Grade- V
SCIENCE
TERM-1 NOTES
2022-23
Ls: 1. Plants – Increasing the Numbers
I. New Words:
1. Seed coat
2. Cotyledons
3. Dicot
4. Monocot
5. Germination
6. Moisture
7. Warmth
8. Dispersal
9. Explosion
10. Structures
11. Bryophyllum
12. Irrigated
13. Agriculture
14. Ammonium sulphate
15. Super phosphate
16. Fertilizers
17. Insecticides
18. Pesticides
19. Harvesting
20. Protection
II. Definition:
1. Irrigation: The process of watering the crops on a regular basis.
2. Cereals: Grains used for food such as oats, wheat, rice, and corn.
3. Insecticides: Chemicals used for destroying harmful insects.
4. Pesticides: Chemicals used for destroying pests.
5. Cotyledons: Seed leaves
6. Dicots: Plants having two seed leaves in each seed. Examples: peas, beans etc.
III. Short Question and Answers:
1. Name the outer covering of a seed.
A. The outer covering of a seed is called the seed coat.
2. What is a monocot seed?
A. A seed with one seed leaf is called a monocot seed. Examples: rice, wheat.
3. What is germination?
A. The development of a seed into a seedling is called germination.
4. What is meant by dispersal of seeds?
A. The scattering of seeds or fruits away from their parent plant by agents of nature is called
dispersal of seeds.
5. What are Kharif crops?
A. Crops grown from June to October (monsoon) are called Kharif crops. Rice, Maize, Jowar and Bajra
are Kharif crops.
6. Why do we spray pesticides on crops?
A. We spray pesticides on crops to protect them from being destroyed by pests.
IV. Long Question and Answers:
1. How are plants useful to us?
A. Plants are useful to us because:
[Link] give us food, such as cereals, pulses, vegetables, and fruits.
[Link] provide us with wood, fibre, rubber, gum, tea, and coffee.
[Link] also supply us with life-giving oxygen. Life on earth cannot exist
without plants.
2. Name different parts of seed. Draw a diagram and label its parts.
A. There are three parts of a seed.
[Link] Coat: A seed has an outer covering called a seed coat, which protects the baby
plant and cotyledons.
[Link] plant or embryo: The embryo is the tiny plant present inside the seed.
[Link]: Inside the seed coat there are seed leaves or cotyledons which are the
food for the baby plant(embryo).
3. Name the conditions necessary for germination.
A. Germinating seeds need air to breathe, water which makes the seed coat soft and warmth for the cells
of the seed to become active.
4. Why must seeds be dispersed? What are the different agents of dispersal?
A. Plants are fixed to the ground and cannot move from one place to another. If all baby plants grow
near the parent plant, all would not survive. They would not get enough sunlight, food, water, and space
to grow. So, seeds must be dispersed. The different agents of dispersal are wind, water, and animals.
Seeds are also dispersed by the explosion of fruits.
5. What is agriculture?
A. The practice of growing crops on a large scale is called agriculture.
V. HOTS:
1. A papaya has many seeds. Each papaya seed can grow into a new tree. However, that does not
happen. Why?
A. A papaya has many seeds, but all seeds do not grow into new plants because of the following
reasons:
[Link] seeds are not fully grown when they are separated from their parent plants.
[Link] are destroyed by strong winds or heavy rains or eaten-up by insects or birds.
[Link] do not get the right soil or enough air and water. Such seeds do not grow into new
plants.
2. Why can’t all seeds be dispersed by the wind?
A. Seeds of cotton, madar and hiptage are light and have hair or wings, so they can be easily carried
by the wind. All seeds do not have these characteristics. That is why all seeds cannot be dispersed by
the wind.
3. Why can’t we grow tea in Rajasthan?
A. Tea plants need moist soil and grow on the slopes of hilly areas. In Rajasthan, soil is sandy in nature.
So, we cannot grow tea in Rajasthan.
Ls: 2. Food and Health
I. New words:
1. Wholesome
2. Nutrition
3. Balanced diet
4. Posture
5. Flexibility
6. Disease
7. Communicable
8. Non-communicable
9. Diabetes
10. Arthritis
11. Beriberi
12. Scurvy
13. Goitre
14. Anaemia
15. Haemoglobin
16. Contaminate
17. Sanitation
18. Disinfection
19. Immunization
20. Pasteurization
II. Definitions:
1. Balanced diet: A balanced diet is defined as a diet that has all the nutrients, that is, carbohydrates,
fats, proteins, vitamins and minerals in the right quantity.
2. Roughage (fibre): Ingestible parts of plant that helps in easy digestion of food.
3. Disease: A disease is an abnormal condition in which a body is not able to function properly.
4. Deficiency disease: A disease caused due to the improper consumption of food.
5. Vaccination: The way of protecting ourselves by getting immunized against some diseases.
III. Short Question and Answers:
1. Name a disease caused by the lack of iron in food.
A. Anaemia.
2. What is a communicable disease?
A. Communicable diseases are diseases which can be passed on from one person to another.
3. Which diseases are caused by eating contaminated food?
A. Diseases like Typhoid, Cholera, Diarrhoea, Polio and Jaundice are caused by eating contaminated food.
4. Name three diseases for which you have been vaccinated.
(To be answered by students)
IV. Long Question and Answers:
1. How do houseflies spread diseases?
A. Houseflies carry germs from sewers and contaminate our food and water. Diseases can be spread
through contaminated food and water.
2. What precautions would you take to check the spread of malaria?
A. Malaria is caused by a protozoan which is carried by the female Anopheles mosquito. We can check
spread of malaria in following ways:
• By spraying oil on the water surface in tanks and ponds to destroy mosquito larvae.
• Preventing stagnation of water
• We should use a mosquito net or mosquito repellent at night.
3. Explain three ways of controlling communicable diseases.
A. The three ways of controlling communicable diseases are given below.
Disinfection:
• Germs of certain diseases are found on articles such as clothes, combs, towels, and toys that are
used by a patient. All such articles must be disinfected or boiled to kill germs.
• The floor and the walls of the room must be sprayed with a disinfectant.
Precaution:
• All cases of infectious diseases must be reported to the civic authorities.
• Children suffering from any communicable diseases should stay away from school till they recover.
Prevention:
• Personal and environmental cleanliness helps in preventing breeding of germs.
• Destruction of mosquitoes and their breeding grounds.
4. Which steps would you take to prevent the spread of germs from a sick person? (only discussion)
5. What is meant by pasteurization of milk?
A. The process of heating milk at a high temperature for at least half an hour and then quickly cooling it to
kill harmful bacteria is called pasteurization.
6. Raju has bleeding gums and swollen joints. Name the disease he is suffering from. What is the cause
and remedy of this disease?
A. Raju is suffering from scurvy which is caused by the deficiency of vitamin C.
Remedy: Vitamin C rich foods such as citrus fruits (oranges, lemons) amla, tomato, sprouted grains and
pulses help to prevent the disease.
7. Differentiate between communicable and non-communicable diseases.
Communicable diseases Non-communicable diseases
1. These diseases can spread from 1. These diseases do not spread from
one person to another. one person to another.
2. They are spread by germs. 2. They are not spread by germs.
Ex: Common cold, tuberculosis, Ex: Deficiency diseases, diabetes,
malaria, cholera etc. heart diseases etc.
V. HOTS:
1. When you have a cold and cough your parents ask you not to go to school. Why?
A. When we have a cold and cough, our parents ask us not to go to school because cold and cough is a
communicable disease caused by virus and spread through direct contact.
2. Vijay always has snacks like potato chips, noodles, and burgers. Mohan spends his holidays in front
of the computer. He does not play any outdoor games or do any other form of exercise. What trouble
could both be asking for?
A. To stay healthy, our body needs a balanced diet. Always having snacks like chips and burgers can make
Vijay obese because he is not getting a balanced diet from these food items.
B. To keep ourselves fit, we must do some exercise or play outdoor games. These help the nervous system
by supplying more oxygen to the brain. So, it is not good for Mohan to spend his holiday sitting in front of
the computer.
Ls: 5. Solids, Liquids, and Gases
I. New words
1. Matter
2. Molecules
3. Atoms
4. Arrangement
5. Substance
6. Particle
7. Elements
8. Compounds
9. Volume
10. Miscible
11. Immiscible
12. Soluble
13. Insoluble
14. Aerated
15. Pressure
16. Temporary
17. Permanent
18. Physical
19. Chemical
20. Reversed
II. Definitions:
1. Solution: A solution is a mixture of solvent and solute.
2. Solvent: A liquid in the largest amount into which the solute dissolves.
3. Solute: A solid usually present in lesser amount that dissolves in the solvent.
4. Homogenous solution: A solution in which the molecules of a solute are distributed equally
throughout the solvent. Example: Sugar solution, salt solution.
5. Heterogeneous solution: A solution in which the molecules are not equally distributed in a solvent. In
heterogeneous solution, some particles of a solute are left as a residue. Example: Mixture of sand and
water.
6. Miscible liquids: Liquids that dissolve in water. Examples: milk, alcohol etc.
7. Immiscible liquids: Liquids that do not get dissolved in water. Examples: Oil, petrol, diesel etc.
III. Short Question and Answers:
1. What is matter?
A. Anything that occupies space and has weight is called matter.
2. What are molecules?
A. A molecule is the smallest unit of a substance that has all the properties of that substance. Example:
A salt molecule is the smallest particle of salt.
3. What are molecules made up of?
A. Molecules are made up of atoms.
4. Name any two solids, two liquids and two gases that can dissolve in water.
A. Solids: Sugar and salt
Liquids: Milk and ink
Gases: Oxygen and carbon dioxide.
IV. Long Question and answers:
1. Why do solids have a fixed shape?
A. In solids, the molecules are very close to each other. They attract each other with great force. So,
solid is hard, rigid and has a definite shape and volume.
2. Why do liquids flow?
A. In liquids, the molecules are less closely packed. The attraction between the molecules in liquids is
less as compared with that in solids. Molecules can move around freely. That is why liquids can flow.
3. Write differences between Solids, Liquids and Gases.
solids liquids gases
Molecules are closely Molecules are less Molecules are very far
1 packed. closely packed. from each other.
Intermolecular force Intermolecular force is Very weak intermolecular
among the molecules medium. force.
2 is maximum.
Very small Big intermolecular Very big intermolecular
intermolecular spaces among the spaces among the
3 spaces among the molecules. molecules.
molecules.
A solid has a definite A liquid has a definite A gas has no definite
shape and volume. volume but no definite shape or volume.
4 shape. It takes the shape
of the container.
5. When do we say that liquids are miscible?
A. When two liquids mix with each other and appear as one liquid, they are said to be miscible. Ex. Milk
getting dissolved in water.
6. What is a physical change? Give two examples.
A. A physical change is a temporary change which can be reversed. The two examples of physical
changes are melting of ice and stretching of rubber.
7. What is a chemical change? Give two examples.
A. A chemical change is a permanent change which is irreversible and results in the formation of new
substances. The two examples of chemical change are burning of a paper and rusting of iron.
8. Give three characteristic features of a chemical change?
A. The three characteristic features of a chemical change are as follows
• It is a permanent change.
• It cannot be reversed.
• It results in the formation of new substances.
V. HOTS:
1. Bubbles appear when you open a bottle of soda but not when you open a bottle of mineral water.
Why?
A. A bottle of soda has carbon dioxide dissolved in it under great pressure. That is why, all aerated
drinks ‘fizz’ and bubbles appear when the bottle cap is opened. Carbon dioxide is not dissolved in a
bottle of mineral water. Hence there is no ‘fizz’ or bubbles appear when the bottle cap is opened.
2. A painter removes paint from his hand using turpentine. Why?
A. A painter removes paint from his hand using turpentine because paint and turpentine are miscible.
Ls: 6. Soil Erosion and Conservation
I. New words:
1. Erosion
2. Vegetation
3. Cultivation
4. Deforestation
5. Ploughing
6. Overgrazing
7. Conservation
8. Terraces
9. Afforestation
10. Embankments
II. Definitions:
1. Deforestation: Deforestation is defined as removal of trees in large numbers in order to clear land for
human development.
2. Embankment: A raised structure made up of stones, built along river banks to prevent flooding.
3. Terrace farming: Terrace farming is a method of farming whereby “steps” known as terraces are built
onto the slopes of hills and mountains to be used for crop cultivation.
III. Short Question and Answers:
1. What is meant by soil erosion?
A. The condition of wearing off or carrying away of soil by the action of water or wind over a period is
known as soil erosion.
2. What is soil conservation?
A. The protection of soil against erosion is called soil conservation.
3. What is meant by afforestation?
A. The process of growing more trees by planting saplings is known as afforestation.
4. When is ‘Earth Day’ celebrated every year?
A. Earth Day is celebrated on 22nd April.
5. What do the three R’s stand for?
A. The three R’s stand for Reduce, Reuse and Recycle.
IV. Long Question and Answers:
1. Why do we say that soil is the foundation of life?
A. Soil is the foundation of life because it supports plants which provide food and oxygen to all living things
on this planet.
2. How was soil formed from rocks?
A. When the earth was formed, there was only water, air, and hard rocks. The sun heated the rocks, the
rain made them cold, and the wind blew over them. This continued for thousands of years. As a result, the
rocks broke into small pieces. These small pieces again broke into still smaller pieces and were carried
around by wind and water. They rubbed against each other till they became tiny particles of soil.
3. How does water act as an agent of soil erosion?
A. Running water acts as an agent of soil erosion. Flooded rivers and running water remove the topsoil.
Running water washes the soil off the hill slopes.
4. Why do some rivers change their course?
A. A river coming down the hill carries a lot of mud with it. Upon reaching the plains, the flow of river slows
down. It leaves a part of the soil on its way. Over a period, soil accumulates and makes the river change its
course.
5. How is man responsible for soil erosion?
A. Man is responsible for soil erosion in the following ways:
• due to cutting down of trees soil becomes loose and is easily carried away.
• Ploughing of hill slopes.
• Overgrazing by cattle
•
6. List three ways by which soil can be conserved.
A. Soil can be conserved in following three ways:
a. By afforestation: growing trees.
b. By growing cover crops in plains such as grass and creepers.
c. By cutting the hill slope into steps or terraces.
d. By building embankments along riverbanks.
V. HOTS:
1. Ramu the gardener is trying to pull out weeds. However, he must apply great force. Why do you think
he had to apply so much force?
A. Ramu must apply great force in pulling out weeds because the roots of the weeds hold the soil particles
firmly together.
Ls: 7. Rocks and Minerals
I. New words:
1. Minerals
2. Igneous
3. Sedimentary
4. Metamorphic
5. Magma
6. Granite
7. Quartz
8. Feldspar
9. Pumice
10. Obsidian
11. Conglomerate
12. Fossils
13. Gneiss
14. Quartzite
15. Metallic
16. Non-metallic
17. Platinum
18. Petroleum
19. Paraffin
20. Resources
II. Definitions
1. Magma: The hot liquid rock that lies in huge underground pockets of earth.
2. Fossils: Traces of ancient plant and animal life.
3. Ore: Impure form of a metal found in the earth’s crust.
4. Fossil fuels: Fuels obtained from the dead and decaying matter of plants and animals buried deep in
the ground for decades.
III. Short Question and Answers:
1. What are rocks made up of?
A. Rocks are made up of minerals.
2. What are minerals?
A. A mineral is a natural non-living substance
3. What is slate commonly used for?
A. Slate is used to make slates and blackboards.
4. Name two valuable underground resources.
A. Coal and petroleum are valuable underground resources.
5. Name any two places in India where coal mine is located.
A. Two places in India where coal mines are situated are Suhagpur (Madhya Pradesh) and Dhanbad
(Jharkhand).
IV. Long Question and Answers:
1. How are igneous rocks formed?
A. Igneous rocks are formed by the cooling and hardening of hot liquid rock material called magma.
2. What are ores? Name any four common ores.
A. Ores are natural combination minerals from which metals can be obtained. The four common ores are
hematite, bauxite, pyrite and calamine.
3. Why are coal and petroleum important to man?
A. Coal and petroleum are important to us because they contribute greatly to our total energy supply and
are used as fuel
a. for cooking
b. for heating
c. for producing electricity
d. in steam engines and
e. in blast furnaces
Petroleum is also used as a fuel in different forms. It is also used for dry-cleaning, making lubricating oil,
printing ink and making medicines.
4. Why is petroleum called a fossil fuel?
A. Petroleum is called as fossil fuel because it is formed from the dead remains of ancient land and sea
creatures buried in layers, millions of years ago.
5. Write two uses of limestone.
A. Limestone is used for making bricks and glass and for separating pure metals from their ores.
V. HOTS:
1. Mrs. Sinha wants to buy a ring for her daughter’s wedding. Which rock would you like in the ring?
A. She would like to buy a conglomerate rock to fit into the ring for her daughter’s wedding.
2. She has also bought some metal utensils for the house. Which metals do you think these utensils
could be made up of?
A. These utensils would be made up of stainless steel.
Ls: 8. Animals Everywhere
I. New words:
1. Habitat
2. Adapted
3. Amoeba
4. Paramecium
5. Spiracles
6. Haemoglobin
7. Amphibian
8. Rodents
9. Mammals
10. Insects
11. Reptiles
12. Creatures
13. Posture
14. Migration
15. Defence
16. Adapted
17. Breeding
18. Locusts
19. Transmitters
20. Patterns
II. Definitions:
1. Habitat: The natural home or surroundings of an animal where it lives, eats, grows, and reproduces
called
its habitat.
2. Haemoglobin: A substance in the blood that gives it the red colour and carries oxygen.
3. Spiracles: Insects breathe through air holes on their bodies. They are called as spiracle
5. Migration: The mass movement of animals from one place to another in search of food and shelter is
called
migration.
6. Hibernation: The process of continuous sleep by animals during winter is known as hibernation.
III. Short Question and Answers:
1. Why do animals need to take in oxygen?
A. Animals take in oxygen while breathing because oxygen burns the food within their bodies and releases
energy for various activities.
2. Why do animals need to move?
A. Animals need to move to search for food, protect themselves and their babies from being hunted and
build resting and breeding places.
3. What is the difference in the way a tadpole and a frog breathe?
A. Baby frog (tadpole) breathes through its gills whereas an adult frog breathes through its lungs on land
and through its moist skin in water.
4. What are the characteristic features of teeth in herbivores?
A. Herbivores like cows, goats and giraffe have sharp front teeth for biting and strong broad teeth for
chewing.
5. Why do some animals migrate?
A. Some animals migrate to escape harsh weather, to search for food and to reach their breeding grounds.
IV. Long Question and answers:
1. Name a few animals found around you. Write one characteristic feature of each animal.
A. Few groups of animals found around us are fish, amphibians, mammals, insects, birds, and reptiles.
➢ A fish breathes through its gills.
➢ A frog is an amphibian. A baby frog or a tadpole breathes through its gills. An adult frog breathes
through its lungs on land and through its moist skin in water.
➢ Mammals breathe with the help of lungs.
➢ Insects are six-legged creatures that usually use their legs for movement.
➢ The forelimbs of a bird are in the form of wings which help it to fly.
➢ Reptiles have a dry scaly skin and lay soft-shelled eggs on land.
2. How is the breathing process of an insect different from that of a fish?
A. Insects breathe through air holes in on their bodies called spiracles. The spiracles lead to air tubes which
form a fine network that reaches every tissue of the body. The body tissues absorb oxygen and give out
carbon dioxide.
A fish breathes through its gills. Gills are richly supplied with blood vessels to allow exchange of gases. The
gills absorb oxygen from water and release carbon dioxide.
3. What special features help water animals to move?
A. The water animals move with the help of fins, webbed feet, and paddle like limbs.
4. How do insects move?
A. Insects move with the help of their legs and wings.
➢ Some insects like ants and cockroaches crawl on their legs.
➢ A grasshopper uses its long hind legs for hopping.
➢ Insects like butterflies have one or two pair of wings to fly.
5. Snakes are reptiles without any legs. How do they move?
A. Snakes move with the help of plates on the underside of their bodies which are attached to their ribs.
The plates act like feet and ribs act like legs. Strong muscles and flexible bones also help them to move.
IV. HOTS:
1. Which of these is really a fish? (Silver fish, starfish, and jellyfish)
A. Silverfish are small wingless insects. Starfish are marine animals which possess a wide diversity of body
forms and feeding methods. Jellyfish are not really fish. Unlike fish, jellyfish do not have a skeleton or a
well-developed nervous system.
2. What is the difference between an owl and an ostrich?
A. Owls have large forward-facing eyes and ear holes. They can rotate their heads and neck up to 270° in
either direction. They are nocturnal in nature and their vision is exceptionally good in low light. They are
flying birds. They mainly feed on small mammals and insects. Unlike owls, Ostriches are flightless birds as
they weigh around 120kg. They are not nocturnal creatures.
3. A bat and a bird can fly, yet they are different from each other. How?
A. The bat and a bird can fly but both are different from each other.
A bat is a mammal. It gives birth to young ones and female bats nurse their young ones until they are
nearly adult size. Birds are not mammals as they lay eggs. A bird’s body is covered with feathers and a bat’s
body is covered with fur.
4. A dolphin lives in water whereas a monkey lives on land or on trees. Yet they are like each other in at
least one respect. What is it?
A. Both dolphin and monkey are mammals. Both breathe with the help of lungs.