EE 207 DC CIRCUIT ANALYSIS

and DESIGN

Yasa Ekşioğlu Özok

E-mail: [Link]@[Link]
 COURSE CONTENTS:
➢Circuit Variables
➢Circuit Elements
➢Simple Resistive Circuits
➢Techniques of Circuit Analysis
➢The Operational Amplifier
➢Inductance, Capacitance, and Mutual Inductance
➢Response of First-Order RL and RC Circuits
➢Natural and Step Responses of RLC Circuits

Altınbaş Üniversitesi Yasa Ekşioğlu Özok [Link]@[Link] EE 207 DC Circuit Analysis and Design
 Course Book
• James W. Nilsson and Susan A. Riedel, Electric Circuits, Prentice Hall, 10'th Ed.,
2015.

Reference Books
• W. H. Hayt, J. Kemmerly and S. M. Durbin, Engineering Circuit Analysis, McGraw-
Hill, 8'th Ed., 2011.
• R. C. Dorf and J. A. Svoboda, Introduction to Electric Circuits, Wiley, 8'th Ed., 2010.
• J. D. Irwin and R. M. Nelms, Basic Engineering Circuit Analysis, Wiley, 10'th Ed.,
2010.
• T. F. Floyd, Principles of Electric Circuits: Conventional Current Version, Prentice
Hall, 9'th Ed., 2009.

Altınbaş Üniversitesi Yasa Ekşioğlu Özok [Link]@[Link] EE 207 DC Circuit Analysis and Design
 Circuit Theory
• The circuits, we will analyze, constitute mathematical
models of actual systems.

• In the lab we will also build actual circuits, test their

Chapter 1 responses, and verify the theory learned in this course.
Circuit • The techniques learned here will be useful also in
Variables design of electric circuits.

Altınbaş Üniversitesi Yasa Ekşioğlu Özok [Link]@[Link] EE 207 DC Circuit Analysis and Design
 Three basic assumptions permit us to use circuit theory

▪Electrical effects happen instantaneously throughout a system (circuit) – a system

obeying this assumption is called a lumped parameter system.

▪The net charge on every component in the system (circuit) is always zero.

▪There are no magnetic coupling between the components of a system (except possibly
the intentional magnetic coupling in devices such as the transformer).

Altınbaş Üniversitesi Yasa Ekşioğlu Özok [Link]@[Link] EE 207 DC Circuit Analysis and Design
 The international System of Units
• The international system of units (SI)
is a unifying system of units used by
many societies and engineers
throughout the world.

• The SI units are based on seven

defined base quantities one of
which is the electric current.

• The other quantities are derived

from the base quantities.

• We also use powers of 10 of the SI

quantities in case the SI unit is too
large or too small.

Altınbaş Üniversitesi Yasa Ekşioğlu Özok [Link]@[Link] EE 207 DC Circuit Analysis and Design
 Circuit Analysis
• The circuit models which describe electric circuits will be composed of circuit
components.

• These circuit components will be ideal circuit components which constitute mathematical
models for the actual circuit elements.

• The tools of circuit analysis are mathematical techniques which are used to predict the
behavior of the circuit and its components.

Altınbaş Üniversitesi Yasa Ekşioğlu Özok [Link]@[Link] EE 207 DC Circuit Analysis and Design
 Voltage and Current
• Recall from Physics II (Electricity and Magnetism) that electric charge is the basis for
describing electric phenomena.
• Electric charge is bipolar – can be positive or negative.
• It exists in discrete quantities which are multiples of the charge of an electron: e =
1.6022x10-19C.
• Separation of charge results in electric potential which we will refer to as voltage in
this course.
• Motion of charge results in electric current.
• The SI units for voltage is Volt (V).
• The SI unit for current is Ampere (A).

Altınbaş Üniversitesi Yasa Ekşioğlu Özok [Link]@[Link] EE 207 DC Circuit Analysis and Design
 Voltage and Current
• Voltage (electric potential) is electric potential energy per unit charge

𝑑𝑤
𝑣=
𝑑𝑞
• Electric current is the rate of charge flow

dq
i=
dt
• The voltage has a polarity and the current has a direction.

Altınbaş Üniversitesi Yasa Ekşioğlu Özok [Link]@[Link] EE 207 DC Circuit Analysis and Design
 Voltage and Current
• Direction of the current is the direction of the positive charge flow.
• Positive charge flow in one direction is equal to negative charge flow in the opposite
direction.
• Positive voltage corresponds to voltage drop.
• Although the charge is a discrete quantity, there are enormous number of charge and the
current is treated as a continuous quantity.
• Circuit elements can be described in terms of their current-voltage characteristics.
• If two physically different circuit elements have the same current-voltage characteristics
their circuit models are identical and they are identical from the point of circuit analysis.

Altınbaş Üniversitesi Yasa Ekşioğlu Özok [Link]@[Link] EE 207 DC Circuit Analysis and Design
 The Ideal Basic Circuit Element
• An ideal basic circuit element has three behaviors
• It has only two terminals, reference polarity of the voltage and
reference direction of the current indicated
• It is described mathematically in terms of current and/or voltage
• It cannot be subdivided into other elements
• Ideal basic circuit elements
• Are not realizable as physical components
• They can be connected to model actual devices and systems
• They form the building blocks for constructing circuit models

Altınbaş Üniversitesi Yasa Ekşioğlu Özok [Link]@[Link] EE 207 DC Circuit Analysis and Design
 The Passive Sign Convention
• One can assign the reference polarity of the voltage and the reference
direction of the current arbitrarily.

• However, once these are assigned the corresponding equations must

be written accordingly.

• The most commonly used sign convention is the passive sign

convention.

• The Passive Sign Convention: Whenever the reference direction of the

current in a circuit element is in the direction of the reference voltage
drop across the circuit element use a positive sign in any expression
that relates the voltage to the current. Otherwise, use a negative sign.

• Basically, if the reference current is entering from the positive terminal

of the reference voltage use a positive sign, otherwise use a negative
sign.

Altınbaş Üniversitesi Yasa Ekşioğlu Özok [Link]@[Link] EE 207 DC Circuit Analysis and Design
 Power and Energy
• Power and energy calculations are also important in circuit analysis.

• These can be the output of the circuit converted to other forms

• Power is the time rate of energy consumption or supply

dw
p=
dt
• The power can be expressed in terms of the current and the voltage

dw dw dq
p= = = vi
dt dq dt

Altınbaş Üniversitesi Yasa Ekşioğlu Özok [Link]@[Link] EE 207 DC Circuit Analysis and Design
 Power and Energy
• Under the passive sign convention

p = vi
holds when the reference direction of the current is in the direction of the reference
voltage drop.

• If the reference direction of the current is in the direction of the reference voltage
rise we insert a minus sign in the formula.

p = − vi

Altınbaş Üniversitesi Yasa Ekşioğlu Özok [Link]@[Link] EE 207 DC Circuit Analysis and Design
 Power and Energy

Altınbaş Üniversitesi Yasa Ekşioğlu Özok [Link]@[Link] EE 207 DC Circuit Analysis and Design
 Power and Energy
• If positive charge (q > 0) moves from higher voltage (higher potential) to lower voltage
(lower potential) in a circuit element the charge loose energy –> power/energy is
delivered by the charge to the circuit element (p > 0)

• p > 0 –> the circuit element absorbs power from the circuit

• If positive charge (q > 0) moves from lower voltage (lower potential) to higher voltage
(higher potential) in a circuit element the charge gain energy –> power/energy is
absorbed by the charge from the circuit element (p < 0)

• p < 0 –> the circuit element delivers power to the circuit

Altınbaş Üniversitesi Yasa Ekşioğlu Özok [Link]@[Link] EE 207 DC Circuit Analysis and Design
 SUMMARY-Chapter1
• The International System of Units (SI) is used for quantitative results.

• Circuit analysis is based on the variables of voltage and current.

• Voltage is the energy per unit charge created by charge separation and has the SI unit of
volt (V).
𝑑𝑤
𝑣=
𝑑𝑞

• Current is the rate of charge flow and has the SI unit of ampere (A).
dq
i=
dt
• The ideal basic circuit element is a two-terminal component that cannot be subdivided;
it can be described mathematically in terms of its terminal voltage and current

Altınbaş Üniversitesi Yasa Ekşioğlu Özok [Link]@[Link] EE 207 DC Circuit Analysis and Design
 SUMMARY-Chapter1
❑ The passive sign convention uses a positive sign in the
expression that relates the voltage and current at the
terminals of an element when the reference direction for
the current through the element is in the direction of the
reference voltage drop across the element.

❑ Power is energy per unit of time and is equal to the

product of the terminal voltage and current; it has the SI
unit of watt (W).
dw
p=
dt

Altınbaş Üniversitesi Yasa Ekşioğlu Özok [Link]@[Link] EE 207 DC Circuit Analysis and Design
 Problems
1.

Altınbaş Üniversitesi Yasa Ekşioğlu Özok [Link]@[Link] EE 207 DC Circuit Analysis and Design
Altınbaş Üniversitesi Yasa Ekşioğlu Özok [Link]@[Link] EE 207 DC Circuit Analysis and Design
 2.

Altınbaş Üniversitesi Yasa Ekşioğlu Özok [Link]@[Link] EE 207 DC Circuit Analysis and Design
Altınbaş Üniversitesi Yasa Ekşioğlu Özok [Link]@[Link] EE 207 DC Circuit Analysis and Design
Altınbaş Üniversitesi Yasa Ekşioğlu Özok [Link]@[Link] EE 207 DC Circuit Analysis and Design
 3.

Altınbaş Üniversitesi Yasa Ekşioğlu Özok [Link]@[Link] EE 207 DC Circuit Analysis and Design
Altınbaş Üniversitesi Yasa Ekşioğlu Özok [Link]@[Link] EE 207 DC Circuit Analysis and Design
Altınbaş Üniversitesi Yasa Ekşioğlu Özok [Link]@[Link] EE 207 DC Circuit Analysis and Design
 4.

Altınbaş Üniversitesi Yasa Ekşioğlu Özok [Link]@[Link] EE 207 DC Circuit Analysis and Design
Altınbaş Üniversitesi Yasa Ekşioğlu Özok [Link]@[Link] EE 207 DC Circuit Analysis and Design