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Off-Grid Solar System Design Guide

The document outlines the design process for a photovoltaic home system to meet specific energy loads. It details calculations for total energy consumption, system efficiency, PV array size, battery capacity, and charge controller rating. The final recommendations include a PV array size of approximately 657 W, a battery bank of 5 batteries, and a charge controller rated at 55 A.

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Ibtesam Hasan
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46 views3 pages

Off-Grid Solar System Design Guide

The document outlines the design process for a photovoltaic home system to meet specific energy loads. It details calculations for total energy consumption, system efficiency, PV array size, battery capacity, and charge controller rating. The final recommendations include a PV array size of approximately 657 W, a battery bank of 5 batteries, and a charge controller rated at 55 A.

Uploaded by

Ibtesam Hasan
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Battery, inverter, charge controller, PV panel

Design of a Photovoltaic Home System

Design a photovoltaic system to operate the followings load for the given operating time.
Solution:
To design a photovoltaic system to operate the given loads for the specified operating time, we
need to calculate the following:
1. Total Energy Consumption (Wh/day)
2. Total PV Energy Required (Wh/day) considering system efficiency
3. PV Array Size (W)
4. Battery Capacity (Ah)
5. Charge Controller Rating wh=watt-hour per day

Step 1: First Determine the energy demand for one day


For each load:
Energy Consumption (Wh/day) = Load Power (W) × Quantity × Operating Hours
TV: 40 W × 1 × 4 h = 160 Wh/day
LED Lamp: 10 W × 3 × 4 h = 120 Wh/day
Fan: 60 W × 1 × 6 h = 360 Wh/day
Refrigerator: 150 W × 1 × 12 h = 1800 Wh/day
DC load consumed = (160+120) wh/day = 280 wh/day
AC load consumed = (360+1800) wh/day = 2160 wh/day
Since, Inverter efficiency =95% ; Total load input at inverter = 2160/0.95= 2273.68421 wh/day
Total Energy Consumption: 280 + 2274 = 2554 Wh/day

Step 2: Account for System Efficiency


The overall system efficiency must take into account the inverter, battery, wiring, and charge
controller losses. nbat=battery efficiency
ηtotal = ηbat ×(1−wiring loss)×(1−charge controller loss)
ηtotal = 0.90×0.98×0.98=0.864
The energy required from the PV system:
𝐸required= 2554 wh/ 0.816 = 2956 wh
0.864
Step 3: Size of the PV Array and number of Solar Panels
Our System Voltage= 12 V
Ah/day=Ampere hour per day
Ah need to supply = 2956/12 Ah = 247 Ah/day
Given average peak sun shine hours= 4.5h
PV array size= Erequired/peak sun hours
= 656.89 W
Array current= 247 Ah/4.5h = 55 A
So, we have to select 7 panel to round up where current rating is 8A and panel open circuit
voltage is more than 15V.

Step 4: Size of the Battery Bank and Battery Bank Configuration


First, we calculate the daily energy storage requirement considering the depth of discharge
(DoD).
Ebattery =2956Wh/ DoD
Ebattery =2956Wh/0.5=5912Wh
To convert this to ampere-hours (Ah) for a 12V system:
Battery capacity (Ah)= 5912/12 Ah= 492.67 Ah
If using 12V, 100Ah batteries, we need:
Number of Batteries= Total Battery Capacity/ Battery Capacity
= 492.67/100 = 4.9267 batteries
Rounding up to the nearest whole number:
Number of Batteries=5

Step 5: Charge Controller Size


Revisiting the charge controller size with the exact PV array size (657 W), assuming a 12V
system:
must check the Vmax of solar doesnt exceed the charg
Array current= 247 Ah/4.5h = 55 A
Therefore, Charge controller current = 55A

PV array power rating, PV panel rating, Battery Bank energy (Ah), Battery rating, charge controller (A)

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