‡jv ïaz GKwU dm‡ji Ici wbf©i bv K‡i eQ‡ii wewfbœ mgq AvenvIqv I cÖhzw³MZ mzweav
we‡ePbv K‡i GKB Rwg‡Z GKvwaK dmj Drcv`b Kiv|
cÖkœ 22| K…wlFY Kx? [Xv. †ev. '17; iv. †ev. '23; Kz. †ev. '22, '19;wm. †ev. '22, '21; e. †ev. '21; w`. †ev. '21; g. †ev. '22, '21]|
DËi: mvaviYZ K…wlKv‡Ri Ici †h FY mnR k‡Z© cÖ`vb Kiv nq ZvB K…wlFY|
cÖkœ 23| K…wl cÖhzw³ Kx? [P. †ev. '22]
DËi: K…wlcÖhzw³ n‡jv K…wlc‡Y¨i Drcv`b, e¨envi, msi¶Y I evRviRvZKi‡Yi D‡Ï‡k¨ AvazwbK weÁvbm¤§Z c×wZ, †KŠkj I hš¿cvwZi
e¨envi|
weMZ eQ‡i Avmv Abyavebg~jK cÖkœ
cÖkœ 1| mbvZbx K…wl KvVv‡gv ej‡Z Kx †evS? e¨vL¨v Ki| [h. †ev. '21]
DËi: cwiev‡ii m`m¨‡`i Øviv mbvZb c×wZ‡Z †h Pvlvev` Kiv nq Zv‡K mbvZb K„wl KvVv‡gv e‡j|
mbvZbx K„wl KvVv‡gvi ˆewkó¨ n‡jv- RxebaviY‡Kw›`ªK Pvlvev`; gB, jv½j, ej` e¨envi K‡i cªvPxb Pvlvev` c×wZ; †ewkifvM f~wgnxb I
cªvwšÍK K„lK; cªK„wZwbf©i Pvlvev`; cwiev‡ii m`m¨‡`i Øviv mbvZb e¨e¯’vcbvq ¯^í g~jab LvwU‡q Pvlvev`|
cÖkœ 2| K„wl cwi‡e‡ki Ici wbf©ikxj-e¨vL¨v Ki| [w`. †ev. '17; g. †ev. '22]
DËi: gvbyl †h cvwicvwk¦©K Ae¯’vi g‡a¨ emevm I Zvi KvRKg© cwiPvjbv K‡i ZvB n‡jv cwi‡ek| f~cªK„wZ, gvwU, MvQcvjv, b`b`x, Rjevqy,
AvenvIqv, Drcv`‡bi †¶Î BZ¨vw` cwi‡e‡ki Dcv`vb| Gme Dcv`vb Qvov K„wl m¤¢e bq ZvB K„wl cwi‡e‡ki Ici wbf©ikxj|
cÖkœ 3| evsjv‡`‡ki K„wl †gŠmywg evqyi Ici wbf©ikxj- e¨vL¨v Ki| [e. †ev. '21]
DËi: evsjv‡`‡ki K„wl †gŠmywg evqy Z_v cwi‡e‡ki Ici wbf©ikxj| evsjv‡`‡ki K„lK GL‡bv dmj Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ e„wói A‡c¶vq _v‡K|
cªZ¨šÍ AÂj¸‡jv‡Z Pvlc×wZ GL‡bv mbvZb c×wZ ev gvÜvZv Avg‡ji| Dbœqbkxj †`k nIqvq K„wl‡Z AvaywbK cªhyw³i e¨envi †Zgb
†Pv‡L c‡o bv| ZvB ejv hvq, evsjv‡`‡ki K„wl †gŠmywg evqyi Ici wbf©ikxj|
cÖkœ 4| 'K„wl RvZxq Dbœq‡b mnvqK'- e¨vL¨v Ki| [Xv.†ev.'21:P.†ev.'21:w`.†ev.'21;g.†ev.'23]
DËi: K„wl evsjv‡`‡ki A_©bxwZi Rxebxkw³| Drcv`bkxjZv I Avq e„w× Ges MªvgxY GjvKvq Kg©ms¯’vb m„wói gva¨‡g wekvj Rb‡Mvôxi
mg„w×i Rb¨ K„wli ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv i‡q‡Q| †`‡ki wRwWwc‡Z K„wl LvZ A_©vr dmj, grm¨, cªvYx m¤ú` Ges eb ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Ae`vb iv‡L,
kªgkw³i cªvq A‡a©K Kg©ms¯’vb †hvMvb Ges K„wlwfwËK wkí cªwZôv‡bi cªavb KuvPvgvj mieivn K‡i|
myZivs †`Lv hvq, K„wl RvZxq Dbœq‡b mnvqK|
cÖkœ 5| evsjv‡`‡ki K„wl wK cªK„wZi Ici wbf©ikxj? e¨vL¨v Ki| [Ky. †ev. '23, '22; w`. †ev. '21]
DËi: n¨vu, evsjv‡`‡ki K„wl cªK„wZi Ici wbf©ikxj| ˆewk¦K DòZv e„w× I Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi Kvi‡Y K„wli Ici †bwZevPK cªfve c‡o|
Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi d‡j KL‡bv AwZe„wó I eb¨v Ges KL‡bv Abve„wó I Liv †`Lv †`q| ˆewk¦K DòZvi Kvi‡Y cªvq cªwZeQiB So, N~wY©So,
mvgyw`ªK R‡jv”Q¡vm BZ¨vw` †`Lv †`q d‡j K„wlKvR e¨vcKfv‡e e¨vnZ nq Ges Lv`¨ Avg`vwb e„w× cvq| myZivs ejv hvq, evsjv‡`‡ki K„wl
cªK„wZi Ici wbf©ikxj|
cÖkœ 6| wk‡íi KuvPvgv‡ji Rb¨ K„wli ¸iæZ¡ Acwimxg- e¨vL¨v Ki| [w`. †ev. '22]
DËi: evsjv‡`‡k wk‡íi DbœwZ A‡bKvs‡k K„wli Ici wbf©ikxj| cvU, wPwb, e¯¿, w`qvkjvB, KvMR cªf„wZ wk‡íi KuvPvgvj Avgiv K„wl †_‡K
†c‡q _vwK| K„wlRvZ cY¨ ißvwb K‡i Avgiv ˆe‡`wkK gy`ªv AR©b Kwi| GB A_© wk‡íi Rb¨ cª‡qvRbxq hš¿cvwZ, KuvPvgvj cªf„wZ Avg`vwbi
Rb¨ e¨q Kiv nq| evsjv‡`‡ki †ewkifvM wkí n‡”Q K„wlwbf©i KuvPvgv‡ji Ici wbf©ikxj|
cÖkœ 7| K„wli DcLvZ¸‡jv Kx Kx? [wm. †ev. '17]
DËi: K„wli DcLvZ n‡jv PviwU| h_v- 1. km¨ I kvKmewR, 2. cªvwYR m¤ú`, 3. ebR m¤ú` I mnvqK †mev Ges 4. grm¨ m¤ú`|
cÖkœ 8| 'K„wl Lv‡Zi DbœwZ n‡j K„l‡Ki `wi`ªZv nªvm cv‡e'- e¨vL¨v Ki| [iv. †ev. '23]
DËi: evsjv‡`‡k emevmKvix †ewkifvM gvbyl K„wli Ici wbf©ikxj| K„wli Dbœq‡bi Ic‡iB †`‡ki gvby‡li Dbœqb wbf©i K‡i| †m †¶‡Î
K„wl‡Z AvaywbK cªhyw³i e¨envi m¤¢e n‡j K„wli Drcv`b eû¸‡Y †e‡o hv‡e hv K„l‡Ki `wi`ªZv `~i Ki‡Z mnvqZv Ki‡e| GQvov K„wli
Dbœqb n‡j eû gvby‡li Kg©ms¯’vb n‡e hv `wi`ªZv `~i Ki‡e|
myZivs ejv hvq, K„wl Lv‡Zi DbœwZ n‡j K„l‡Ki `wi`ªZv nªvm cv‡e|
cÖkœ 9| K„wl Lvgvi ej‡Z Kx †evS? [e. †ev. '16]
DËi: K„wl Lvgvi ej‡Z g~jZ Ggb GK LÐ Rwg‡K †evSvq hv †Kv‡bv K„lK K„wlcY¨ Drcv`‡bi Kv‡R e¨envi K‡i| K„wl A_©bxwZ‡Z 'Lvgvi'
AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© aviYv| K„wl Lvgv‡ii AvqZb ¶y`ª ev e„nr n‡Z cv‡i| GKRb K„lK †m Rwgi Ici K„wlKvR cwiPvjbv K‡i Zv GKB ¯’v‡b
ev gv‡Vi wewfbœ ¯’v‡b Aew¯’Z _vK‡Z cv‡i| GiKg me Rwg‡K GK‡Î Kíbv K‡i †m Drcv`b wel‡q wm×všÍ wb‡q _v‡K| G Kvi‡Y K„wl
Lvgvi‡K wm×všÍ MªnYKvix GKKI ejv nq|
cÖkœ 10| K„wl‡RvZ I K„wl Lvgvi wK GKB? [Xv. †ev. '19t h. †ev. '23, '22; wm. †ev. '22, '19; e. †ev. '19]
DËi: K„wl Lvgvi I K„wl‡RvZ aviYv `ywU KvQvKvwQ A‡_© e¨eüZ n‡jI Df‡qi g‡a¨ m~¶¥ cv_©K¨ i‡q‡Q| †Kv‡bv GKRb K„lK ev msMV‡Ki
Aax‡b wbw`©ó ¯’v‡b ev wewfbœ ¯’v‡b ‡h cwigvY Rwg K„wl Drcv`‡bi Avev`‡hvM¨ Zv‡K K„wl‡RvZ e‡j| c¶všÍ‡i †Kv‡bv K„wl‡Rv‡Z hLb
Pvlvev‡`i cwiKíbv Kiv nq ZLb Zv‡K K„wl Lvgvi e‡j|
cÖkœ 11| 'Rxeb wbe©vnx Lvgvi' I 'evwYwR¨K Lvgvi' aviYv `ywU wfbœ- e¨vL¨v Ki| [Xv. †ev. '21: Ky. †ev. '22: e. †ev. '21]
DËi: Rxeb wbe©vnx Lvgvi I evwYwR¨K Lvgvi aviYv `ywU wfbœ| wb‡P welqwU †`Lv‡bv n‡jv-
1. evwYwR¨K Lvgvi ej‡Z H ai‡bi Lvgvi‡K †evSvq †hLv‡b Drcv`bKvix evwYwR¨K D‡Ï‡k¨ e„n`vqZbwfwËK Drcv`b Kg©¶g cwiPvjbv
K‡i| Ab¨w`‡K, Rxeb wbe©vnx Lvgvi ej‡Z †h Lvgv‡i Drcvw`Z dm‡ji Avq n‡Z †Kv‡bv K„lK I Zvi cwievi †gvUvgywUfv‡e RxweKv wbe©v‡n
m¶g nq|
2. G Drcvw`Z dmj wewµ K‡i DØ…Ë m„wói gva¨‡g me©vwaK m¤¢e gybvdv AR©b KivB G Lvgv‡ii D‡Ïk¨| Aciw`‡K, cwiev‡ii fiY‡cvlY
KivB G Lvgv‡ii D‡Ïk¨|
cÖkœ 12| K„wlcY¨ wecY‡b `ywU cªavb mgm¨v †jL| [h. †ev. '17]
DËi: evsjv‡`‡k K„wlcY¨ wecY‡b bvbvwea mgm¨v i‡q‡Q| Gi g‡a¨ cªavb `ywU mgm¨v n‡jv- 1. ga¨eZ©x e¨emvqx I `vjvj‡`i †`ŠivZ¥¨; 2.
AbybœZ cwienY I hvZvqvZ e¨e¯’v|
cÖkœ 13| 'K„lK‡`i `vwi`ª¨ K„wlcY¨ wecY‡bi cªavb mgm¨v'- e¨vL¨v Ki| [iv. †ev. '21: e. †ev. '23]
DËi: K„l‡Ki `wi`ªZv dmj wecY‡bi Ab¨Zg mgm¨v| evsjv‡`‡ki K„wli Drcv`b e¨e¯’v AwaKvsk †¶‡Î evwYwR¨K wfwˇZ evRviRvZKi‡Yi
Rb¨ AZ¨ek¨Kxq Dcv`vb ¸`vgRvZKi‡Yi myweav cvq bv| GRb¨ Avw_©K msK‡Ui Kvi‡Y Amnvq Ae¯’vq _v‡K| d‡j eva¨ n‡q K„lK
ga¨¯^Z¡‡fvMx‡`i Kv‡Q dmj wewµ K‡i †`q| G‡Z K„lK ¶wZMª¯Í nq|
cÖkœ 14| "ga¨¯^Z¡‡fvMx‡`i f~wgKvi Kvi‡Y K„lKiv dm‡ji b¨vh¨g~j¨ cvq bv| e¨vL¨v Ki| [Ky. †ev. '21, '18; wm. †ev. 18' Xv. †ev. '18: h.
†ev. '18; e. †ev. '22; w`. †ev. '18]
DËi: K„wlcY¨ Lvgvi †_‡K †fv³vi nv‡Z †cŠQv‡bv ch©šÍ ga¨eZ©x e¨emvqx‡`i †`ŠivZ¥¨ i‡q‡Q| dwoqv, `vjvj, gRy``vi, †ecvwi, gnvRb
BZ¨vw` ga¨¯^Z¡‡fvMxiv K„lK‡`i Avw_©K msK‡Ui my‡hv‡M nvwZ‡q †bq †gvUv A‡¼i gybvdv| Giv A‡bK mgq K„lK‡`i‡K `ª‡e¨i Pvwn`v I
†hvMvb m¤ú‡K© fyj Z_¨ w`‡q K„lK‡`i‡K Zv‡`i Drcvw`Z dm‡ji b¨vh¨g~j¨ †_‡K ewÂZ K‡i| myZivs †`Lv hvq, ga¨¯^Z¡‡fvMx‡`i †`Šiv‡Z¥¨i
Kvi‡YB K„lKMY dm‡ji b¨vh¨g~j¨ cvq bv|
cÖkœ 15| 'gvkiæg GKwU Jlwa ¸Ym¤úbœ Lvevi'- e¨vL¨v Ki| [wm. †ev. '21: e. †ev. '23]
DËi: gvkiæg GKwU Jlwa mewR| KviY G‡Z cªPyi Jlwa ¸Yv¸Y i‡q‡Q| evZ, e¨_v, RwÛm I i³ eÜ nIqvi Kv‡R gvkiæg e¨envi Kiv
nq| wbqwgZ gvkiæg †L‡j ü`‡ivM I D”P i³Pvc nªvm cvq| gvkiæ‡g K¨vjwmqvg I wfUvwgb 'wW' _v‡K| GQvovI gvkiæ‡g Pwe© I kK©iv Kg
_vKvq Wvqv‡ewUm †ivMx‡`i Av`k© Lvevi g‡b Kiv nq| Gme Kvi‡Y gvkiæg‡K GKwU Jlwa ¸Ym¤úbœ Lvevi ejv nq|
cÖkœ 16| gvkiæg gvbe‡`‡ni Rb¨ DcKvix Lv`¨- e¨vL¨v Ki| [P. †ev. '22]
DËi: gvkiæg D”P i³Pvc I Wvqv‡ewUm cªwZ‡iv‡a AZ¨šÍ Kvh©Ki| GwU i‡³i †Kv‡j‡÷ij Kwg‡q ü`‡iv‡Mi SyuwK Kgvq| gvkiæg
wUDgvi/K¨vbmvi †Kv‡li e„w× Kwg‡q †`q| GBWm cªwZ‡ivaK wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i| GwU †W½y R¡i, Ak©‡ivM, A¨vRgv †ivM, †KvôKvwVb¨, A¨vjvwR©
I RwÛm †iv‡Mi cªwZ‡laK wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i| myZivs ejv hvq, gvkiæg gvbe‡`‡ni Rb¨ DcKvix Lv`¨|
cÖkœ 17| Avwg‡li Afve c~i‡Y nuvm-gyiwM cvjb Kxfv‡e f~wgKv iv‡L? [ w`. †ev. '23]
DËi: µgea©gvb RbmsL¨vi Pv‡c AvwglRvZxq Lv‡`¨i NvUwZ KvwU‡q IVv m¤¢e n‡”Q bv| d‡j cywói Afv‡e gvbwmK weKvk wewNœZ n‡”Q
†`‡ki AMwYZ wkïi| nuvm-gyiwM cvj‡bi gva¨‡g Avwg‡li Afve c~iY Kiv hvq| GQvov †eKvi hyeK-hyeZx‡`i Kg©ms¯’vb, gv_vwcQy Avq e„w×
Ges RxebhvÎvi gv‡bvbœqb n‡j gvby‡li Avwgl Mªn‡Yi µq¶gZv e„w× cv‡e|
cÖkœ 18| wPswo‡K 'mv`v †mvbv' ejv nq †Kb? [h. †ev, '21: P. †ev, '21: wm. †ev. '21]
DËi: "c„w_exi 60wUiI †ewk †`‡k evsjv‡`k †_‡K wPswo ißvwb nq|" eZ©gv‡b grm¨ ißvwb K‡i evsjv‡`k †h cwigvY A_© Avq K‡i Zvi
kZKiv 86% Av‡m wPswo ißvwb K‡i| AvšÍR©vwZK evRv‡i wPswoi e¨vcK Pvwn`v i‡q‡Q| d‡j wPswo ißvwb K‡i evsjv‡`k cªPyi ˆe‡`wkK
gy`ªv Avq K‡i| ZvB wPswo‡K mv`v †mvbv ejv nq|
cÖkœ 19| grm¨ Pv‡li `ywU DcKvwiZv †jL| [e. †ev. '21]
DËi: grm¨ Pv‡li `ywU DcKvwiZv n‡jv-
(1) ˆe‡`wkK gy`ªv AR©b: grm¨ Pvl K‡i eZ©gv‡b †`‡ki Pvwn`v c~iY K‡i we‡`‡k ißvwb Kiv n‡”Q| hvi d‡j †eKviZ¡ nªvm Ges ˆe‡`wkK
gy`ªv AR©b n‡”Q|
(2) Avwg‡li Afve c~iY: grm¨ Avgv‡`i Avwg‡li †hvMvb †`q| hvi gva¨‡g Avgiv ˆ`wbK Avwg‡li NvUwZ c~iY Ki‡Z cvwi|
cÖkœ 20| †gŠgvwQ cvjb K„wlKvR †Kb? [Ky. †ev. '21]
DËi: †gŠgvwQ cvj‡bi c×wZ‡K Bs‡iwR‡Z- Apiculture ejv nq| ‡gŠgvwQ evwYwR¨Kfv‡e Pvl Kiv nq| GK dy‡ji civM‡iYy Ab¨ dy‡ji
Mf©gy‡Ð co‡j civMvqb N‡U| hvi d‡j Drcbœ nq dj| Gfv‡e †gŠgvwQiv civMvq‡bi gva¨g wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i dj I dm‡ji Drcv`b
evovq| ZvB †gŠgvwQ cvjb‡K K„wlKvR ejv nq|
cªkœ 21| K„wl‡Z fZ©ywKi cªfve Kx? [g. †ev. '21]
DËi: K„wl‡Z fZ©ywKi cªfve BwZevPK| Rb¯^v_© i¶v I K„wli Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ Drcv`b e¨‡qi Askwe‡kl miKvi KZ©…K enb Kiv‡K K„wl fZ©ywK
ejv nq| evsjv‡`‡k mvi, DbœZ Rv‡Zi exR, KxUbvkK, K„wl hš¿cvwZ, †mP BZ¨vw` †¶‡Î miKvi cªZ¨¶ ev c‡iv¶fv‡e Avw_©K mnvqZv w`‡j
K„wl‡Z BwZevPK cªfve co‡e| cvkvcvwk K„wl‡Z Drcv`b e¨q nªvm cv‡e Ges Drcv`b evo‡e|
cªkœ 22| K„l‡Kiv FY MªnY K‡i †Kb? [h. †ev. '21: e. †ev, '22; w`. †ev. '23: g. †ev, '23]
DËi: AbybœZ I ¯^‡ívbœZ †`k¸‡jvi †ewkifvM K„lK `wi`ª n‡q _v‡K| wewfbœ K„wl DcKiY µq, ¸`vgNi wbg©vY, cªv_wgK BZ¨vw` cªwµqvKiY,
cwienY, evRviRvZKiY BZ¨vw` Kv‡R K„lK‡`i cªPyi A‡_©i `iKvi nq| wKš‘ wbR¯^ Znwej †_‡K Zviv Gi mvgvb¨ AskB †hvMvb w`‡Z
cv‡i| GRb¨ K„lKiv wewfbœ cªvwZôvwbK I A-cªvwZôvwbK Drm †_‡K FY MªnY K‡i|
cÖkœ 23| 'K„wli Rb¨ FY MªnY AZ¨vek¨K'- e¨vL¨v Ki| [P. †ev. '23]
DËi: K„wlKv‡R myôy I my›`ifv‡e cwiPvjbv Kivi Rb¨ K„wlKv‡R e¨eüZ hš¿cvwZ, exR, mvi, KxUbvkK, f~wg mgZjKiY, Lvj Lbb, Drcvw`Z
cY¨ evRviRvZKiY, wngvMvi wbg©vY, km¨exR msi¶Y BZ¨vw` e¨q wbe©v‡ni Rb¨ K„lK †h FY MªnY K‡i Zv‡K K„wlFY e‡j| Avi evsjv‡`‡k
†ewkifvM K„lK `wi`ªZvi Kvi‡Y K„wli Rb¨ cª‡qvRbxq mewKQy Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| ZvB ejv hvq K„wli Rb¨ FY MªnY AZ¨vek¨K|
cÖkœ 24| evsjv‡`‡ki K„wl FY e¨e¯’v AbvbyôvwbK Drm¸‡jvi Ici †ewk wbf©ikxj †Kb? [Xv. †ev '23]
DËi: evsjv‡`‡k K„wlFY e¨e¯’v AcªvwZôvwbK Drm¸‡jvi Ici AwaK wbf©ikxj| †Kbbv cªvwZôvwbK F‡Yi cwigvY Avgv‡`i †`‡k cª‡qvR‡bi
Zyjbvq LyeB Kg| GQvovI cªvwZôvwbK Drm †_‡K FY †c‡Z n‡j A‡bK AvbyôvwbKZv _vKvq A_©vr FY MªnY cªwµqvwU mnR bv nIqvq
K„lKKyj mn‡R cvevi Kvi‡Y KwVb kZ©hy³ AcªvwZôvwbK FY MªnY K‡i _v‡K| cªvwZôvwbK Drm cª‡qvRbxq K„wlF‡Yi 15 †_‡K 22 kZvsk
c~iY Ki‡Z cv‡i|
cÖkœ 25| mnR k‡Z© FY cªvwß K„wl Dbœq‡b mnvqK e¨vL¨v Ki| [w`. †ev. '22]
DËi: evsjv‡`‡ki K„wl‡Z g~ja‡bi Afve cwijw¶Z nq| K„wlFY mnRjf¨ n‡j g~jab Gi cªfve `~ixf~Z n‡e| g~jZ mvi, exR, cvwb‡mP,
KxUbvkKmn cª‡qvRbxq K„wl DcKiY µ‡qi Rb¨ K„lK †h FY MªnY K‡i Zv-B K„wlFY| K„wlFY hw` mnR k‡Z© cvIqv m¤¢e nq Zvn‡j
Gmg¯Í K„wl DcKiY µq K„l‡Ki Rb¨ mnR n‡e| A_©vr K„lK wbwe©‡Nœ Drcv`b Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
ZvB ejv hvq, mnR k‡Z© FY cªvwß K„wl Dbœq‡b mnvqK|
cÖkœ 26| †fvM¨ FY I Abyrcv`bkxj F‡Yi g‡a¨ `ywU cv_©K¨ †jL| [Xv. †ev. '21]
DËi: †fvM¨ FY I Abyrcv`bkxj F‡Yi g‡a¨ `ywU cv_©K¨ n‡jv- evsjv‡`‡ki AwaKvsk K„lKB cªvwšÍK K„lK| Zviv wbR Rwgi Drcvw`Z dmj
w`‡q eQi †kl Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| Zv Qvov A‡bK mgq eb¨v, Liv, mvB‡K¬vb BZ¨vw` Kvi‡Y dm‡ji ¶wZ n‡j K„lK †h FY MªnY K‡i| G ai‡bi
FY‡K †fvM¨ FY ejv nq| Ab¨w`‡K gvgjv-‡gvKÏgv, †Q‡j‡g‡q‡`i we‡q- kvw`, ag©xq I mvgvwRK wewfbœ Abyôvb, Rb¥, g„Zz¨ BZ¨vw` KvR
m¤úbœ Kivi Rb¨ K„lK †h FY MªnY K‡i Zv‡K Abyrcv`bkxj FY e‡j| †fvM¨ FY K„lK RxweKv wbe©v‡ni Rb¨ MªnY K‡i| Ab¨w`‡K,
Abyrcv`bkxj FY RxweKv wbe©v‡ni Rb¨ MªnY K‡i bv|
cÖkœ 27| "evsjv‡`‡ki K„lKiv cªvwZôvwbK F‡Yi myweav †_‡K ewÂZ nq- e¨vL¨v Ki| [Xv. †ev. '17;P. †ev. '21:wm. †ev. '21; e. †ev. '17]
DËi: evsjv‡`‡ki K„l‡Kiv bvbvwea Kvi‡Y cªvwZôvwbK K„wlFY myweav †_‡K ewÂZ n‡”Q| KviY cªvwZôvwbK Drm †_‡K FY cvIqv mgqmv‡c¶
e¨vcvi Ges G FY †bIqvi wKQy mywbw`©ó wbqgKvbyb I kZ© _v‡K| evsjv‡`‡ki A‡bK K„lK Awkw¶Z I Aí wkw¶Z ZvB Zv‡`i c‡¶ Gme
wbqg gvbv m¤¢e nq bv| G F‡Yi my‡hvM e¨q †ewk Ges GwU †ewkifvM †¶‡Î Drcv`bkxj D‡Ï‡k¨ cª`vb Kiv nq|
cÖkœ 28| `xN©‡gqvw` K„wl FY K„wl Dbœq‡bi wfwË- e¨vL¨v Ki| [iv. †ev. '18; P. †ev. '18; Ky. †ev. '18: e. †ev. '18]
DËi: †h F‡Yi UvKv cuvP eQi †_‡K wek eQ‡ii g‡a¨ cwi‡kva Ki‡Z nq Zv‡K `xN©‡gqvw` FY e‡j| mvaviYZ Rwgi ¯’vqx Dbœqb, Uªv±i
µq, fvix hš¿cvwZ µq, cyiv‡bv FY cwi‡kva BZ¨vw` Kv‡R `xN©‡gqvw` FY MªnY Kiv nq| myZivs †`Lv hvq, `xN©‡gqvw` K„wl FY Dbœq‡bi
wfwË|
cÖkœ 29| km¨ eûgyLxKiY wK Lv`¨ NvUwZ c~iY K‡i? e¨vL¨v Ki| [Xv. †ev. '22, '21: w`. †ev. 17]
DËi: n¨vu, km¨ eûgyLxKiY Lv`¨ NvUwZ c~iY K‡i| GKB Rwg‡Z GKB dm‡ji evievi Pvl Ki‡j Rwgi Drcv`b ¶gZv nªvm cvq| Avi
wewfbœ km¨ ch©vqµ‡g Pvl Ki‡j Rwgi De©iZv wVK _v‡K| d‡j Drcv`b ev‡o| GQvovI K„lK km¨ eûgyLxKi‡Yi `iæb A_©‰bwZK I
ˆeÁvwbKfv‡e DcK„Z n‡Z cv‡i| myZivs km¨ eûgyLxKiY Ki‡j Lv`¨ NvUwZ `~i K‡i Lv‡`¨ Drcv`b evo‡e|
cÖkœ 30|-GKB Rwg‡Z ch©vqµ‡g wewfbœ dm‡ji Drcv`b wK Kj¨vYKi? [Ky. †ev. '16]
DËi: GKB Rwg‡Z ch©vqµ‡g wewfbœ dm‡ji Drcv`b Kj¨vYKi I myweavRbK| Giƒc e¨e¯’v‡K km¨ eûgyLxKiY c×wZ ejv n‡q _v‡K|
GKB Rwg‡Z ch©vqµ‡g wewfbœ dm‡ji Drcv`b Ki‡j Rwgi mKj ivmvqwbK Dcv`v‡bi mبenvi N‡U Ges Rwgi De©iZv msi¶Y Kiv hvq|
wfbœ wfbœ dmj Drcvw`Z nIqvq K„lK‡`i wewfbœ ai‡bi dm‡ji Pvwn`vI c~iY Kiv m¤¢e n‡e| myZivs bvbv ai‡bi myweav _vKvq GKB Rwg‡Z
ch©vqµ‡g wewfbœ dm‡ji Drcv`b Kiv Aek¨B Kj¨vYKi|
cÖkœ 31| km¨ eûgyLxKi‡Yi d‡j Kg©ms¯’vb Kxfv‡e cªfvweZ nq? [wm. †ev. '22]
DËi: GKB Rwg‡Z GKB dm‡ji evievi Pvl Ki‡j Rwgi Drcv`b ¶gZv nªvm cvq| Avi wewfbœ km¨ ch©vqµ‡g Pvl Ki‡j Rwgi De©iZv
wVK _v‡K| d‡j Drcv`b ev‡o| Avi Drcv`b e„w×i K„lK‡K bZybfv‡e Drcv`b Ki‡Z Drmvnx K‡i †Zv‡j| hv Kg©ms¯’vb e„w× Ki‡e| GQvov
wewfbœ ai‡bi dmj Drcv`b Ki‡Z wewfbœ †hvM¨Zvm¤úbœ gvby‡li cª‡qvRb nq d‡j Kg©ms¯’vb e„w× cv‡e|
cÖkœ 32| cwi‡ek `~lY †Kb nq? [iv. †ev.22]
DËi: Av‡jv, evZvm, cvwb, b`x, cïcvwL, MvQcvjv, AvenvIqv, Rjevqy, Rxe‰ewPΨ wb‡qB cwi‡ek| cwi‡e‡ki Gme Dcv`v‡bi Ici
†bwZevPK cwieZ©b‡K GK‡Î cwi‡ek `~lY e‡j| †hLv‡b Gme Dcv`vb Rxebhvcb I Dbœq‡bi mnvqK n‡j ejv nq †mLv‡b myôy cwi‡ek
weivR Ki‡Q; Avi †Kv_vI Gi Ab¨_v NU‡j †mLvbKvi cwi‡ek `~wlZ| ZvB †Kv‡bv †`‡k cwi‡e‡ki Dcv`vb¸‡jv cªvK„wZK A_ev gbyl¨ m„ó
Kvi‡Y ev Dfq Kvi‡Y Rxebhvcb I Dbœq‡bi Ici weiƒc cªfve m„wó Ki‡j †mLv‡b cwi‡ek `~lY N‡U| Nb Nb cªvK„wZK wech©q, gvwU¶q,
cvwb, evqy, kã, Lv`¨ BZ¨vw` `~l‡Yi gva¨‡g cwi‡ek `~l‡Yi cªKvk N‡U|
cÖkœ 33| cwi‡ek `~lY Kxfv‡e K„wl Drcv`‡b cªfve †d‡j? [g. †ev. '21]
DËi: evsjv‡`k GKwU K„wlcªavb †`k nIqv m‡Ë¡I GLvbKvi K„wle¨e¯’v DbœZ bq, Drcv`bI Avkvbyiƒc bq| Gi Ab¨Zg cªavb KviY, K„wl
cwi‡ek `~l‡Yi wkKvi| Nb Nb eb¨v, N~wY©So, mvgyw`ªK R‡jv”Q¡vm cªf„wZ Kvi‡Y K„wl dmj bó nq| AwbqwgZ e„wócvZ, Rjevqy cwieZ©b Ges
FZy‰ewP‡Î¨i Kvi‡Y Pvlvev‡`i ¯^vfvweK iƒc ¶yYœ nq| ZvB ejv hvq, cwi‡ek `~lY K„wl Drcv`‡bi weiƒc cªfve †d‡j|
cÖkœ 34| '‰ewk¦K DòZv dmj Drcv`b K‡g hvIqvi KviY'- e¨vL¨v Ki| [Ky. †ev. '23]
DËi: ˆewk¦K DòZv e„w× I Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi Kvi‡Y K„wli Ici †bwZevPK cªfve c‡o| Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi d‡j KL‡bv AwZe„wó I eb¨v
Ges KL‡bv Abve„wó I Liv †`Lv †`q| ˆewk¦K DòZvi Kvi‡Y cªvq cªwZeQiB So, N~wY©So, mvgyw`ªK R‡jv”Q¡vm BZ¨vw` †`Lv †`q d‡j K„wlKvR
e¨vcKfv‡e e¨vnZ nq Ges Lv`¨ Avg`vwb e„w× cvq| hvi d‡j †`‡ki Ici †bwZevPK cªfve c‡o|
cÖkœ 35| "‰ewk¦K DòZv e„w× K„wli Ici †bwZevPK cªfve ‡d‡j"- e¨vL¨v Ki| [Xv. †ev. '22: iv. †ev. '21, '17; h. †ev. '23, P. †ev. '22;
wm. †ev. '23]
DËi: ˆewk¦K DòZv e„w× I Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi Kvi‡Y K„wli Ici †bwZevPK cªfve c‡o| Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi d‡j KL‡bv AwZe„wó I eb¨v
Ges KL‡bv Abve„wó I Liv †`Lv †`q| ˆewk¦K DòZvi Kvi‡Y cªvq cªwZeQiB So, N~wY©So, mvgyw`ªK R‡jv”Q¡vm BZ¨vw` †`Lv †`q d‡j K„wlKvR
e¨vcKfv‡e e¨vnZ nq Ges Lv`¨ Avg`vwb e„w× cvq| hvi d‡j †`‡ki Ici †bwZevPK cªfve c‡o|
cÖkœ 36| K„wl‡¶‡Î AvBwmwU Kxfv‡e e¨eüZ nq? [Xv. †ev. '23]
DËi: K„wl‡¶‡Î AvBwmwU-Gi e¨envi- (1) mvaviY K„wl mgm¨v mgvavb, Rjevqy cwieZ©bRwbZ mgm¨v mgvav‡b AvBwmwU e¨envi K‡i| (2)
D™¢vebx K„wl cªhyw³i e¨envi m¤^‡Ü aviYv jvf Kiv hvq| (3) Drcv`bkxjZv e„w×i Rb¨ K„wl DcKiY e¨enviwewa †hgb- mvi, KxUbvkKmn
AvaywbK Kjv‡KŠk‡ji mwVK cª‡qvM Rvbv hvq| (4) K„lK ICT-Gi mvnv‡h¨ cªvK„wZK `y‡h©v‡Mi c~e©vfvm jvf Ki‡Z cv‡i|
cÖkœ 37| K„wlc‡Y¨i Drcv`b e„wׇZ Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cªhyw³ Kxfv‡e f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡Z cv‡i? [wm. †ev. '23]
DËi: K„wlc‡Y¨i Drcv`b e„wׇZ Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cªhyw³i f~wgKv- (1) mvaviY K„wl mgm¨v mgvavb, Rjevqy cwieZ©bRwbZ mgm¨v mgvav‡b
AvBwmwU e¨envi Kiv nq| (2) D™¢vebx K„wl cªhyw³i e¨envi m¤^‡Ü aviYv jvf Kiv hvq| (3) Drcv`bkxjZv e„w×i Rb¨ K„wl DcKiY
e¨enviwewa †hgb- mvi, KxUbvkKmn AvaywbK Kjv‡KŠk‡ji mwVK cª‡qvM Rvbv hvq| (4) cªvK„wZK `y‡h©v‡Mi c~e©vfvm ICT-Gi mvnv‡h¨ K„lK
jvf Ki‡Z cv‡i|
cÖkœ 38| K„wl‡Z DbœZ ex‡Ri e¨envi Kg©ms¯’vb‡K Kxfv‡e cªfvweZ K‡i? [iv. †ev. '21; Ky. †ev. '23; w`. †ev. '21]
DËi: K„wl‡Z DbœZ ex‡Ri e¨envi Kg©ms¯’vb‡K BwZevPKfv‡e cªfvweZ K‡i|
DbœZ ex‡Ri e¨env‡ii d‡j K„wl‡Z 'Aweivg Pvl c×wZ' cªewZ©Z n‡q‡Q| hvi d‡j Rwg‡Z GKwU dmj IVvi mv‡_ mv‡_B Av‡iKwU dm‡ji
Pvl ïiæ Kiv hvq| Gfv‡e †gŠmywg †eKviZ¡ nªvm cvq Ges e¨vcK Kg©ms¯’vb m„wó nq|
cÖkœ 39| "D”P djbkxj exR K„wl Drcv`b e„wׇZ mnvqK" - e¨vL¨v Ki| [h. †ev. '21]
DËi: "gvbm¤§Z exR K„wl Drcv`b e„w×i cªavb DcKiY|" K„wl weÁvbxiv AvB‡mv‡Uvc cªhyw³ e¨envi K‡i wewfbœ `vbv`vi k‡m¨i g~j exR
†_‡K m‡e©vrK„ó exR D™¢veb K‡i| GB exR g~j ex‡Ri †_‡K AwaK djbkxj nq| †hgb †ev‡iv av‡bi D”P djbkxj exR BRRI-58 †_‡K
Drcvw`Z av‡bi †n±icªwZ Mo djb 7-7.5 Ub| †hLv‡b mvaviY exR †_‡K †n±icªwZ 2 †_‡K 3 U‡bi †ewk cvIqv hvq bv|
cÖkœ 40| K„wl‡Z DbœZ cªhyw³ e¨env‡i Kxfv‡e Drcv`b LiP nªvm cvq? [iv. †ev. '23]
DËi: K„wl‡Z DbœZ cªhyw³i e¨env‡ii d‡j K„wl‡Z Drcv`b eûjvs‡k e„w× cv‡e wKš‘ Drcv`b LiP †mB Zyjbvq evo‡e bv| A_©vr G‡¶‡Î
K„wli Drcv`‡bi Mo e¨q K‡g hv‡e| †hgb D”P djbkxj ex‡Ri Pvlvev‡`i d‡j dmj eû¸‡Y †e‡o hvq| Gfv‡e K„wl‡Z DbœZ cªhyw³
e¨env‡i Drcv`b LiP nªvm cvq|
weMZ eQ‡i Avmv m„Rbkxj cÖkœ
cÖkœ 1 XvKv †evW© 2021
Gikv` Zvi Rwg‡Z Avjy Pvl K‡i| G‡Z djbI fv‡jv nq| wKš‘ AbybœZ †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’v, `ye©j evRvi KvVv‡gvmn wewfbœ mgm¨vi Kvi‡Y
bvggvÎ g~‡j¨ MÖvgxY cÖv_wgK evRv‡i Avjy wewµ Ki‡Z †m eva¨ nq| b¨vh¨g~j¨ bv cvIqvq ‡m Avjy Pv‡l wbiærmvnx n‡q c‡o| K…wli Dbœq‡b
eZ©gvb miKvi ¸`vgNi wbg©vY Ges ¯^í my‡` FY`vbmn wewfbœ ai‡bi c`‡ÿc MÖnY K‡i‡Q|
K. K…wl‡RvZ Kv‡K e‡j?
L. ‡fvM¨ FY I Abyrcv`bkxj F‡Yi g‡a¨ `ywU cv_©K¨ †jL|
M. Gikv‡`i DrmvwnZ Avjyi b¨vh¨g~j¨ bv cvIqvi KviYmg~n e¨vL¨v Ki|
N. Avjy wecY‡b miKv‡ii M„nxZ c`‡ÿcmg~n h‡_ó wK? DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K we‡kølY Ki|
cÖkœ 2 XvKv †evW© 2021
evsjv‡`‡ki K…wli `ywU DcLv‡Zi GDP-Gi LvZIqvwi cÖe„w×i nvi wb‡P †`Iqv n‡jvÑ
mgq
2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19
LvZ
cÖvwYR m¤ú` 3.20 3.31 3.40 3.54
ebR m¤ú` 5.12 5.60 5.51 8.34
K. Rxeb wbe©vn Lvgvi Kv‡K e‡j?
L. km¨ eûgyLxKiY wK NvUwZ `~i K‡i? e¨vL¨v Ki|
M. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ ebR m¤ú‡`i cÖe„w×i nvi †jLwP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ †`LvI|
N. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ evsjv‡`‡ki GDP-‡Z `ywU Lv‡Zi Ae`v‡bi K_v Zyjbvg~jK eY©bv `vI|
cÖkœ 3 XvKv †evW© 2021 .
Mwie K…lK †ejvj Zvi Rwg‡Z cÖwZeQi GKB dmj Pvl K‡i| G‡Z Rwgi De©iZv kw³ K‡g hvIqvq dmj Drcv`b Kg nq| GgZve¯’vq †m
dmj Drcv`‡b AvMÖn nvwi‡q †d‡j| Zvi eÜz Rvwg‡ji civgk© Abyhvqx MÖvg¨ gnvR‡bi wbKU †_‡K FY bv wb‡q e¨vsK †_‡K FY †bq Ges
GKB Rwg‡Z eQ‡i wZbwU dmj Pvl K‡i| cÖ_‡g gwiP, Zvici mwilv Ges me©‡k‡l †m avb Drcv`b K‡i| GLb Zvi dmj Drcv`b A‡bK
†ewk nq|
K. K…wl wecbb Kx?
L. Rxeb wbe©vnx Lvgvi I evwYwR¨K Lvgv‡ii g‡a¨ `ywU cv_©K¨ †jL|
M. ‡ejv‡ji K…wl Drcv`b Kvh©µg Drcv`‡bi †Kvb aviYvi mv‡_ msMwZc~Y©? e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
N. DÏxc‡Ki DwjøwLZ F‡Yi Dr‡mi g‡a¨ †Kvb Dr‡mi FY AwaK fv‡jv Ges †Kb? we‡kølY Ki|
cÖkœ 4 ivRkvnx †evW© 2021 .
jyrdi †gvj¨v GKRb mewR Pvwl| †m wewfbœ ai‡bi mewR Pvl K‡i| Zvi Drcvw`Z mewR MÖv‡gi †fv³v‡`i Pvwn`v c~iY K‡i kn‡ii †fv³v‡`i
Pvwn`v †gUvq| Z‡e mewR Pv‡li d‡j GKw`‡K †fv³viv †hgb DrK…ógv‡bi mewR µq Ki‡Z cv‡i, Ab¨w`‡K †mI Avw_©Kfv‡e A‡bK jvfevb
nq| Z‡e evRv‡ii `~iZ¡, hvZvqvZ mgm¨v I ga¨¯^Z¡‡fvMx‡`i †`ŠivZ¥ we`¨gvb|
K. K…wl KvVv‡gv Kx?
L. K…wl‡Z DbœZ ex‡Ri e¨envi Kg©ms¯’vb‡K Kxfv‡e cÖfvweZ K‡i|
M. jyrdi †gvj¨vi Drcvw`Z cY¨ †h cÖwµqvq †fv³v‡`i Kv‡Q †cŠuQvq Zv e¨vL¨v Ki|
N. evRviRvZKi‡Yi ÎæwUmg~n evsjv‡`‡ki †cÖwÿ‡Z we‡kølY Ki|
cÖkœ 5 ivRkvnx †evW© 2021 .
Rwgi cÖvwšÍK K…lK| mbvZb Pvl c×wZ, A`ÿ cwi`k©b e¨emv Ges e¨e¯’vcbvi ÎæwUi Kvi‡Y †h dmj Drcv`b nq Zvi mvnv‡h¨ RxweKv
wbev©n KwVb| d‡j K…wlKv‡Ri Rb¨ dm‡ji exR, KxUbvkK I mvi µ‡qi Rb¨ AvZ¥xq¯^Rb, eÜzevÜe I wewfbœ GbwRI Ges wewfbœ Avw_©K
cÖwZôvb †_‡K my‡` FY wb‡Z nq| hvi d‡j Zvi Avw_©K Ae¯’vi DbœwZ nq bv|
K. Rxeb wbe©vnx Lvgvi Kx?
L. K…lK `wi`ª ZvB dmj wecY‡bi mgm¨vI †ewkÑ e¨vL¨v Ki|
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K Rwg‡ii K„wl Lvgv‡ii ˆewkó¨ I cÖK…wZ wbY©q Ki|
N. Rwg‡ii M„nxZ F‡Yi Drm¸‡jvi Zzjbvg~jK we‡kølY Ki|
cÖkœ 6 ivRkvnx †evW© 2021 .
mygb wkwÿZ Pvwl| c~‡e© Zvi Rwg †_‡K ch©vß Drcv`b n‡Zv bv| wKš‘ eZ©gv‡b mygb H Rwg‡Z mviv eQiB wewfbœ km¨ I mewR Drcv`b
K‡i| GQvov wZwb DbœZ hš¿cvwZ, exR Ges Z_¨cÖhyw³i mgš^‡q K…wl Drcv`b e„w× K‡i‡Qb| ZvB AviI GK weNv Rwg fvov wb‡q dmj, km¨
I mewR Pv‡li cwiwa evov‡eb e‡j wm×všÍ †bb|
K. K…wl Kx?
L. ‰ewk¦K DòZv e„w× K…wli Ici †bwZevPK cÖfve †d‡jÑ e¨vL¨v Ki|
M. myg‡bi GKB Rwg‡Z wewfbœ ai‡bi km¨ Pvlvev` †Kvb ai‡bi Drcv`b c×wZ wb‡`©k K‡iÑ e¨vL¨v Ki|
N. evsjv‡`‡ki A_©bxwZ‡Z km¨ eûgyLxKi‡Yi cÖfve we‡kølY Ki|
cÖkœ 7 h‡kvi †evW© 2021 .
Kvjv‡gi †`‡ki K…wl PviwU DcLv‡Zi mgš^‡q MwVZ| DcLvZ¸‡jv n‡”Q h_vµ‡gÑ km¨, grm¨, cÖvwYm¤ú` I ebR m¤ú`| mv¤úªwZK mg‡q
wRwWwc‡Z K…wl Lv‡Zi Ae`vb wb¤œiƒc:
DcLvZ 2016-17 (kZKiv) 2017-18 (kZKiv)
1. km¨ 7.92 7.37
2. grm¨ 3.61 3.57
3. cÖvwYm¤ú` 1.60 1.54
4. ebR m¤ú` 1.66 1.63
DwjøwLZ Z‡_¨ wRwWwc‡Z K…wl Lv‡Zi Ae`vb µgvš^‡q Kg‡Q| †`‡k `ªæZ wkí Lv‡Zi weKvk I K…wli cÖK…wZ wbf©iZv‡K wRwWwc‡Z K…wl Lv‡Zi
Ae`vb K‡g hvIqvi KviY e‡j A‡b‡Ki aviYv| wKšÍ †`‡ki GDP Z_v A_©‰bwZK Dbœqb Z¡ivwš^Z Ki‡Z wkí Lv‡Zi cÖe„w× Riæwi| Avevi
wkí Lv‡Zi `ªæZ cÖe„w× AR©‡b KvuPvgv‡ji †hvMvb`vZv wn‡m‡e K…wl Lv‡Zi Dbœqb Acwinvh©
K. wgkÖ Lvgvi Kx?
L. mbvZbx K…wl KvVv‡gv ej‡Z Kx †evS? e¨vL¨v Ki|
M. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ Kvjv‡gi †`‡ki wRwWwc‡Z K…wl DcLv‡Zi Ae`vb †jLwP‡Î cÖKvk Ki|
N. evsjv‡`‡ki GDP-Gi cÖe„w×i Rb¨ K…wl Lv‡Zi †Kvb DcLv‡Zi ¸iæZ¡ †ewk DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K †Zvgvi gZvgZ `vI|
cÖkœ 8 h‡kvi †evW© 2021 .
ÔB’ GKwU K…wlwbf©i †`k| †`‡ki cÖvq 75% RbmvaviY cÖZ¨ÿ ev c‡ivÿfv‡e K…wli Ici wbf©ikxj| K…wl e¨e¯’v GLbI DbœZ I D”P
djbkxj bq| Gi Ab¨Zg KviY n‡jv GLvbKvi K…wl cwi‡ek `~l‡Yi wkKvi| ‰ewk¦K DòZv I Rjevqyi cwieZ©b, h‡_”Q KxUbvkK I
ivmvqwbK mv‡ii e¨env‡i K…wl cwi‡e‡k‡K `~wlZ Ki‡Q| d‡j ZvcgvÎv e„w×, Nb Nb cÖvK…wZK `y‡hv©M, mgy`ªc„‡ói D”PZv e„w× I eb¨vi Szu wK
e„w× cv‡”Q| Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi ÿwZKi cÖfve †gvKvwejvq †`kwU †`kxq I AvšÍR©vwZK ch©v‡q wewfbœ bxwZ, Pzw³ I cÖ‡UvK‡j ¯^vÿi Kivmn
c`‡ÿc MÖnY K‡i‡Q| we‡klÁ‡`i g‡Z, K…wl‡K cwi‡ek `~l‡Yi mv‡_ Awf‡hv‡R‡bi Rb¨ DwjøwLZ c`‡ÿ‡ci mv‡_ RbM‡Yi m‡PZbZv e„w×i
gva¨‡g K…wl cwi‡ek‡K msiÿY Ki‡Z n‡e, Z‡eB mdjZv Avm‡e|
K. cwi‡ek `~lY Kx?
L. K…lKiv FY MÖnY K‡i †Kb? e¨vL¨v Ki|
M. DÏxcK Aej¤^‡b K…wl‡Z cwi‡ek `~l‡Yi cÖfve e¨vL¨v Ki|
N. ÔRbM‡Yi m‡PZbZv K…wl cwi‡ek‡K `~l‡Yi nvZ †_‡Z iÿv Ki‡Z cv‡iÕÑ Zzwg wK GKgZ? hyw³mn e¨vL¨v Ki|
cÖkœ 9 h‡kvi †evW© 2021 .
Rvgvj GKRb mewR Pvlx| G eQi †`‡k Avjyi msKU _vKvq †m eÜzevÜe, AvZ¥xq¯^Rb, MÖvgxb e¨vsK I K…wl e¨vs‡Ki wbKU †_‡K FY MÖnY
K‡i wbR¯^ Rwgmn Pzw³‡Z Rwg wb‡q Avjy Pvl K‡i| Avjy Pv‡l †m B›Uvi‡bU I ‡gvevBj †dv‡bi gva¨‡g K…wl Z_¨‡mev ‡K‡›`ªi mnvqZv wb‡q
Drcv`‡b †hgb mdjZv cvq, †Zgwb Drcvw`Z dm‡ji evRvi m¤ú‡K©I wewfbœ Z_¨ msMÖn K‡i jvfevb nq|
K. K…wl‡RvZ Kx?
L. ÒD”P djbkxj exR K…wl Drcv`b e„wׇZ mnvqKÓÑ e¨vL¨v Ki|
M. DÏxc‡K K…wl F‡Yi Drmmg~n e¨vL¨v Ki|
N. K…wl‡Z ICT e¨env‡ii ¸iæZ¡ we‡kølY Ki|
cÖkœ 10 Kzwgjøv †evW© 2021 .
Rwmg I Avqbvj `yRbB K…lK| Z‡e Zv‡`i Pvlvev‡`i cÖK…wZ I dm‡ji e¨env‡i wfbœZv Av‡Q| Rwmg Rwg Pvl K‡i ïaygvÎ cvwievwiK Pvwn`v
c~iY Ki‡Z cv‡i; wKš‘ Avqbvj cvwievwiK Pvwn`v c~i‡Yi c‡iI Drcvw`Z dm‡ji †ewki fvMB wewµ K‡i †`q| d‡j Avqbvj ax‡i ax‡i
DbœwZ jvf Ki‡Z _v‡K|
K. K…wl Kx?
L. ‡gŠgvwQ cvjb K…wlKvR †Kb?
M. Rwmg †h ai‡bi Pvlvev` K‡i Zvi ˆewkó¨mg~n †jL|
N. Avqbv‡ji Pvlvev` c×wZ Rwm‡gi †P‡q DbœZZiÑ e¨vL¨v Ki|
cÖkœ 11 Kzwgjøv †evW© 2021 .
Rwjj wgqv AK¬všÍ cwikÖg K‡i dmj Drcv`b K‡i| wKš‘ Drcvw`Z dm‡ji b¨vh¨g~j¨ †m cvq bv| Avi GRb¨ g~jZ ga¨¯^Z¡‡fvMx, cY¨
msiÿY, cwienb e¨e¯’v `vqx| m¤úªwZ †m †Uwjwfk‡bi gva¨‡g Rvb‡Z cv‡i AeKvVv‡gv Dbœqb, K…wlFY, DcKiY fZz©wK BZ¨vw` myweav cÖ`v‡bi
gva¨‡g miKvi K…lK‡`i mgm¨v mgvav‡b ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f‚wgKv ivL‡Q|
K. K…wl‡RvZ Kx?
L. megvq MVb Kxfv‡e K…wl Dbœq‡b mnvqZv K‡i?
M. Rwjj wgqv Drcvw`Z c‡Y¨i Dchy³ `vg cvq bv †Kb Zv DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K e¨vL¨v Ki|
N. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ mgm¨vi mgvavb Kivi Rb¨ miKv‡ii c`‡ÿ‡ci ¸iæZ¡ we‡kølY Ki|
cÖkœ 12 Kzwgjøv †evW© 2021 .
Rbve gv‡jK GKRb K…wl Kg©KZ©v| wZwb K„wl Dbœqb m¤ú‡K© K…lK‡`i ¸iæZ¡c~Y© civgk© w`‡q _v‡Kb| Gi g‡a¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ wQj K…wl‡Z
AvaywbK cÖhyw³i cÖ‡qvM, K…lK mnvqZv Kg©m~wP, K…wl wegvi cÖPjb Ges K…wl c‡Y¨i wecbb|
K. ‡hŠ_ Lvgvi Kx?
L. ga¨¯^Z¡‡fvMxiv K…l‡Ki dm‡ji b¨vh¨g~‡j¨ cÖvw߇Z evav m„wó K‡i †Kb?
M. Rbve gv‡jK mv‡n‡ei civg‡k© evsjv‡`‡ki K…wl KvVv‡gvi †h welq¸‡jv dz‡U D‡V‡Q DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡Z Zvi eY©bv `vI|
N. ÒZvi civg‡k©i evB‡iI K…wl KvVv‡gvi wKQz welq AšÍf‚©³ÓÑ †Zvgvi gZvgZ `vI|
cÖkœ 13 PÆMÖvg †evW© 2021 .
wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU jÿ Ki Ges cÖk¸ œ ‡jvi DËi `vI:
Ae`vb (%) GDP-‡Z
K…wl DcLvZ 2014-15 2018-19
1. km¨ I kvKmewR 1.83 1.75
2. cÖvwYm¤ú` 3.08 3.47
3. ebRm¤ú` 5.08 5.58
4. grm¨m¤ú` 6.36 6.29
evsjv‡`‡ki A_©‰bwZK mgxÿv- 2019|
K. km¨ eûgyLxKiY ej‡Z Kx †evS?
L. K…wl RvZxq Dbœq‡Z mnvqZv K‡iÑ e¨vL¨v Ki|
M. DÏxc‡Ki wfwˇZ GKwU ¯Í¤¢wPÎ A¼b Ki|
N. K…wl †h cwieZ©‡bi aviv DÏxc‡K dz‡U D‡V‡Q †`‡ki A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡b Zvi Ae`vb g~j¨vqb Ki|
cÖkœ 14 PÆMÖvg †evW© 2021 .
iwgR wgqv GKRb mvaviY AwkwÿZ K…lK| wZwb Zvi wb‡Ri Rwg mbvZb c×wZ‡Z Pvl K‡ib| G‡Z †ewk dmj cvb bv| †Uwjwfk‡b wZwb
K…wli Ici GKwU cÖwZ‡e`b †`‡k Rvb‡Z cv‡ib, evsjv‡`kmn we‡k¦i wewfbœ †`‡k K…wl Drcv`bkxjZv e„w×i Rb¨ M‡elYv Pvwj‡q hv‡”Q|
Zv‡`i D™¢vweZ K…wl cÖhyw³ e¨envi K‡i K…wl Drcv`bkxjZv eû¸Y †e‡o‡Q| G‡Z Lv`¨ NvUwZ mgm¨v mgvavb n‡q‡Q|
K. K…wl‡RvZ Kx?
L. Òevsjv‡`‡ki K…lKiv cÖvwZôvwbK F‡Yi myweav †_‡K ewÂZ nqÓÑ e¨vL¨v Ki|
M. DÏxc‡K wb‡`©wkZ cÖhyw³ wPwýZ Ki Ges evsjv‡`‡ki K…wl‡Z Drcv`‡bi Ici Zvi cÖfve Av‡jvPbv Ki|
N. evsjv‡`‡k DÏxc‡Ki DwjøwLZ cÖhyw³ m¤úªmvi‡Yi c‡_ evavmg~n we‡kølY Ki|
cÖkœ 15 PÆMÖvg †evW© 2021 .
A ‡`k B ‡`k
wewfbœ Kvi‡Y K…lKiv Zv‡`i Drcvw`Z `ªe¨mvgMÖxi b¨vh¨ miKvwi n¯Í‡ÿc Ges cÖhyw³MZ myweavi Rb¨
`vg cvq bv| G‡Z cieZ©x eQi Drcv`‡b wbiærmvwnZ nq| K…lKiv Drcvw`Z `ªe¨mvgMÖxi b¨vh¨v `vg cvq|
K. K…wl Lvgvi Kx?
L. wPswo‡K Ômv`v ‡mvbvÕ ejv nq †Kb?
M. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ A ‡`‡ki K…lK‡`i mgm¨v wPwýZ K‡i Av‡jvPbv Ki|
N. AviI Kx Kx c`‡ÿc MÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g A ‡`‡ki K…wl e¨e¯’v‡K B ‡`‡ki ch©v‡q DbœwZ Kiv hvq? DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K we‡kølY Ki|
cÖkœ 16 wm‡jU †evW© 2021 .
Kwig wgqv wZ¯Ív b`xi P‡i emevm K‡ib| wZwb Zvi Rwg‡Z wewfbœ ai‡bi kvKmewRi Pvlvev` K‡ib| Rwgi De©iZvi Kvi‡Y cÖPzi kvKmewR
Drcbœ nq| wKš‘ `wi`ªZv, msiÿ‡Yi mgm¨v Ges kn‡i hvIqvi iv¯Ív fv‡jv bv _vKvq wZwb Zvi mewR Kg `v‡g `vjv‡ji Kv‡Q wewµ Ki‡Z
eva¨ nb|
K. K…wli DcLvZ¸‡jv Kx Kx?
L. wPswo‡K mv`v †mvbv ejv nq †Kb?
M. DÏxc‡K Kwig wgqvi mewR Kg `v‡g wewµ Kivi KviY¸‡jv e¨vL¨v Ki|
N. Kwig wgqvi Gme mgm¨v mgvav‡bi Dcvq eY©bv Ki|
cÖkœ 17 wm‡jU †evW© 2021 .
iwng wgqv Piv‡ji GKRb K…lK| c~‡e© Zvi Rwg †_‡K cÖvß dmj †_‡K wb‡Ri cwiev‡ii Pvwn`v wgwU‡q evRv‡i wewµ Ki‡Z cviZ| wKš‘
eZ©gv‡b AcwiKwíZ wkíKviLvbv ¯’vcb I Ab¨vb¨ Kvi‡Y Kve©b WvBA·vBW wmGdwm I wg‡_b M¨v‡mi wbtmiY AwZgvÎvq e„w× cv‡”Q| Gi
d‡j ˆewk¦K DòZv e„w×, Liv, R‡jv”Qvm e„w× cv‡”Q Ges Gi d‡j iwng wgqvi dm‡ji Drcv`b c~‡e©i Zzjbvq A‡bK Kg n‡”Q|
K. K…wlFY Kx?
L. K…l‡Kiv cÖvwZôvwbK FY Kg cvq †Kb?
M. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ cÖvK…wZK `y‡hv©‡Mi KviY¸‡jv e¨vL¨v Ki|
N. iwng wgqvi mgm¨v mgvav‡b Kx Kx c`‡ÿc MÖnY Kiv DwPZ e‡j Zzwg g‡b Ki|
cÖkœ 18 wm‡jU †evW© 2021 .
wmivR wgqv GKRb `wi`ª K…lK| Afv‡ei msmv‡i DËivwaKvi m~‡Î cÖvß mvgvb¨ Rwg Qvov Avi ‡Kv‡bv m¤ú` Zvi †bB| ZvB K…wlKvR Kivi
mgq Zv‡K av‡bi exR, KxUbvkK I mvi µ‡qi Rb¨ ¯’vbxq gnvRb‡`i KvQ †_‡K D”P nv‡i my‡` UvKv avi wb‡Z nq|
K. K…wl Lvgvi Kx?
L. gvkiæg Kx Jlwa mewR? e¨vL¨v Ki|
M. DÏxc‡K wmivR wgqv K…wlKv‡Ri Rb¨ †Kvb ai‡bi Drm †_‡K FY MÖnY K‡i Zv e¨vL¨v Ki|
N. Zzwg wK g‡b Ki DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ Drm K…wlF‡Yi Rb¨ ch©vß? we‡kølY Ki|
cÖkœ 19 ewikvj †evW© 2021 .
evsjv‡`k eZ©gv‡b ga¨g Av‡qi †`k| wewfbœ Lv‡Zi g‡Zv K…wli Ae`vb h‡_ó| Av‡M AwaKvsk Rwg wQj GK dmwj| GLb †Kv‡bv Rwg cwZZ
†bB| cÖwZwU Rwg‡Z eQ‡i wZb/Pvi dmjI Drcbœ nq| Avjyi m‡½ wgwóKzgov I fzÆv nq| d‡j K…l‡Ki Avq evo‡Q, bZzb K…wl hš¿cvwZi
e¨envi evo‡Q, K…l‡Ki Pvwn`v c~iY n‡”Q| miKviI K…l‡Ki Rb¨ Avw_©i cÖ‡Yv`bvmn exR, KxUbvkK mieivn K‡i K…lK‡`i mnvqZv Ki‡Q|
K. K…wl cÖhyw³ Kx?
L. evwYwR¨K I Rxebwbe©vnx Lvgv‡ii g‡a¨ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© `ywU cv_©K¨ †jL|
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K km¨ eûgyLxKi‡Yi myweavmg~n Av‡jvPbv Ki|
N. km¨ eûgyLxKi‡Y miKvi KZ…©K M„nxZ c`‡ÿcmg~n wK h‡_ó? DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K e¨vL¨v Ki|
cÖkœ 20 ewikvj †evW© 2021 .
wg, ÔX’ Kg©ms¯’v‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ evsjv‡`k n‡Z wm½vcyi wM‡qwQj †ek K‡qK eQi ci †m †`‡k wd‡i Av‡m| †m †`‡L evsjv‡`‡ki A‡bK DbœwZ
n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ evsjv‡`‡k cÖwZwbqwZ cwi‡ek `~lY e„w× cv‡”Q| mgqg‡Zv e„wócvZ bv nIqvq K…wl‡ÿ‡Î dmj Drcv`b e¨vnZ nq| †mP Qvov
†Kv‡bv dmj nq bv| mg‡q, Amg‡q N~wY©So-R‡jv”Q¡vm nq| †m g‡b K‡i, K…lK m‡PZb n‡j ˆRe mvi e¨envi Ki‡jI ivmvqwbK mvi Kg
e¨envi Ki‡j nq‡Zv Gme mgm¨v n«vm †c‡Z cv‡i|
K. K…wlLvgvi Kx?
L. evsjv‡`‡ki K…wl †gŠmywg evqyi Ici wbf©ikxjÑ e¨vL¨v Ki|
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K K…wl‡Z cwi‡ek `~l‡Yi ÿwZKi cÖfve Av‡jvPbv Ki|
N. cwi‡ek `~l‡Yi mv‡_ Awf‡hvR‡bi Rb¨ Kx Kx c`‡ÿc MÖnY Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i? DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K e¨vL¨v Ki|
cÖkœ 21 PÆMÖvg †evW© 2021 .
wg. gywng cov‡jLv †k‡l Zvi MÖv‡gi evwo‡Z †M‡j| †m DVv‡b GKwU MZ© Lyu‡o †mLv‡b cwjw_b wewQ‡q cvwb w`‡q †PŠev”Pv ˆZwi K‡i Ges wks
gvQ Pvl ïiæ K‡i| K‡qKw`‡bi g‡a¨ gvQ¸‡jv eo n‡Z _v‡K| Lv`¨ I Ab¨vb¨ DcKi‡Yi Rb¨ †m A_©vfv‡e c‡o| gywng ZLb wbKU¯’
K…wle¨vs‡Ki m‡½ F‡Yi Rb¨ †hvMv‡hvM K‡i| wKš‘ F‡Yi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq Rwg bv _vKvq e¨vsK FY †`q bv| ZLb †m MÖvg¨ gnvR‡bi wbKU
hvq| gnvRb FY w`‡Z Pvq wKš‘ AwaK my‡`i nvi nIqvq †m gnvR‡bi FY MÖnY K‡i bv| gywng wPšÍv K‡i miKvi hw` FY mieivn DcKiY
fZzw© K I evRviRvZKi‡Y mnvqZv KiZ, Zvn‡j Zvi g‡Zv f‚wgnxbivI K…wl Dbœq‡b Ae`vb ivL‡Z cviZ|
K. K…wlFY Kx?
L. grm¨ Pv‡li `ywU DcKvwiZv †jL|
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K ÿz`ª K…l‡Ki FYcÖvwßi mgm¨vmg~n Av‡jvPbv Ki|
N. Kx Kx c`‡ÿc MÖnY Ki‡j f‚wgnxb K…lK‡`i mgm¨vi mgvavb n‡Z cv‡i e‡j Zzwg g‡Z Ki? DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K e¨vL¨v Ki|
cÖkœ 22 w`bvRcyi †evW© 2021 .
myR‡bi wcZv GKRb cÖvwšÍK K…lK| myRb GgG cvm K‡i PvKwii wcQ‡b bv Ny‡i A‡b¨i Rwg eM©v wb‡q †cqvivi Pvl K‡i| GRb¨ †m GbwRI
†_‡K FY wbj| K…wl Kg©KZ©v‡`i civgk© †bIqvq myR‡bi †cqvivi djbI Lye fv‡jv n‡jv| wKš‘ AwaK cwienY e¨q, evRvi Z‡_¨i Afve,
`vjvj-dwoqv, msiÿ‡Yi Afv‡e BZ¨vw` mgm¨vi Kvi‡Y †m ‡cqvivi b¨vh¨g~j¨ †cj bv|
K. K…wl FY Kx?
L. K…wl wK RvZxq Dbœq‡b mnvqK?
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K K…wlcY¨ evRviRvZKi‡Y K…l‡Kiv Kx ai‡bi mgm¨vi m¤§yLxb nb? e¨vL¨v Ki|
N. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K K…wlcY¨ wecY‡bi mgm¨v mgvav‡b miKv‡ii Kx Kx c`‡ÿc MÖnY Kiv `iKvi e‡j Zzwg g‡b Ki?
cÖkœ 23 w`bvRcyi †evW© 2021 .
ivBnvb wgqv GKRb mvaviY K…lK| ‡m Dc‡Rjv Awdm †_‡K cÖwkÿY wb‡q Rvb‡Z cvij †h, GKB Rwg‡Z GKgyLx dmj Drcv`b bv K‡i
wewfbœ dmj Drcv`b Ki‡j Avw_©Kfv‡e jvfRbK nIqv hvq| eZ©gv‡b †m GKB Rwg‡Z wewfbœ mgq wewfbœ dmj Drcv`b ïiæ Kij|
K. ‰Re cÖhyw³ Kx?
L. K…wl‡Z DbœZ ex‡Ri e¨envi Kg©ms¯’vb‡K Kxfv‡e cÖfvweZ K‡i?
M. DÏxc‡K dmj Drcv`‡bi †Kvb welqwU wb‡`©k Kiv n‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki|
N. K…wli Dbœq‡b km¨ eûgyLxKi‡Y †Kvb ai‡bi cÖfve i‡q‡Q e‡j ‡Zvgvi g‡b nq? gZvgZ `vI|
cÖkœ 24 w`bvRcyi †evW© 2021 .
iwb wgqv GKRb `wi`ª K…lK| †m K…wlKv‡Ri Rb¨ wewfbœ mgq wewfbœ Drm †_‡K FY wb‡q _v‡K| †m 1g eQi †ewk my‡` Aí mg‡qi g‡a¨
MÖvg¨ gnvR‡bi wbKU †_‡K FY MÖnY K‡i| 2q eQi Aí my‡` K…wl e¨vsK †_‡K FY †c‡Z ‡ewk mgq ‡j‡M hvq AvBwb cÖwµqvi Kvi‡Y|
K. K…wl Lvgvi Kx?
L. evsjv‡`‡ki K…wl wK cÖK…wZi Ici wbf©ikxj? e¨vL¨v Ki|
M. DÏxc‡K iwb wgqv †ewk my‡` †hLvb †_‡K FY MÖnY K‡i Zv FY`v‡bi †Kvb ai‡bi Drm? Drm¸‡jv wPwýZ Ki|
N. DÏxc‡K iwb wgqvi 1g eQi I 2q eQ‡ii F‡Yi g‡a¨ †Kvb F‡Yi DrmwU Zzjbvg~jK myweavRbK? †Zvgvi gZvgZ we‡kølY Ki|
cÖkœ 25 gqgbwmsn †evW© 2021 .
Rbve Avkivd DK‚jxq GjvKvi GKRb cÖvwšÍK Pvwl| wZwb mviveQi wewfbœ iK‡gi km¨ Drcv`b K‡i _v‡Kb| cwienY I †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’vi
AcÖZzjZvi Rb¨ wZwb Zvi Drcvw`Z km¨ kn‡i weµq Ki‡Z cv‡ib bv| Ab¨w`‡K ga¨eZx© e¨emvqx I `vjvj‡`i †`Šiv‡Z¥¨i Kvi‡Y wZwb
b¨vh¨g~j¨ n‡Z ewÂZ nb| msiÿ‡Yi my‡hvM bv _vKvq dm‡ji †gŠmy‡gB Kg `v‡g km¨ weµq Ki‡Z eva¨ nb| K‡Vvi cwikÖg K‡iI Avkiv‡di
Avw_©K ¯^”QjZv AwR©Z nqwb|
K. AvZ¥‡ZvlY Lvgvi Kv‡K e‡j?
L. K…wl Lvgvi I K…wl‡RvZ ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K K…wlc‡Y¨i evRviRvZKi‡Yi mgm¨v¸‡jv wPwýZ Ki|
N. ÒK…wlc‡Y¨i b¨vh¨g~j¨ wbwðZKi‡Y miKv‡ii f‚wgKv ¸iæZ¡c~Y©ÓÑ DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K g~j¨vqb Ki|
cÖkœ 26 gqgbwmsn †evW© 2021 .
iwgR mv‡ne GKRb ÿz`ª Pvwl| ‰cZ…K mvgvb¨ Rwg cwievv‡ii m`m¨‡`i wb‡q wb‡RB Pvlvev` K‡i| K‡Vvi cwikÖg K‡iI wZwb m”QjZvi gyL
†`‡Lbwb| eis †Kv‡bviK‡g Rxeb wbe©vn K‡i P‡j‡Qb| Ab¨w`‡K, mwdK mv‡ne A‡bK f‚m¤úwËi gvwjK| Rwg Pvlvev` K‡i wZwb †ek
jvfevb n‡q‡Qb| Zvi wb‡Ri Uªv±i I †mPhš¿ Av‡Q| MZ eQi wZwb Drcvw`Z cY¨ I DcKiY cwien‡Yi Rb¨ GKwU wcKAvc f¨vb µq
K‡i‡Qb| G eQi wZwb GKwU nvi‡f÷i †Kbvi B”Qv K‡ib|
K. K…wlFY Kx?
L. cwi‡ek `~lY Kxfv‡e K…wl Drcv`‡b cÖfve †d‡j?
M. DÏxc‡K Av‡jvwPZ iwgR mv‡n‡ei Lvgv‡ii ˆewkó¨ Av‡jvPbv Ki|
N. DÏxc‡Ki iwgR mv‡ne I mwdK mv‡n‡ei Lvgv‡ii g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ g~j¨vqb Ki|
cÖkœ 27 gqgbwmsn †evW© 2021 .
wg. gwZb Zvi Rwg‡Z eQ‡i `yevi avb Pvl K‡i _v‡Kb| wKš‘ MZ eQi avvb Drcv`b Kg nIqvq †jvKmv‡bi wkKvi nb| GgZve¯’vq wg.
gwZb K…wl Kg©KZ©vi civgk© MÖnY K‡ib| K…wl Kg©KZ©v Zv‡K GKB Rwg‡Z evievi GKB dmj Pvl bv K‡i wfbœ wfbœ dmj Drcv`‡bi civgk©
†`b| K…wl Kg©KZ©vi civg‡k© gwZb mv‡ne G eQi ch©vqµ‡g avb, Mg I cvU Drcv`b K‡i †ek jvfevb n‡q‡Qb|
K. gvkiyg Kx?
L. K…wl‡Z fZz©wKi cÖfve Kx?
M. DÏxc‡K GKB Rwg‡Z wewfbœ dmj Pv‡li G †KŠkj †Kvb ai‡bi Drcv`b c×wZ wb‡`©k K‡i? e¨vL¨v Ki|
N. G †`‡ki K…wl Dbœq‡b gwZb mv‡n‡ei M„nxZ c`‡ÿc Kxfv‡e ¸iæZ¡c~Y©? e¨vL¨v Ki|
cÖkœ 28 XvKv †evW© 2022
Aa¨vcK Rvgvj Avn‡g` A_©‰bwZK GK †mwgbv‡i Ôevsjv‡`‡ki K…wl‡Z Rjevqyi cwieZ©bRwbZ cÖfveÕ kxl©K GK Av‡jvPbvq e‡jb, Rjevqy
cwieZ©‡bi mv‡_ mv‡_ c„w_exi ZvcgvÎv e„w× cv‡”Q| d‡j †giæ A‡ji eid M‡j mgy‡`ªi D”PZv e„w× cv‡”Q| K…wlwbf©i evsjv‡`‡ki g‡Zv
Dbœqbkxj †`‡k Gi weiæc cÖfve †ewk co‡Q| D³ †mwgbv‡i Rjevqy cwieZ©b †gvKvwejvq mvgvwRK ebvqb, cwi‡ekevÜe wkíKviLvbv
¯’vcbmn wewfbœ e¨e¯’v MÖn‡Yi mycvwik Kiv nq|
K. K…wl‡RvZ Kx?
L. km¨ eûgyLxKiY wK Lv`¨ NvUwZ c~iY K‡i? e¨vL¨v Ki|
M. ZvcgvÎv e„w× evsjv‡`‡ki K…wl Drcv`b‡K evavMÖ¯Í Ki‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki|
N. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi cÖfve †gvKvwejvi Dcvqmg~n we‡kølY Ki|
cÖkœ 29 XvKv †evW© 2022
Kwig wgqv GKRb `wi`ª K…lK| cvuPR‡bi Afv‡ei msmv‡i DËivwaKvi m~‡Î cÖvß mvgvb¨ Rwg Qvov Zvi †Kv‡bv m¤ú` †bB| ZvB K…wlKvR
Kivi mgq av‡bi exR, KxUbvkK I mvi µ‡qi Rb¨ ¯’vbxq gnvRb, abx e¨emvqx I AvZ¥xq¯^R‡bi KvQ †_‡K D”P nv‡i my‡` UvKv avi wb‡Z
nq|
K. K…wl Kx?
L. Ò‰ewk¦K DòZv e„w× K…wli Ici ‡bwZevPK cÖfve †d‡jÓÑ e¨vL¨v Ki|
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K Kwig wgqvi FYMÖn‡Yi AcÖvwZôvwbK Drmmg~n eY©bv Ki|
N. Zzwg wK g‡b Ki DÏxc‡Ki DwjøwLZ Drmmg~n K…wl F‡Yi Rb¨ ch©vß we‡kølY Ki|
cÖkœ 30 ivRkvnx †evW© 2022
c~e©v Zvi evevi mv‡_ †Uªb‡hv‡M Lyjbv †_‡K XvKv hvIqvi mgq cÙv b`xi cv‡o iƒccyi bvgK ¯’v‡b we¯Í…Z GjvKvRy‡o weivU Kg©hÁ †`L‡Z
cvq| †mB mv‡_ mvwi mvwi myD”P wewìs I we‡`wk‡`i Avbv‡Mvbv †`L‡Z cvq| c~e©v evei Kv‡Q G m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z Pvq| Zvi evev Zv‡K e‡j
†h, GUv n‡”Q cvebvi iƒcc~i| GLv‡b evsjv‡`‡ki GKgvÎ cvigvYweK we`y¨r †K‡›`ª ˆZwi n‡”Q| we`y¨‡Zi cvkvcvwk cvigvYweK kw³‡K K…wl
Drcv`‡b, wPwKrmv †ÿ‡Î, Lv`¨ wbivcËvmn bvbvwea Kv‡R e¨envi Kiv hv‡e|
K. K…wl‡Z fZz©wK Kx?
L. cwi‡ek `~lY †Kb nq?
M. DÏxc‡K we`y¨r Drcv`‡b †Kvb welqwU D‡jøL Av‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki|
N. DÏxc‡Ki †k‡lv³ gšÍ‡e¨i mv‡_ Zzwg wK GKgZ? evsjv‡`‡ki K…wl, wPwKrmv, we`y¨r BZ¨vw` Lv‡Z cigvYy kw³i m¤¢ve¨ e¨envi m¤ú‡K©
Av‡jvPbvc~e©K we‡kølY Ki|
cÖkœ 31 h‡kvi †evW© 2022
wb‡¤œ evsjv‡`‡ki †gvU †`kR Drcv`‡bi (GDP) wewfbœ Lv‡Zi KvVv‡gvMZ cwieZ©b †`Lv‡bv n‡jvÑ
17.31% K…wl 35.36% 13.35%
wkí 33.7% wkí K…wl
49.62% 51.30%
‡mev ‡mev
K. K…wlc‡Y¨i wecYb Kx?
L. K…wl‡RvZ I K…wl Lvgvi wK GKB?
M. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ LvZmg~‡ni KvVv‡gvMZ cwieZ©b‡K Zzwg Kxfv‡e e¨vL¨v Ki‡e?
N. Zzwg wK g‡b Ki, evsjv‡`‡ki K…wli µgvMZ DbœZ n‡”Q? DÏxc‡Ki Z‡_¨i Av‡jv‡K e¨vL¨v Ki|
cÖkœ 32 Kzwgjøv †evW© 2022
Avãvj wgqv GKRb ÿz`ª Pvwl| cÖvwZôvwbK FY MÖn‡Yi RwUjZvi Kvi‡Y MÖvg¨ gnvRb I ga¨¯^Z¡‡fvMx `vjvj‡`i wbKU †_‡K FY MÖnY K‡i
Pvlvev` K‡ib| d‡j g~jab msKU †j‡MB _v‡K| B`vbxs miKvi K…lK‡`i mnvqZv Kivi Rb¨ fZzw© K cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡g K…l‡Ki gv‡S ¯^íg~j¨
ivmvqwbK mvi, D”P djbkxj exR, KxUbvkK BZ¨vw` DcKiY †cŠu‡Q w`‡”Q| d‡j Avãvj wgqvi g‡Zv K…l‡Kiv h‡_ó DcK…Z n‡”Qb|
K. km¨ eûgyLxKiY Kx?
L. ÔRxeb wbe©vnx LvgviÕ I ÔevwYwR¨K LvgviÕ aviYv `ywU wfbœÑ e¨vL¨v Ki|
M. Avãvj wgqvi AcÖvwZôvwbK Drm¸‡jvi eY©bv `vI|
N. K…wli Dbœqb miKvi KZ…©K M„nxZ K…wl DcKiY weZi‡Yi BwZevPK w`KwU g~j¨vqb Ki|
cÖkœ 33 Kzwgjøv †evW© 2022
evsjv‡`‡ki K…wl GL‡bv cÖK…wZi Ici eûjvs‡k wbf©ikxj| wek¦e¨vcx AcwiKwíZ wkívqb, bMivqY, Kve©b wbM©gb BZ¨vw`i cÖfv‡e ˆewk¦K
DòZv e„w× cv‡”Q| d‡j Rjevqyi `ªæZ cwieZ©b n‡”Q| Gi cÖfv‡e eb¨v, Liv, cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©vM, mgy`ªc„‡ôi D”PZv BZ¨vw` e„w× cv‡”Q| ZvB
evsjv‡`‡ki K…wl AwZgvÎvq SzuwK‡Z i‡q‡Q| K…wl Kvh©µ‡gi Awf‡hvRb †KŠkj ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨ miKvi GKwU Znwej MVbmn wewfbœ ai‡bi
Kg©m~wP ev¯Íevqb Ki‡Q|
K. K…wl FY Kx?
L. evsjv‡`‡ki K…wl wK cÖK…wZi Ici wbf©ikxj? e¨vL¨v Ki|
M. evsjv‡`‡ki K…wl‡Z Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi cÖfvemg~n DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K Av‡jvPbv Ki|
N. Rjevqy cwieZ©b †gvKvwejvq miKvi KZ…©K M„nxZ Kvh©µg¸‡jv DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K Av‡jvPbv Ki|
cÖkœ 34 PÆMÖvg †evW© 2022
Kvwmg I nvwjg GKB MÖv‡gi gvbyl| DfqB K…wlKvR K‡i RxweKv wbe©vn K‡i| Kvwmg mbvZb c×wZ‡Z Pvlvev` Kivi Kvi‡Y GKicÖwZ
Drcv`b LyeB Kg nq| wKš‘ nvwmg wkwÿZ hyeK nIqvq G mbvZb c×wZ †_‡K †ei n‡q K…wl‡Z DbœZ ivmvqwbK mvi I KxUbvkK, †ZRw®Œqv
AvB‡mv‡Uvc, Ddkx exR BZ¨vw` e¨env‡ii gva¨‡g dmj Drcv`b evov‡Z †c‡i‡Q| GQvovI †m jÿ Ki‡Q †h, ICT-Gi e¨envi Zv‡K A‡bK
jvfevb Ki‡Q| Gi gva¨‡g †h‡Kv‡bv Z_¨ †m mn‡RB cv‡”Q|
K. K…wl cÖhyw³ Kx?
L. ˆewk¦K DòZvi K…wli Rb¨ ûgwK¯^iƒcÑ e¨vL¨v Ki|
M. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ nvwm‡gi K…wl‡Z e¨eüZ cÖhyw³mg~‡ni ¸iæZ¡ D‡jøL Ki|
N. DÏxc‡Ki AvaywbK cÖhyw³ e¨envi Kxfv‡e K…lK‡`i jvfevb K‡i‡Q? †Zvgvi gZvgZ `vI|
cÖkœ 35 PÆMÖvg †evW© 2022
evsjv‡`‡k Lv`¨km¨ Drcv`‡bi MwZaviv wb¤œaviv :
eQi Lv`¨km¨ Drcv`‡bi weeiY (‡KvwU †gwUªK Ub)
1980-1981 1.50
2004- 2005 2.65
2018- 2019 4.21
eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡k wewfbœ Kvi‡Y Avevw` Rwgi cwigvY n«vm †c‡jI bZzb bZzb Rv‡Zi Ddkx ex‡Ri e¨vcK e¨envi, cvIqvi wUjv‡ii e¨envi,
hš¿wbf©i †mPe¨e¯’v, ivmvqwbK mvi I KxUbvk‡Ki e¨envi BZ¨vw` c`‡ÿc MÖnY Kiv n‡”Q|
K. K…wlc‡Y¨i wecYb Kx?
L. gvkiæg gvbe‡`‡ni Rb¨ DcKvix Lv`¨- e¨vL¨v Ki|
M. DÏxc‡Ki wfwˇZ Lv`¨km¨ Drcv`‡bi MwZaviv †jLwP‡Îi gva¨‡g e¨vL¨v Ki|
N. ÒK…wl Drcv`b‡hvM¨ f~wgi cwigvY w`b w`b n«vm cvIqv m‡Ë¡I K…wl Drcv`‡b evsjv‡`‡ki mvdj¨ Cl©YxqÓÑ DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K we‡kølY
Ki|
cÖkœ 36 wm‡jU †evW© 2022
K…lK‡`i `vwi`ª¨, AbybœZ cwienY I †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’v, ¸`vgRvZKiY I msÿ‡Yi Amyweav, `ye©j evRvi KvVv‡gv, F‡Yi Afve, ÎæwUc~Y© IRb
I cwigvcmn bvbvwea mgm¨vi Kvi‡Y K…lKiv Zv‡`i Drcvw`Z dm‡ji b¨vh¨g~j¨ cÖvwß n‡Z ewÂZ nq| d‡j Zv‡`i Av_©mvgvwRK Dbœqb
e¨vnZ nq| DwjøwLZ mgm¨v¸‡jv mgvavb Kiv niv n‡j K…lKiv Drcvw`Z dm‡ji b¨vh¨g~j¨ jvf Ki‡e Ges Zv‡`i RxebhvÎvi gvb DbœZ
n‡e|
K. K…wlFY Kx?
L. km¨ eûgyLxKi‡Yi d‡j Kg©ms¯’vb Kxfv‡e cÖfvweZ nq?
M. DÏxc‡K K…lK‡`i †Kvb mgm¨vi w`KwU cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki|
N. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ mgm¨v mgvav‡b †Zvgvi mycvwikmg~n Zz‡j a‡i|
cÖkœ 37 wm‡jU †evW© 2022
ivwKe I Zzwnb GKB MÖv‡gi `yBRb K…lK| ivwK‡ei †QvU AvqZ‡bi Rwg‡Z †h dmj Drcv`b nq Zv Øviv Zvi cwievi †Kv‡bviKg RxweKv
wbe©vn Ki‡Z cv‡i| Ab¨w`‡K, Zzwnb Zvi e„nr AvqZ‡bi Rwg‡Z Pvlvev‡`i AvaywbK c×wZ e¨envi K‡i AwaK dmj Drcv`‡bi gva¨‡g AwaK
gybvdv AR©b K‡i|
K. K…wl Kx?
L. K…wl Lvgvi I K…wl‡RvZ `ywU wfbœ aviYvÑ e¨vL¨v Ki|
M. DÏxc‡K ivwK‡ei Lvgv‡ii aib wPwýZ K‡i G ai‡bi Lvgv‡ii `ywU mgm¨v Zz‡j ai|
N. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ ivwKe I Zzwn‡bi Lvgv‡ii g‡a¨ Zzjbvg~jK cv_©K¨ Av‡jvPbv Ki|
cÖkœ 38 ewikvj †evW© 2022
evMgviv MÖv‡gi K…lK Av°vQ wgqvi Lvgv‡ii AvqZb †QvU nIqvq †ewk dmj Drcv`b Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| hv Drcv`b K‡i Zv w`‡q ïaygvÎ Zvi
cwiev‡ii fiY‡cvlY P‡j| Ab¨w`‡K, Zvi cÖwZ‡ekx gvmy‡gi Lvgv‡ii AvqZb eo nIqvq †m cwiev‡ii cÖ‡qvRb †gUv‡bvi ci DØ„Ë dmj
wewµ K‡i gybvdv AR©b K‡i| G‡Z Zvi Avw_©K m”QjZv AwR©Z n‡q‡Q|
K. km¨ eûgyLxKiY Kx?
L. Òga¨¯^Z¡‡fvMx‡`i f~wgKvi Kvi‡Y K…lKiv dm‡ji b¨vh¨g~j¨ cvq bvÓÑ e¨vL¨v Ki|
M. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ Av°vQ wgqvi Lvgvi †Kvb ai‡bi? e¨vL¨v Ki|
N. Ògvmy‡gi Lvgvi GKwU †`‡ki `ªæZ A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡b ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv ivL‡Z cv‡iÓÑ hyw³mn we‡kølY Ki|
cÖkœ 39 ewikvj †evW© 2022
evsjv‡`‡ki GDP-‡Z grm¨ Lv‡Zi Ae`vb wb‡Pi ZvwjKvq cÖ`wk©Z n‡jv:
2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2013-14 2018-19
GDP (‡KvwU UvKv) 21,607 23,051 24,729 27,419 37,146
cÖe„w×i nvi (%) 4.60 4.69 5.32 6.36 6.21
K. K…wl‡RvZ Kv‡K e‡j?
L. K…l‡Kiv FY MÖnY K‡i †Kb?
M. DÏxcK †_‡K evsjv‡`‡ki GDP-‡Z grm¨ Lv‡Zi Ae`v‡bi †jLwPÎ A¼b Ki|
N. Òevsjv‡`‡ki A_©bxwZ‡Z grm¨ Lv‡Zi wecyj m¤¢vebv i‡q‡QÓÑ DÏxc‡Ki mvnv‡h¨ we‡kølY Ki|
cÖkœ 40 w`bvRcyi †evW© 2022
Avby wgqv Zvi Drcvw`Z avb G eQi ¯’vbxq GKwU evRv‡i wb‡q wewµ Kivi AvMÖn cv‡”Qb bv| †Kbbv weMZ eQi¸‡jv‡Z ‡ewkifvM mg‡q
cwienb mgm¨v, `vjvj I dwoqv‡`i †`ŠivZ¥¨mn wewfbœ mgm¨vi m¤§yLxb n‡q‡Qb| Dciš‘ b¨vh¨ `vg cvIqv wb‡q i‡q‡Q AwbðqZv, Z‡e
Avkvi evYx n‡”Q B`vbxs miKv‡ii wKQz wKQz BwZevPK c`‡ÿ‡ci K_v †kvbv hv‡”Q|
K. K…wli DcLvZ KqwU?
L. mnR k‡Z© FY cÖvwß K…wl Dbœq‡b mnvqKÑ e¨vL¨v Ki|
M. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z K…wl‡ÿ‡Îi †h mgm¨vi K_v cÖKvk Kiv n‡q‡Q Zvi eY©bv `vI|
N. DcwiD³ mgm¨v mgvav‡b Kx Kx c`‡ÿc MÖnY Kiv DwPZ e‡j Zzwg g‡b Ki?
cÖkœ 41 w`bvRcyi †evW© 2022
eb¨v, N~wY©So cÖf…wZi g‡Zv cÖvK…wZK `y‡hv©‡Mi Kvi‡Y evsjv‡`‡ki DcK~jxq AÂq cÖvq eQiB cøvweZ nq| G‡Z Rwgi jeYv³Zv ev‡o Ges
Drcv`b ÿgZv K‡g| eZ©gv‡b K…wl wefvM I Ab¨vb¨ ms¯’v wewfbœ cÖhyw³i D™¢veb I cÖ‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g G mgm¨v †_‡K DËi‡Yi †Póv Ki‡Q|
K. K…wlKvR Kx?
L. wk‡íi KvuPvgv‡ji Rb¨ K…wli ¸iæZ¡ AcwimxgÑ e¨vL¨v Ki|
M. evsjv‡`‡ki K…wli Ici cÖvK…wZK `y‡hv©‡Mi cÖfve DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K e¨vL¨v Ki|
N. DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ mgm¨v mgvav‡b Zzwg Kx Kx mycvwik Ki‡e?
cÖkœ 42 gqgbwmsn †evW© 2022
mv‡`K Avjx GKRb mvaviY K…lK| wZwb MZvbyMwZK Drcv`b c×wZ e¨envi K‡i dmj Drcv`b K‡ib| Drcvw`Z dmj w`‡q wZwb cvwievwiK
cÖ‡qvRb c~iY K‡i _v‡Kb| Ab¨w`‡K nvmvb miKvi GKRb cÖwZwôZ K…lK| wZwb AvaywbK Drcv`b c×wZ e¨envi K‡i dmj Drcv`b K‡ib|
Drcvw`Z dmj weµq K‡i wZwb fv‡jvB gybvdv AR©b K‡i _v‡Kb|
K. K…wl Lvgvi Kx?
L. Òkm¨ eûgyLxKiY K…wl Drcv`‡b SzuwK KgvqÓÑ e¨vL¨v Ki|
M. mv‡`K Avjxi Drcv`‡bi mv‡_ msMwZc~Y© K…wl Lvgv‡ii ¯^iƒc e¨vL¨v Ki|
N. mv‡`i Avjx I nvmvb miKv‡ii K…wl Lvgv‡ii g‡a¨ Zzjbvg~jK we‡kølY Ki|
cÖkœ 43 gqgbwmsn †evW© 2022
Rbve AvRg Zvi wbR¯^ K…wl Rwg‡Z Pvlvev` Kivi Rb¨ FY MÖnY K‡ib| AvZ¥xq-¯^Rb, MÖvg¨ gnvRb I eÜzevÜe‡`i KvQ †_‡K wZwb †h FY
†c‡q‡Qb Zv ch©vß bq| MÖv‡g K…wlF‡Yi †hvMv‡bi Ach©vßZv I FY`vb cÖwZôv‡bi ¯^íZvi Kvi‡Y wZwb B‡Zvc~‡e© Ab‡b¨vcvq n‡qB G FY
MÖnY K‡ib| m¤úªwZ miKvi K…wl Dbœq‡b DcKiY weZiY, exR mnvqZv, cÖK…Z K…lK‡`i g‡a¨ Lvm Rwg eÈb Ges †mP myweav m¤úªmvi‡Yi
D‡`¨vM MÖnY K‡i‡Q|
K. K…wl FY Kx?
L. K…wl cwi‡e‡ki Ici wbf©ikxjÑe¨vL¨v Ki|
M. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ †h Drm n‡Z Rbve AvRg FY MÖnY K‡i‡Qb Zv e¨vL¨v Ki|
N. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K evsjv‡`‡ki K…wl Dbœq‡b miKv‡ii M„nxZ Kg©m~wPi g~j¨vqb Ki|
cÖkœ 44 XvKv †evW© 2023
wRwWwc‡Z K…wlLv‡Zi Ae`v‡bi KvVv‡gvMZ cwieZ©b wb¤œiƒc-
Ae`vb 1980-81 1995-96 2005-06 2020-21
(kZKiv nvi) 33.07 25.68 19.01 12.07
Ae`vb 1980-81 1995-96 2005-06 2020-21
evsjv‡`k A_©‰bwZK mgx¶v-2022 Abzhvqx, evsjv‡`k avb I Pvj Drcv`‡b we‡k¦ PZz_© Ae¯’vb †_‡K Z„Zxq Ae¯’v‡b DbœxZ n‡q‡Q|
K. K…wlcY¨ wecYb ej‡Z Kx †evS?
L. K…wl‡¶‡Î AvBwmwU Kxfv‡e e¨eüZ nq?
M. DÏxc‡Ki †Uwe‡j cÖ`Ë K…wlLv‡Zi Ae`v‡bi KvVv‡gvMZ cwieZ©b †jLwP‡Î cÖ`k©b Ki|
N. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ evsjv‡`‡ki Z„Zxq ¯’vb AR©‡b K…wl cÖhzw³ D™¢ve‡bi †Kv‡bv ¸iæZ¡ Av‡Q wK? †Zvgvi gZvgZ e¨³ Ki|
cÖkœ 45 XvKv †evW© 2023
dRjz Zvi Aí Rwg‡Z cig h‡Zœ Pvlvev` K‡i †h cwigvY dmj Drcv`b K‡i, Zv w`‡q †m †Kv‡bvg‡Z Zvi cwiev‡ii fiY- †cvlY Ki‡Z
cv‡i wKš‘ evRviRvZ Kivi g‡Zv †Zgb †Kv‡bv DØ„Ë Zvi _v‡K bv| Aciw`‡K, Zvi eÜz ivbv Ggbfv‡e Pvlvev` K‡i †h, †m GKB Rwg‡Z
eQ‡i wZb-PviwU dmj Drcv`b Ki‡Z cv‡i; †hgb- avb, Avjz, mewR, Wvj BZ¨vw`|
K. ev‡qv‡UK‡bvjwR Kx?
L. evsjv‡`‡ki K…wl FY e¨e¯’v AbvbzôvwbK Drm¸‡jvi Ici †ewk wbf©ikxj †Kb?
M. dRjzi K…wl LvgviwUi Drcv`b †KŠkj I `¶Zv m¤úwK©Z ˆewkó¨ eY©bvc‚e©K Gi cÖK…wZ wbY©q Ki|
N. ivbvi Pvlvev` c×wZwU Kx Ges Kxfv‡e GwU wk‡íi weKvk, Kg©ms¯’vb e„w× I czwó Pvwn`v c‚i‡Yi gva¨‡g wbf©i‡hvM¨ Dbœqb (sustainable
developement) mva‡b mnvqZv K‡i? e¨vL¨v Ki|
cÖkœ 46 ivRkvnx †evW© 2023
kg‡mi GKRb wkw¶Z K…lK| wZwb †`‡k we`¨gvb cÖhzw³ Ges wewfbœ Drm †_‡K Z_¨ msMÖn K‡i Rwg Pvlvev` K‡ib| wKš‘ msi¶‡Yi mgm¨v,
ÎæwUc‚Y© IRb I cwigvY c×wZ, `ze©j evRvi KvVv‡gv, c‡Y¨i gvb wba©vi‡Y RwUjZv, miKvwi h_vh_ bxwZi Afve, `v‡gi IVvbvgv BZ¨vw`
Kvi‡Y cÖvqB b¨vh¨g‚j¨ cÖvwß †_‡K ewÂZ nb| miKvi DwjøwLZ mgm¨v mgvav‡bi Rb¨ wewfbœ ai‡bi c`‡¶c MÖnY K‡i _v‡Kb|
K. K…wlFY Kx?
L. K…wl‡Z DbœZ cÖhzw³ e¨env‡i Kxfv‡e Drcv`b LiP nªvm cvq?
M. DÏxc‡K K…wli †Kvb ai‡bi mgm¨vi D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki|
N. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ mgm¨vi mgvav‡b miKvi †Kvb ai‡bi c`‡¶c wb‡Z cv‡i? we‡kølY Ki|
cÖkœ 47 ivRkvnx †evW© 2023
Avgv‡`i †`‡ki K…lKiv K…wl‡Z wewb‡qv‡Mi Rb¨ evsjv‡`k K…wl e¨vsK, evwYwR¨K e¨vsK, eÜzevÜe, AvZ¥xq¯^Rb, mgevq mwgwZ, evsjv‡`k
e¨vsK, MÖvg¨ gnvRb, f‚¯^vgx, ga¨¯^Z¡ †fvMx I e¨emvqx‡`i KvQ †_‡K FY MÖnY K‡ib| K…wlF‡Yi Dc‡hvwMZv e„wׇZ Z_v G‡¶‡Î we`¨gvb
mgm¨v mgvav‡b miKvi F‡Yi cwigvY e„w×, mz‡`i nvi nªvm, Z`viwK e„w×i c`‡¶c MÖnY K‡i‡Q|
K. K…wl‡RvZ Kx?
L. 'K…wl Lv‡Zi DbœwZ n‡j K…l‡Ki `wi`ªZv nªvm cv‡e'-e¨vL¨v Ki|
M. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ K…wlF‡Yi cÖvwZôvwbK Ges A-cÖvwZôvwbK Drm¸‡jv c„_K Ki Ges e¨vL¨v Ki|
N. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ mgm¨v mgvav‡b M„nxZ c`‡¶c¸‡jv ch©vß wKbv? e¨vL¨v Ki|
cÖkœ 48 h‡kvi †evW© 2023
evsjv‡`‡ki K…wli `zwU DcLv‡Zi GDP-Gi LvZIqvwi cÖe„w×i nvi wb¤œiƒc-
LvZ 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13
cÖvYx m¤ú` 3.48 3.39 3.49
ebR m¤ú` 3.90 4.42 4.47
K. K…wlc‡Y¨i wecYb Kx?
L. K…wl Lvgvi I K…wl‡RvZ †Kvb A‡_© GK bq?
M. DÏxcK n‡Z cÖvYx m¤ú‡`i cÖe„w×i nvi †jLwP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ †`LvI|
N. evsjv‡`‡ki GDP-‡Z `zwU Lv‡Zi Ae`v‡bi Zzjbvg‚jK Av‡jvPbv Ki|
cÖkœ 49 h‡kvi †evW© 2023
wb‡Pi DÏxc‡K Lvgvi 'Q' I Lvgvi 'R'-Gi mv‡_ m¤ú„³ welq¸‡jv j¶ Ki Ges mswkøó cÖkm
œ g‚‡ni DËi `vI :
f‚¯^vgx AvZ¥xq¯^Rb 4.5 GKi Rwg AwaK Drcv`b I gzbvdv evsjv‡`k K…wl e¨vsK
I MÖvg¨ gnvRb
Lvgvi 'R'
Lvgvi 'Q'
AbzbœZ cwienY I 18.5 GKi Rwg A‡c¶vK…Z DbœZ †hvMv‡hvM
Rxeb wbe©v‡n m¶g Drcv`b †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’v I cwienY e¨e¯’v
K. KzwUiwkí Kx?
L. '‰ewk¦K DòZv e„w× K…wli Rb¨ ¶wZKi'- e¨vL¨v Ki|
M. Lvgvi 'Q'-Gi cÖK…wZ e¨vL¨v Ki|
N. Lvgvi 'Q' Ges Lvgvi 'R'-Gi Zzjbvg‚jK we‡kølY Ki|
cÖkœ 50 Kzwgjøv †evW© 2023
ingZ Djøvn Zvi Lvgvi †_‡K Drcvw`Z dm‡ji DØ„Ë Ask msi¶‡Yi Afv‡e weµ‡qi Rb¨ AwZwi³ LiP w`‡q cvBKvwi evRv‡i wb‡q †M‡jI
dwoqv, `vjv‡ji Rb¨ mwVK `vg †_‡K ewÂZ nb| mgm¨v mgvav‡b miKvi c‡Y¨i b¨vh¨g‚j¨ wba©viY, µq G‡RwÝ I mgevq evRvi MVb K‡ib|
K. km¨eûgzLxKiY Kx?
L. 'evsjv‡`‡ki K…wl cÖK…wZwbf©i'- e¨vL¨v Ki|
M. DÏxc‡K ingZ Djøvn †Kvb ai‡bi mgm¨vi m¤§zLxb? e¨vL¨v Ki|
N. ingZ Djøvni mgm¨v mgvav‡b miKvi M„nxZ c`‡¶c¸‡jv g‚j¨vqb Ki
cÖkœ 51 Kzwgjøv †evW© 2023
wmW‡ii ci Rqbv‡ji Rwg‡Z mgz‡`ªi cvwb cÖ‡ek Kivq Rwgi jeYv³Zv †e‡o hvq| Rqbvj Zvi Rwg‡Z †m‡Pi Rb¨ ch©vß wgVv cvwb cv‡”Q
bv| hvi Rb¨ K…wl Drcv`b nªvm †c‡q‡Q| G Ae¯’vq Awf‡hvRb mgm¨v †gUv‡bvi Rb¨ evwYwR¨K e¨vsK, NGO, MÖvgxY e¨vsK, AvZ¥xq¯^Rb,
gnvRb, abx K…lK G‡`i KviI bv KviI KvQ †_‡K Rqbvjmn MÖv‡gi †jv‡Ki FY wb‡”Qb|
K. ˆRe cÖhzw³ Kx?
L. '‰ewk¦K DòZv dmj Drcv`b K‡g hvIqvi KviY'-e¨vL¨v Ki|
M. Rqbv‡ji K…wlF‡Yi Drm¸‡jvi †kªwYweb¨vm Ki|
N. 'Rqbv‡ji g‡Zv †`‡ki DcK‚‡ji K…lKiv Awf‡hvRb mgm¨vi Kvi‡Y ¶wZMÖ¯Í'- we‡kølY Ki|
cÖkœ 52 PÆMÖvg †evW© 2023
AvengvbKvj †_‡K K…wl evsjv‡`‡ki cÖavb †ckv| wKš‘ eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡k K…wli cvkvcvwk Ab¨vb¨ †m±iI †`‡ki †gvU †`kR Drcv`b
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cÖkœ 56 ewikvj †evW© 2023
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cÖkœ 57 ewikvj †evW© 2023
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