Question Bank for Introduction to Electronics & Communication

(BESCK-204C)
Module – 1
Power Supplies

1. With neat block diagram explain the working of a DC power supply. Also mention the
principal components used in each block. (MQP1 – 7M)
2. What is a rectifier? What are the different types of rectifiers?
3. With a neat circuit diagram, explain the working of a half-wave rectifier along with
relevant waveforms.
4. A mains transformer having a turns ratio of 44: 1 is connected to a 220 V r.m.s. mains
supply. If the secondary output is applied to a half-wave rectifier, determine the peak
voltage that will appear across a load.
5. What is the need for reservoir and smoothing circuits? Explain.
6. Explain the working of a half-wave rectifier with reservoir capacitor along with relevant
waveforms.
The R-C smoothing filter in a 50 Hz mains operated half-wave rectifier circuit consists
of R1 = 100 Ω and C1 = 1,000 μF. If 1 V of ripple appears at the input of the circuit,
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determine the amount of ripple appearing at the output.

A half-wave rectifier is fitted with an R-C smoothing filter comprising R = 200 Ω and C
= 50 μF. If 2 V of 400 Hz ripple appear at the input of the circuit, determine the
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amount of ripple appearing at the output.

9. Explain the working of bi-phase full wave rectifier circuit with neat diagram. (MQP2 – 8M)
10. With a neat circuit diagram, explain the working of a bi-phase rectifier along with relevant
waveforms. Also explain how the output changes when a reservoir capacitor is used.
11. With neat circuit diagram and waveforms explain the working of bridge rectifier.
(MQP1 – 8M)
12. With a neat circuit diagram, explain the working of a bridge rectifier along with relevant
waveforms. Also explain how the output changes when a reservoir capacitor is used.
13. What is a voltage regulator?
14. Explain the operation of a simple shunt Zener voltage regulator. (MQP2 – 7M)
15. A 5 V zener diode has a maximum rated power dissipation of 500 mW. If the diode is to
be used in a simple regulator circuit to supply a regulated 5 V to a load having a resistance
of 400 Ω, determine a suitable value of series resistor for operation in conjunction with a
supply of 9 V.

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16. If a 9 V zener diode is to be used in a simple shunt regulator circuit to supply a load having
a nominal resistance of 300 Ω, determine the maximum value of series resistor for
operation in conjunction with a supply of 15 V.
17. Explain the terms output resistance and voltage regulation with respect to voltage regulator.
18. The following data were obtained during a test carried out on a d.c. power supply:
(i) Load test
Output voltage (no-load) = 12 V
Output voltage (2 A load current) = 11.5 V
(ii) Regulation test
Output voltage (mains input, 220 V) = 12 V
Output voltage (mains input, 200 V) = 11.9
V
Determine (a) the equivalent output resistance of the power supply and (b) the regulation
of the power supply.
19. The following data were obtained during a load test carried out on a d.c. power
supply: Output voltage (no-load) = 8.5 V
Output voltage (800 mA load) = 8.1 V
Determine the output resistance of the power supply and estimate the output voltage at a
load current of 400 mA.
20. The following data were obtained during a regulation test on a d.c. power
supply: Output voltage (a.c. input: 230 V) = 15 V
Output voltage (a.c. input: 190 V) = 14.6 V
Determine the regulation of the power supply and estimate the output voltage when the
input voltage is 245 V.
21. What is a voltage multiplier?
22. With circuit diagram explain the following: Voltage Doubler, Voltage Tripler (MQP2 – 5M)

Amplifiers
1. What is an amplifier?
2. List and describe the main types of amplifiers. (MQP2 – 7M)
3. Explain the following terms related to amplifier: (a) Gain (b) Input resistance (c) Output
resistance
4. An amplifier produces an output voltage of 2 V for an input of 50 mV. If the input and
output currents in this condition are, respectively, 4 mA and 200 mA, determine: (a) the
voltage gain (b) the current gain (c) the power gain.
5. The following measurements were made during a test on an amplifier:

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Vin = 250 mV, Iin = 2.5 mA, Vout = 10 V, Iout = 400 mA

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 Determine: (a) the voltage gain (b) the current gain (c) the power gain (d) the input
resistance.
6. An amplifier has a power gain of 25 and identical input and output resistances of 600 Ω.
Determine the input voltage required to produce an output of 10 V.
7. Explain the following terms related to amplifier: (a) Frequency response (b) Bandwidth
(c) Phase shift
8. Write a note on frequency response characteristics of an amplifier circuit, clearly
mentioning the half power frequencies. (MQP1 – 6M)
9. Mention advantages of negative feedback in amplifiers circuits. With relevant equations
and diagram explain the concept of negative feedback. (MQP1 – 7M)
10. Explain the concept of negative feedback with a neat diagram. Show how negative
feedback stabilizes the overall gain of an amplifier.
11. An amplifier with negative feedback applied has an open-loop voltage gain of 50, and one-
tenth of its output is fed back to the input (i.e. β = 0.1). Determine the overall voltage gain
with negative feedback applied. If the amplifier’s open-loop voltage gain increases by 20%,
determine the percentage increase in overall voltage gain.
12. An amplifier with negative feedback applied has an open-loop voltage gain of 250, and 5%
of its output is fed back to the input. Determine the overall voltage gain with negative
feedback applied. If the open-loop voltage gain increases by 20% determine the new value
of overall voltage gain.
13. An integrated circuit that produces an open-loop gain of 100 is to be used as the basis of an
amplifier stage having a precise voltage gain of 20. Determine the amount of feedback
required.
14. An amplifier produces an open-loop gain of 180. Determine the amount of feedback
required if it is to be operated with a precise voltage gain of 50.
15. What are multi-stage amplifiers? What are the different methods used for interstage
coupling?

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Module – 2
Oscillators
1. What is an oscillator?
2. Explain the concept of positive feedback with a neat diagram. Show how positive feedback
increases the overall gain of an amplifier.
3. An amplifier with a gain of 8 has 10% of its output fed back to the input. Determine the
gain of the stage (a) with negative feedback (b) with positive feedback.
4. Explain the conditions for oscillation.
5. With a neat circuit diagram, explain ladder network oscillator.

oscillation of a three-stage ladder network in which C = 10 nF and R = 10 kΩ.

6. List and explain conditions for sustained oscillations. Determine the frequency of

(MQP1 – 6M)

C = 10 nF and R = 10 kΩ.
7. Determine the frequency of oscillation of a three-stage ladder network oscillator in which

8. A phase-shift oscillator is to operate with an output at 1 kHz. If the oscillator is based on a

three-stage ladder network, determine the required values of resistance if three capacitors
of 10 nF are to be used.
9. With a neat circuit diagram, explain Wien bridge oscillator.
10. In a Wien bridge oscillator based on an operational amplifier, if 𝐶1 = 𝐶2 = 100 𝑛𝐹,
determine the output frequencies when (a) 𝑅1 = 𝑅2 = 1 𝑘𝛺 and (b) 𝑅1 = 𝑅2 = 6
𝑘𝛺.
11. In a Wien bridge oscillator based on an operational amplifier, 𝐶1 = 𝐶2 = 22 nF.
Determine the values of 𝑅1 and 𝑅2 required to produce an output at exactly 400 Hz.
12. What is a multivibrator? What are the principal types of multivibrators? Distinguish
between them.
13. Describe the working of a single stage astable oscillator using an opamp. (MQP2 – 5M)
14. Write a note on crystal controlled oscillators.

Operational Amplifiers:
1. What is an operational amplifier? Sketch the circuit symbol for an operational amplifier.
Label each of the connections.
2. Explain the following parameters of an op-amp: (a) Open-loop voltage gain (b) Closed-loop
voltage gain (c) Input resistance (d) Output resistance
3. During measurements on an operational amplifier under open-loop conditions, an output
voltage of 12 V is produced by an input voltage of 1 mV. Determine the open-loop voltage
gain expressed in dB.
4. An operational amplifier operating with negative feedback produces an output voltage of
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 2 V when supplied with an input of 400 μV. Determine the value of closed-loop voltage gain.
5. An operational amplifier with negative feedback applied produces an output of 1.5 V when

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6. An operational amplifier has an input resistance of 2 MΩ. Determine the input
current when
an input voltage of 5 mV is present.
7. Explain the following parameters of an op-amp: (a) Input offset voltage (b) Full-
power bandwidth (c) Slew rate
8. With the aid of a sketch, explain what is meant by the term ‘slew rate’. Why is this
important?
9. A perfect rectangular pulse is applied to the input of an operational amplifier. If it
takes 4 μs
for the output voltage to change from –5 V to +5 V, determine the slew rate of the
device.
10. A wideband operational amplifier has a slew rate of 15 V/μs. If the amplifier is used
in a circuit with a voltage gain of 20 and a perfect step input of 100 mV is applied to
its input, determine the time taken for the output to change level.
11. List and explain the ideal and real characteristics of op-amp.
12. With neat circuit diagrams, explain the three basic configurations for operational
amplifiers.
13. Explain how capacitors can be added to modify the frequency response of op-amps.