MCQ AND CBQ

Chapter 1and 2
Solution
Class 12 - Applied Mathematics

1. (a) 1:6
Explanation:
Let C.P. of 1 litre milk be ₹ 1
S.P. of 1 litre of mixture = ₹ 1, Gain = 50

3
%

∴ C.P. of 1 litre of mixture = 100 × 3

350
× 1 =
6

By the rule of allegation, we have:

∴ Ratio of water and milk = 1

7
:
6

7
= 1:6
2. (a) 9
Explanation: From the definition:
If a is congruent to b modulo m
We write a ≡ b (modulo m) or a≡ b (mod m).
It means:
a is said to be congruent to b modulo m. If m divides (a - b) or (a - b) is divisible by m.
(3−x)−5
⇒
11
⇒ there is only one value that satisfies it in the set (1,2,....,10) that is 9.
3.
(c) 5
Explanation: 5
4.
(b) 2 : 3
Explanation: 2 : 3
5. (a) 8 : 7
Explanation: 8 : 7
6. (a) 5
Explanation: In 20 litres of mixture
Quantity of milk
× 20 = 15 litres
3
⇒
4

Quantity of water
× 20 = 5 litres
1
⇒
4

Let the quantity of milk added be x litres.

According to the question,
15+x 4
⇒ =
5 1

⇒ 15 + x = 4 × 5
⇒ x = 20 − 15

⇒ x = 5 litres

7. (a) 6
Explanation: 6
8.
(d) 1 : 4
Explanation: Cost price of 1 litres of milk = ₹ 100

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 ∴ Mixture sold for ₹ 125
= 125

100
= litres 5

∴ Quantity of mixture = 5

4
litres
∴ Quantity of milk = 1 litre
∴ Quantity of water =
5 1
− 1 = litre
4 4

∴ Required ratio = 1

4
:1=1:4
9.
(d) 3
Explanation: Let x be the smallest integer that satisfies 2796 (mod 7)
⇒ =x
2796

⇒ x=3
10.
(d) 1 : 1 : 2
Explanation: 1 : 1 : 2
11.
(b) 2
Explanation: 2
12.
(b) 4 O'clock
Explanation: 4 O'clock
13.
(c) 15 litres
Explanation: 1 1

2
liters rate = 20 ₹
1 liters rate = 20 × 2

3
= 40

Milk = 40

3
; water = 0, mixture = 32

Ratio = 8

3
: 32

3
= 1:4
d−m
As (quantity of cheaper /quantity of dearer) = m−c
= 1

4
x

60
= 1

x = 15 litres
14.
(c) 2
Explanation: From the definition: a≡ b (mod m)
a is said to be congruent to b modulo m, if m divides (a - b) or (a - b) is divisble by m.
⇒ 218≡ x (mod 7)
(218−x)
⇒
7

for this to be hold true, x must be 1.

⇒ x2 + 1 = 12 + 1 = 2
15. (a) 2 : 10
Explanation: 2 : 10
16.
(c) 2
Explanation: 2
17.
(d) 8:7
Explanation: 8:7
18.
(d) 4
Explanation: a≡ b (mod m)
28 ≡ x (mod 6)

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 28−x
⇒
6
(6 divides (28 - x) completely)
⇒ x=4
19.
(b) 2:7
Explanation:
Let the cost of 1 litre milk be ₹ 1 Milk in 1 litre mixture in A = 8

13
litre
The cost price of 1 litre mixture in A = 8

13

Milk in 1 litre mixture in B = 5

Cost price of 1 litre mixture in B = 5

Milk in 1 litre of final mixture = 900

13
×
100
1
× 1

= 9

13
litres
Mean price = 9

13

By the rule of alligation, we have:

∴ Required ratio = 2

91
:
1

13
= 2:7

20.
(b) {4, 11, 18, ...}
Explanation: {4, 11, 18, ...}
21.
(c) a = 1, b = 4
1 −1 a 1
Explanation: A + B= [ ]+ [ ]
2 −1 b −1

a+ 1 0
=[ ]
b + 2 −2

a+ 1 0 a+ 1 0
(A + B)2 = [ ]× [ ]
b + 2 −2 b + 2 −2
2
a + 2a + 1 0
=[ ]
2a + ab − 2 4

1 −1 1 −1
A2 = [ ]× [ ]
2 −1 2 −1

−1 0
A2 = [ ]
0 −1

a 1 a 1
B2 = [ ]× [ ]
b −1 b −1
2 2

B2 = [
a + b a − 1
]
ab − b b + 1
2 2
a + b − 1 a − 1
A2 + B2 = [ ]
ab − b b

As, A2 + B2 = (A+B)2
2 2 2
a + b − 1 a − 1 a + 2a + 1 0
∴ [ ]= [ ]
ab − b b 2 + 2a + b + ab − 4 − b 4

a2 = 1 and b = 4
a = ± 1 and b = 4

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22.
(c) nB
n 0 0 a1 a2 a3
⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤

Explanation: AB = ⎢ 0 n 0 ⎥ × ⎢ b1 b2 b3 ⎥
⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
0 0 n c1 c2 c3

na1 + 0 + 0 na2 + 0 + 0 na3 + 0 + 0

⎡ ⎤
= ⎢ 0 + nb 1 + 0 0 + nb2 + 0 0 + nb3 + 0 ⎥
⎣ ⎦
0 + 0 + nc1 0 + 0 + nc2 0 + 0 + nc3

na1 na2 na3

⎡ ⎤

= ⎢ nb 1 nb2 nb3 ⎥

⎣ ⎦
nc1 nc2 nc3

a1 a2 a3
⎡ ⎤

= n⎢ b 1 b2 b3 ⎥
⎣ ⎦
c1 c2 c3

= nB
23.
(d) a skew-symmetric matrix
0 5 −7
⎡ ⎤

Explanation: A = ⎢ −5 0 11 ⎥
⎣ ⎦
7 −11 0

0 −5 7
⎡ ⎤
AT = ⎢ 5 0 −11 ⎥
⎣ ⎦
−7 11 0

0 5 −7
⎡ ⎤

-A = ⎢ −5 0 11 ⎥

⎣ ⎦
7 −11 0

∵ AT = -A
Then, the given matrix is a skew-symmetric matrix.
24.
(c) I
Explanation: (I + A)2 – 3A = I2 + IA + AI + A2 – 3A = I + A + A + A – 3A = I
25.
1
−1
(d) [ 2

1
]
0
2
1
−1
Explanation: [ 2

1
]
0
2

26. (a) A + B
Explanation: AB = B ⇒ (AB)A = BA
⇒ A(BA) = BA ⇒ A(A) = A,

⇒ A2 = A
AB = B ⇒ B(AB) = BB
⇒ (BA)B = B2
⇒ AB = B2
⇒ B = B2
∴ A2 + B2 = A + B
27.
(c) 16A
2 0 0
⎡ ⎤

Explanation: A = ⎢ 0 2 0⎥

⎣ ⎦
0 0 2

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 1 0 0
⎡ ⎤

⇒ A = 2 ⎢0 1 0⎥
⎣ ⎦
0 0 1

We can write as
A = 2I
Hence, A5 = (2I)5
A5 = 32I
A5 = 16 × 2I = 16A
28.
(c) 3 × n
Explanation: A3 × m and B3 × n are two matrices. If m = n then A and B same orders as 3 × n each so the order of (5A - 2B)
should be same as 3 × n.
29.
(c) none of these
Explanation: 3A3 + 2A2 + 5A + I = 0 By pre-operating by A-1, we get
⇒ 3A-1 A3 + 2A-1 A2 + 5A-1A + A-1I = A-1 0
⇒ 3A2 + 2A + 5I + A-1 = 0, By making A-1 as the subject, we get
⇒ A-1 = -(3A2 + 2A + 5I)
d −b
30. (a) [ ]
−c a

a b
Explanation: S = [ ]
c d

M11 = d ⇒ A11 = d
M12 = c ⇒ A12 = -c
M21 = b ⇒ A21 = -b
M22 = a ⇒ A22 = a
d −b
⇒ Adj(A) = [ ]
−c a

31. (d) 7 : 00 p.m

Explanation: 7 : 00 p.m
32. (a) 5 : 00 a.m
Explanation: 5 : 00 a.m
33. (d) 14 : 00
Explanation: 14 : 00
34. (a) 8 : 00 p.m.
Explanation: 8 : 00 p.m.
35. (d) 03 : 00 p.m., 15 : 00
Explanation: 03 : 00 p.m., 15 : 00
36. (d) ₹46,000
Explanation: ₹46,000
37. (a) ₹53,000
Explanation: ₹53,000
38. (c) ₹31,000
Explanation: ₹31,000
39. (b) (₹15,000, ₹17,000)
Explanation: (₹15,000, ₹17,000)
40. (b) ₹32,000
Explanation: ₹32,000

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41. (b) ₹ 30000
Explanation: Let ₹ A, ₹ B and ₹ C be the cost incurred by the organisation for villages X, Y and Z respectively. Then A, B, C
will be given by the following matrix equation.
400 300 100 50 A
⎡ ⎤⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤

⎢ 300 250 75 ⎥ ⎢ 20 ⎥ = ⎢ B ⎥
⎣ ⎦⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
500 400 150 40 C

A 400 × 50 + 300 × 20 + 100 × 40

⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤

⇒ ⎢ B ⎥ = ⎢ 300 × 50 + 250 × 20 + 75 × 40 ⎥
⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
C 500 × 50 + 400 × 20 + 150 × 40

20000 + 6000 + 4000 30000

⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤

= ⎢ 15000 + 5000 + 3000 ⎥ = ⎢ 23000 ⎥

⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
25000 + 8000 + 6000 39000

42. (c) ₹ 23000

Explanation: Let ₹ A, ₹ B and ₹ C be the cost incurred by the organisation for villages X, Y and Z respectively. Then A, B, C
will be given by the following matrix equation.
400 300 100 50 A
⎡ ⎤⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤

⎢ 300 250 75 ⎥ ⎢ 20 ⎥ = ⎢ B ⎥
⎣ ⎦⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
500 400 150 40 C

A 400 × 50 + 300 × 20 + 100 × 40

⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤

⇒ ⎢ B ⎥ = ⎢ 300 × 50 + 250 × 20 + 75 × 40 ⎥

⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
C 500 × 50 + 400 × 20 + 150 × 40

20000 + 6000 + 4000 30000

⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤

= ⎢ 15000 + 5000 + 3000 ⎥ = ⎢ 23000 ⎥

⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
25000 + 8000 + 6000 39000

43. (c) ₹ 39000

Explanation: Let ₹ A, ₹ B and ₹ C be the cost incurred by the organisation for villages X, Y and Z respectively. Then A, B, C
will be given by the following matrix equation.
400 300 100 50 A
⎡ ⎤⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤

⎢ 300 250 75 ⎥ ⎢ 20 ⎥ = ⎢ B ⎥
⎣ ⎦⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
500 400 150 40 C

A 400 × 50 + 300 × 20 + 100 × 40

⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤

⇒ ⎢ B ⎥ = ⎢ 300 × 50 + 250 × 20 + 75 × 40 ⎥

⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
C 500 × 50 + 400 × 20 + 150 × 40

20000 + 6000 + 4000 30000

⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤

= ⎢ 15000 + 5000 + 3000 ⎥ = ⎢ 23000 ⎥

⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
25000 + 8000 + 6000 39000

44. (d) 40
Explanation: Total number of toilets that can be expected in each village is given by the following matrix
X ⎡ 400 300 100 2/100
⎤⎡ ⎤

Y ⎢ 300 250 75 ⎥ ⎢ 4/100 ⎥

⎣ ⎦⎣ ⎦
Z 500 400 150 20/100

X 8 + 12 + 20 X 40
⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤

Y ⎢ 6 + 10 + 15 ⎥ = Y ⎢ 31 ⎥
⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
Z 10 + 16 + 30 Z 56

45. (c) 56
Explanation: Total number of toilets that can be expected in each village is given by the following matrix
X ⎡ 400 300 100 2/100
⎤⎡ ⎤

Y ⎢ 300 250 75 ⎥ ⎢ 4/100 ⎥

⎣ ⎦⎣ ⎦
Z 500 400 150 20/100

X 8 + 12 + 20 X 40
⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤

Y ⎢ 6 + 10 + 15 ⎥ = Y ⎢ 31 ⎥
⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
Z 10 + 16 + 30 Z 56

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 Invest rate
X Y
X 0.1
46. (d) A = Investment [ 15000 20000 ] ;B= [ ]
Y 0.08

Explanation: If ₹ 15000 is invested in bond X, then the amount invested in bond Y = ₹ (35000 - 15000) = ₹20000
X Y

A = Investment [ 15000 20000 ]

Invest rate Invest rate

X 10 % X 0.1
and B = [ ] = [ ]
Y 8 % Y 0.08

47. (a) ₹ 3100

Explanation: The amount of interest received on each bond is given by
0.1
AB = [15000 20000] × [ ]
0.08

= [15000 × 0.1 + 20000 × 0.08] = [1500 + 1600] = 3100

48. (d) ₹ 20000 in X, ₹ 15000 in Y
Explanation: Let ₹ x be invested in bond X and then ₹ (35000 - x) will be invested in bond Y.
Now, total amount of interest is given by
0.1
[x 35000 - x] [ ] = [0.1x + (35000 - x) 0.08]
0.08

But, it is given that total amount of interest = ₹ 3200

∴ 0.1x + 2800 - 0.08x = 3200
⇒ 0.02 x = 400 ⇒ x = 20000

Thus, ₹ 20000 invested in bond X and ₹ 35000 - ₹ 20000

= ₹ 15000 invested in bond Y.
49. (b) AB
Explanation: AB will give the total amount of interest received on both bonds.
50. (d) ₹ 30000
Explanation: Let ₹ x invested in bond X, then we have
x× 10

100
= 500 ⇒ x = 5000
Thus, the amount invested in bond X is ₹ 5000 and so investment in bond Y be ₹ (35000 - 5000) = ₹ 30000
51. (c) 5x - 4y = 40
5x - 8y = -80
Explanation: 5x - 4y = 40
5x - 8y = -80
5 −4 x 40
52. (b) [ ][ ]= [ ]
5 −8 y −80

5 −4 x 40
Explanation: [ ][ ]= [ ]
5 −8 y −80

53. (c) 32
Explanation: 32
54. (d) ₹ 30
Explanation: ₹ 30
55. (c) ₹ 960
Explanation: ₹ 960
40 30 50
⎡ ⎤

56. ⎢ 20 80 10 ⎥
⎣ ⎦
40 60 5

57. Number of USB type ‘C’ = 5 ,Produced by company = I

58. 360
59. 670
60. 10
61. A + B
62. 10000

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63. A - B
64. ₹100, ₹ 200 and ₹120
65. ₹1000, ₹600, ₹200
7 2
66. [ ]
1 6

1 2
67. [ ]
−1 3

−2 2
68. [ ]
−4 −6

−4 −4
69. [ ]
−6 4

8 0
70. [ ]
2 10

71. The number of items purchased by shopkeepers A, B and C can be written in matrix form as
N otebooks pens pencils

144 60 72 A
⎡ ⎤
X= ⎢ 120 72 84 ⎥ B
⎣ ⎦
132 156 96 C

40 N ote book
⎡ ⎤

72. Since, Y = ⎢ 12 ⎥ P en

⎣ ⎦
3 P encil

144 60 72 40
⎡ ⎤⎡ ⎤

∴ XY = ⎢ 120 72 84 ⎥ ⎢ 12 ⎥
⎣ ⎦⎣ ⎦
132 156 96 3

5760 + 720 + 216 6696

⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤
=⎢ 4800 + 864 + 252 ⎥ = ⎢ 5916 ⎥
⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
5280 + 1872 + 288 7440

73. Bill of A is ₹6696

74. (A + I)2 = A2 + 2A + I = 3A + I
⇒ (A + I)3 = (3A + I) (A + I)
= 3A2 + 4A + I = 7A + I
∴ (A + I)3 - 7A = I
75. A2 - B2 = (A - B) (A + B) = A2 + AB - BA - B2
∴ AB = BA

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