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Chemical Kinetics: Rate Laws Explained

The document provides solved numerical problems related to chemical kinetics, including calculations of specific reaction rates, half-lives, and rate laws for various reactions. It covers first-order reactions and the determination of reaction orders with respect to different reactants. Additionally, it includes examples of calculating rate constants and overall reaction orders based on experimental data.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
114 views4 pages

Chemical Kinetics: Rate Laws Explained

The document provides solved numerical problems related to chemical kinetics, including calculations of specific reaction rates, half-lives, and rate laws for various reactions. It covers first-order reactions and the determination of reaction orders with respect to different reactants. Additionally, it includes examples of calculating rate constants and overall reaction orders based on experimental data.

Uploaded by

sharayusingh14
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Chemical Kinetics Solved Numericals

1. Following data were obtained for the decomposition of N 2O5 which is a first
order.

t (min) 0 10 20 30
[N2O5] mol L-1 1.0 0.705 0.497 0.349

Calculate specific reaction rate and half life of the reaction.


Solution:

2.303  a  2.303  1  −1
k = log   = log   = 0.03496 min
t a − x 10  0.705 
0.693 0.693
t = = = 19.8226 min
1/ 2 k 0.03496
2. For the reaction A + B → C + D, the initial rate for different reactions and
initial concentration of reactants are given below: [2019]
Exp [A] M [B] M Initial rate(R) M
1 1.0 1.0 2 x 10-3
2 2.0 1.0 4 x 10-3
3 4.0 1.0 8 x 10-3
4 1.0 2.0 2 x 10-3
5 1.0 4.0 2 x 10-3
What is the overall order of reaction?
Write the rate law equation.
Solution:
y
Let the rate law = k [A] x [B]

2 x 10−3
y
[1.0] x [1.0] 1  1.0  x  1  1
= or =  or   1 =   x
−3 y
4 x 10 [2.0] x [1.0] 2  2.0   2  2

x =1

2 x 10−3 [1.0] x [2.0]


y
 2.0  y  1  1 y
= or 1 =   or   0 =  
−3 y
2 x 10 [1.0] x [4.0]  4.0   2  2

y=0
order of reaction w.r.t A is 1 & order of reaction w.r.t B is 0

12th ISC Chemistry Group Tuitions (9892230729) Page 1


Chemical Kinetics Solved Numericals

overall order of reaction = 1 + 0 = 1

Rate law = k [A] 1 [B] 0 = k [A] 1


3. The following rate data were obtained at 303 K for the following reaction:
2A + B → C + D
Exp [A] M [B] M Initial rate(R) M
1 0.1 0.1 6 x 10-3
2 0.3 0.2 7.2 x 10-2
3 0.3 0.4 2.88 x 10-1
4 0.4 0.1 2.4 x 10-2
Calculate the order of reaction w.r.t to A and B. also calculate the rate
constant and mention its units.
Solution:
y
Let the rate law = k [A] x [B]

6 x 10−3
y
[0.1] x [0.1] 1  0.1  x  1  1
= or =  or   1 =   x or x = 1
2.4 x 10−2 [0.4] x [0.1] y 4  0.4   4  4

7.2 x 10−2 [0.3] x [0.2]


y
1  0.2  y  1  1 y
= or =  or   2 =   or y = 2
2.88 x 10−1 [0.3] x [0.4] y 4  0.4   2  2
order of reaction w.r.t A is 1 & order of reaction w.r.t B is 2
overall order of reaction = 1 + 2 = 3
Rate law = k [A] 1 [B] 2
6 x 10−3 = k [0.1] 1 [0.1] 2 or k = 6 mol−2 L2 s −1

4. For the reaction: 2H2 + 2NO → 2H2O + N2, the following rate data was obtained:
[Cl2] mol L-1 [NO] mol L-1 Initial rate(R) mol L-1s-1
1 0.40 0.40 4.6 x 10-3
2 0.80 0.40 18.4 x 10-3
3 0.40 0.80 9.2 x 10-3
Calculate the following
a. The overall order of reaction
b. The rate law
c. The value of rate constant

12th ISC Chemistry Group Tuitions (9892230729) Page 2


Chemical Kinetics Solved Numericals

[2017]
Solution:
y
Let the rate law = k [H ] x [NO]
2

4.6 x 10−3
y
[0.40] x [0.40] 1  0.40  x  1  1
= or =  or   2 =   x
−3 y
18.4 x 10 [0.80] x [0.40] 4  0.80   2  2

x =2

4.6 x 10−3 [0.40] x [0.40]


y
1  0.40  y  1  1 y
= or =  or   1 =  
−3 y
9.2 x 10 [0.40] x [0.80] 2  0.80   2  2

y =1
order of reaction w.r.t H is 2 & order of reaction w.r.t NO is 1
2
overall order of reaction = 2 + 1 = 3

Rate law = k [H ] 2 [NO] 1


2

4.6 x 10−3 = k [0.40] 2 [0.40] 1 or k = 71.875 x 10−3 mol−2 L2 s −1


5. The data below are for the reaction of NO and Cl2 to form NOCl at 295 K:
Exp [Cl2] mol L-1 [NO] mol L-1 Initial rate(R) mol L-1s-1
1 0.05 0.05 1 x 10-3
2 0.15 0.05 3 x 10-3
3 0.05 0.15 9 x 10-3
a. Calculate the order of reaction w.r.t to NO and Cl2.
b. Mention the rate law
c. Calculate the rate constant
d. Determine the reaction rate when concentrations of Cl2 and NO
are 0.2 M and 0.4 M respectively.
Solution:
y
Let the rate law = k [Cl ] x [NO]
2

1 x 10−3
y
[0.05] x [0.05] 1  0.05  x  1  1
= or =  or   1 =   x or x = 1
3 x 10−3 [0.15] x [0.05] y 3  0.15   3  3

12th ISC Chemistry Group Tuitions (9892230729) Page 3


Chemical Kinetics Solved Numericals

order of reaction wrt Cl is 1


2

1 x 10−3
y
[0.05] x [0.05] 1  0.05  y  1  1 y
= or =  or   2 =   or y = 2
9 x 10 −3 x y 9  0.15   3   3 
[0.15] [0.05]
order of reaction wrt NO is 2

Rate law = k [Cl ] 1 [NO] 2


2
−3
1 x 10 = k [0.05] 1 [0.05] 2 or k = 8 mol−2 L2 s −1

12th ISC Chemistry Group Tuitions (9892230729) Page 4

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