‘XN JAAN ‘ [> Agaregatio D_ ct _ Preferences, majosity Voting. : | 3 persons —» | A 51 Ba c 4 Frobiems —» — XoYeand z: Condorcet Paradox ‘auaaane i 2. Ordenng, O S jo Se ab Ae BL & x y zx 4 be & x Zz x y. Comparisons 2 > x Vs ¥ = x has 2votey sy hasid vote Yo vs => Wass 2 votes sz has t vere a VS — Zz nas 2 vory x has i vote. eee 1 21 ad ig Here we see -that there is. Ciceulariby 19 “Therefore -ransitivity wilt not lot. -Thisl is cated Ane prePrencea - ConDoecet: PawiAnon Corsarisivivi ty St. prerences) idhoes Nok» wore mostly « =P The order which youLvole may atso afPect the result: t | : Hence aggregation won't ork: Therefore Majority Voting 40 = V. ing above examipie Ss writes winnet z y 4) X vey ——» x vs & ——ad l ocdenng : To changes oa. Sninnet i wire \ FELT . - ge Vi VgnZs—— an) _o Vere RX | (2:| Rank Order Voting - 14 — A and 8 _ 2 persons | voters Bundle —» x2y aod %* ac PrePrences 3 = fc a , x Q ae 4 z Zz x - iP we remove x 20d look at individuars pretoencey. > vorer [ele a LL, ade asa tie breaker: [ bunctie OUSAE Your competing ob Fe _B Hoiceh to Yast = 224 han % a g2 Zz A= 8 ——— wey ys 3 — > Y is the winner Crighes pref Bee a590 93 Ms have bring in _an_astute deme nt to ok ee always get ay COs adswier: ement ¢ a Astute Lome fk can ateo be an aement of Tnaniipulation a wots: TO eg tay gee thal ne inrdued ot zeny oe vorers to choose Y which may nok be the best ion: | poe Coaptete =r tit ot prc pimebleyive, =o Jane . ae GW Soria ‘checision Making» ‘ eat hteast — yen any set of completes reRexive and transitive prefrencey the Aecision Mechanism should result'in social: prePrences that | eptisty the same properties: al 2 “if everyone prefers altecnative Kito abtesnahve Ye then the —~ | gocian_prefeence should rank x ahead ot: La a aa | ; | | = ; = | peoprs Qlrennarives (owe shoutdn'b add astute element) < pre _geeRrences et? * andy should depend only on ne how we crank x VS Y and Oost oo now hey rank other s > MHA Bis BANG os AN hese 3 requirements seem possipies bur it Ag AifRicult ro Lind a mechanism that sariPien tinese ad. 31 i From here WE |_get frrrowsS impossibility “TWheerem = seanores 4 _ Prrrows Amposs\bi Vly. Teorey 1 dod (2 a Social decision Making satishiem properties 42 and $ ahen it musk we o Aictatosship — ail Soctar Fagkings are the GS raneings kk 2 individual: fa lcNlo- of Voters 16 4 Yon Fon 26 rnngshlongigenmny ce ¢ Bor Bre uM pA cyte otk ds Bh oo My ot oe 8 elipratpen iiMY o Boas or NYY Bist Eon oe a LT ee OE Chena 23175 t4Yos 16a rr cv Re Bangalore -» blt'2 = GiB} 49 1 7 Mumbai a ust255 Fe GB 7 |e Pluraity en Utes Abace' - “To check’ ma jority: aninners We Wave to check Plurarl winner id more than 50 “le ++) Total voters) +» 800 4 ¥ fe & . Majoai hy winner = N@4 1 = 560393" ]o» x He Ohi ee , iy - | But, ik is not nececs for Winner! to ahways | vs ee ee foe _paisaar oo Problems: ' ot ot oe | erect PH ATW ig peal rat a Chole _could loose but when compared iq _a 4 to 4 comparison, uoould be preferred over the plus winnes: This virle! jhe __Enieness Cervera: Which brings us to the Conperé! CRITERIA, which states that if there is a choices that is prefer! in a 4 Vs 4 comporisons wiantl a : {2 then that shoutd be the | —ella sh als aah 40: [hiss \s' Caled tne Convoeser ra ss FP a NP Sam CN 4 votes where > B = 75 144 443 ~ 212 — B>c = Hitiz+2 = 38 fe C ig winner: vs _ ™\ : no: of votes Wher 2C>M I) = 15 raul? = 18) S (Moe c= Bl bu3sre25= 14 fo C_ ig winner: vs M E ‘ No ot vote, Where B7M = THF Si 412 +138 M?B = 4U+Mr 43 425 = 142 ce B Mis winner) > Note: Here ¢ is Si Condoscet woinner. but ik is not neces ary fora plurality poinner to be a Condorcet winner. ] (3) Boeda Count Method + 4S* Choice > 3 points and choice —@ 2 points : L 3f_Choiee 1-2 4 points: Points ot Chennai —» (15 * eal a xa)t (51 x$) + (2x2) | + (u3x2) + (26 x1) = Gad | Points sf Bangatore =>) (15x22) ts Min cis + (2x3) | + (usw) t+ (26%2) = 52€ naar | eeePoints ot Mumbai (75 x1) (au x2) +-(51x2) TC). (u3x3) + (2 > Bau. Chennaig is the Winner: H, x 45 choice x %. 4 Bi % Yo 24 cenpice + Yorn 3 5 Z Ky sinh Yi - niatonpes oc Xe sco _% Fg ~ —» 8 i a a — Rip a One _ 7 ~ s D7 EWG 7 ~ xX is the winder 8 7 x aj ori ty woinnern = 185) =) UFFo : +h ' 1T ; — Soltis nota engjotity wloner- (2) Concdorcet voinnes: 8.05. oes! | de & vas) 7 a eoypory ry ts ! J you = 2to Q\s) winners wate - BPE dS Ut Wraten 5 } ot SL zyrMe us) ar ETD 2: % vez = ; 2. Zis_ winner| co, | , 4 = 10 t Ze > >a, S44 2 : SPA tear tal om ss ay ay eases t < condorcet wi hs [(ay_Gomdoreet JAfnneios dno) a) [ x = + Cux2) + (2X0) + C5 x4) +(2 x0) 3 6 tbagish aes fibro | y =e CW Ad) € Guxoyt Cone) + C5 xo} t (221) xz 2 C4 to) 4: Ca) + Cavin 15 22) + C202) = 20 g XA WS + Hh at a 3 & 8 c D> iS jae to 5s a4 prace se vu 18:0 sic? oo nh » L att piace 20 (0 Qo 50 uth place 26 35 15 25° (3 Pluratity Winner _——? fAL_voins (2 five 5 40's) Majority Winner ——» No_ene(2) Condorcet Method eae ; | comparing 18 cinpicet “fox att > [ene a eonine > ices Spain lh fevg co —2 A wins BVsD = Wing i yoy aay em ERED oC VS Ds 32 Cousing 44 ape |. l fr_is_the conclosceh vornnets th a | = pee Camun) + (2X go) (4x20) 4Cox25) = £00 cw | Bet (agxa)yr + (eok2y + Cox) t: (6x35) = 125 sone 5 | C= (3x20) t (2x20) + 4X20}5 + (OXI) = 1260 D = (3x15) + (2x30) + (i t5o) +66 x25) = So Tai = A “FE wing iD the ®ordaoun! Method -“a e tofu, 5 sia 2 aul 5 Gti a Puncti le hea ae 2Vo\ = Minfe ay ancl lttn —> {WlelPare Maximisation: oo) os 5 iy ac an Baa ectitn=s sok geodss, t LAW AVA | r+ Fox the lie that, the ey bility Wei M\ For the 180 welfare function we are using the a ShiF © Uy +U2 (1) we = Api te2u2 (2) curve to look iso welFare - = t ne max W Such that > xe = x! Sum st ath goodss wo * cic ss Wafare te ore ind x : uo i m™m = wy = yi mm Sum ot att Goods tae: Heal, for_o individual, “ey fan’ ona WE wo ave = ae toting Hee art WE should oe Cobb clouglas (awe u2u8)AN. competitive seq% are paret oPficient- Tous L2E-EAH aby that att compentive eq are welfare Maxima or ais sl maxima ave Competitive eq (Follows From {St welt 4heocem —= cri= exchange} sit merit bnieinay ina ce a ate at Gh | : indwidy WP ________walbare ig maximise @ Aife- x - “This is captured ig _ At swe — we a = ur(at) _ a 4 seis :Od. Person x a eid ANd GQ. i (pie en att happiness a es He “te Phe ite im \ned Ubidityade pends On No aks Ulli cated +o them. ee eas Oe \ a ha aie Ohere_A_unids “dre attocated to 2 o Sol IB sis cnthancacivatcaene nt iene a ey fe ‘PodaveieCorgiser | SWE 5A 20.1020, ---- Bo. Determine ator of = | fa ae esis epee 38 eae | E | owe | | @sks 0 a — | ult): axb0-150) etseericaety = “tal = otI50 = 150 poles bit | @ A 210 Ulyj= 2710 £20 u(y): Bx Yo =120 | “Total = 20 ¢120 = Yo : @A=20 ! u(g)+ 2420 « YO Vo si - uly) 2 9x30 40 E “Total = yo rqo =130 - | oe | 4 r J E Zga) ule) = na fr 20,10, 20, €0 21a u(y) = 2% Ago to X aod (Go-A) goes to 4 Q sasel a a? ix a6 poten ah fe lo a(¥) = 2 (Go-10) = 100 Ab A220. 2 © >O% UCy) = 2 (a0-30\ = go} OL Ocia OR OF Ear 4 max jo, 4o, 80,604 280 7 5.2 \ ao x gets 20 V gets yo. 0.5 We v) ; D4 Soe a / Sl = o+ou Sa. ¥s 7 : _