OSH
INTRODUCTION
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Discuss OSH Data in Occupational Injury, Accident,
Illness/diseases in construction industry.
Identify the common cause of injury, accident, diseases
Course in construction industry.
Discuss importance of OSH.
objectives Identify the factor that contribute to accidents.
Discuss the cost of accident.
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Occupational health and safety (OHS)
Introduction relate to health, safety, and welfare
issues in the workplace.
to
Occupational
OHS includes the laws, standards, and
Safety & programs that are aimed at making the
workplace better for workers, along
Health with co-workers, family members,
customers, and other stakeholders.
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Health shall connote a sound state
of the body and mind of the worker,
Common which enables him to perform his job
normally, in a state of well-being.
Definition of
Terms in Safe or Safety shall refer to the
physical or environmental conditions
OSH of work or employment, which
substantially comply with the
provisions of this Standards.
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Employment Situation in
Statistical January 2019
Data of • More males are employed than
females. Three in every five (61.7%)
Safety and of the estimated 41.8 million
Health in the employed persons.
• Employed females-38.3 percent of the
Workplace- total employed persons.
PSA 2019 • The country’s labor force slipped by
1.0 percent from 44.098M in January
2018 to 43.659M in January 2019
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A. Occupational Injury and Diseases
Three out of every five (66.1%) cases of
occupational injuries were cases without workdays
lost.
Temporary incapacity cases (32.6%).
Fatal cases (0.6% or 13).
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Cases of Occupational Injuries with Workdays Lost
Types of Injuries
5.5
15.5
53.7
17.3
Superficial and open wounds Fractures Foreign body in the eye Dislocation,sprians & strains
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The most common injured parts
of the body among workers in
the construction industry were
Parts of the wrists and hands (33.3%).
Body
Other parts of the body mostly
Injured injured were arms and shoulders
(25.7%), head (21.5) and lower
extremities (10.9%).
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Half (46.6%) of cases of occupational
injuries with workdays lost were caused
by stepping on, striking against or struck
by objects, excluding falling objects.
Causes of
Injury This was followed by falls of persons
(15.2%) and caught in or between objects
(13.6%).
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The top three (3)
agents of occupational
Agents of injuries:
Injury • machines or equipment
(33.3%)
• hand tools (22.8%)
• materials or objects (22.1%).
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Laborers and unskilled workers were the
most injured type of occupation in the
construction industry at 34.4 percent.
Cases of
Injuries by
This was followed by craft and related
Occupation trade workers (24.8%), and both the
technicians and associate professionals’
group and service workers and shop and
market sales workers group with 10.6
percent shares each.
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Common Occupational Diseases
Back pains-Most common
b.
Occupational neck-shoulder pains
Diseases essential hypertension
occupational dermatitis (9.4%).
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Statistical Every year 2.78 million workers
Data of Safety die from occupational
and Health- accidents and work-related
International diseases (of which 2.4 million
Labor are disease-related) and an
Organizations additional 374 million workers
(ILO) suffer from non-fatal
occupational accidents.
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High Standards for safety, housekeeping and
cleanliness
Promote safety culture in the organizations
IMPORTANCE Reduce absenteeism
OF OSH
Compliance with the legal requirements
Reducing business costs
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Enables a company to win and
retain business customers
IMPORTANCE Worker Compensation insurance
OF OSH claims decrease
Company most valuable asset
are protected-Human Resources
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Why is it important to
Manage Safely?
MORAL
LEGAL
FINANCIAL
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Poor Training and Supervision
Factor that Inadequate Emphasis on Safety
contribute to Excessive Work Demands
construction
accidents Hazardous Worksite
Faulty Equipment
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Problems arising from
workers or the work
Factor that team
contribute to
construction
accidents Deficiencies with risk
management
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Cost of accident-ICEBERG THEORY
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A. Accident Theory
The Domino Theory
88% of all accidents are
caused by unsafe acts of
people,
10% by unsafe actions,
2% by “acts of God”.
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Accident Theory
2. Human errors Models
• Human Factor
• Human Behavior
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Accident Theory
3. Multiple Causation Theory
According to this theory, the contributory factors can be
grouped into the following two categories:
Behavioral
Environmental.
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4. James Reason Active and
Latent Failure
• Accidents-caused by active failures
Accident or latent conditions which can lead
to human error or violations.
Theory • Active failures-acts or conditions
precipitating the incident situation.
• Latent conditions are the
managerial influences and social
pressures.
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Accident is the final event in
Accident/Incid an unplanned process that
results in injury or illness to an
ent employee and possibly property
damage.
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Types of Accident
Struck-by
Struck-against
Contact-by-substance and
materials
Contact-with-harmful substance
and materials
Caught-on, caught in and
caught in between
Fall-To-below
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Over-exertion
Types of
Accident Bodily reaction
Over exposure
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Types of
Incident
Accident
Injury Accident
Damage-only
accident
Near miss
Dangerous
occurrence
Ill-health
incident
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Immediate Causes- unsafe acts and
conditions that resulted in or could
have resulted in an accident.
Causes of Root Cause-management system
Accident causes.
Underlying Cause-combination of
underlying factors involved in an
incident
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Unsafe Acts
Unsafe act is any act
that deviates from a
generally recognized safe
way or specified method
of doing a job and which
increases the probabilities
for an accident.
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Example of Unsafe Act
[Link] heavy and other construction
equipment without qualification or authorization.
2. Lack of/or improper use of PPE.
Unsafe Acts 3. Operation equipment at unsafe speeds.
4. Failure to warn.
5. Bypass or removal of safety devices.
6. Using defective equipment and power tools.
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Factors that contribute to Unsafe Acts
Society
Organization
project management
Supervision
Contractor
site condition
work group
individual characteristics
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Unsafe
Conditions
Unsafe condition is an
unsatisfactory physical
condition existing in a
workplace environment
immediately before an
accident that was
significant in initiating the
event.
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1. Defective equipment
2. Inadequate guards
Example
3. Fire hazards
of Unsafe
4. Workplace congestion
Condition
s 5. Inadequate or broken warning systems
6. Hazardous air conditions
7. Lack of cleaning and poor housekeeping
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Elimination
Substitution
Controlling
Engineering controls
Unsafe Acts
Warnings
Administrative and work practice
and Unsafe
controls Condition
Personal protective equipment
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Accidents are defined as unplanned
occurrences which result in injuries, fatalities,
loss of production or damage to property and
assets.
Summary
According to W.H. Heinrich (1931), who
developed the so-called domino theory, 88% of
all accidents are caused by unsafe acts of
people, 10% by unsafe conditions and 2% by
“acts of God”.
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Unsafe condition is an unsatisfactory physical
condition existing in a workplace environment
immediately before an accident that was
significant in initiating the event.
Summary
Unsafe act is any act that deviates from a
generally recognized safe way or specified
method of doing a job and which increases the
probabilities for an accident.
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Integrated Survey on Labor and Employment
(ISLE) is one of the regular establishment-based
surveys of the Philippine Statistics Authority
(PSA) which is conducted every two (2) years.
According to ILO every day, people die as a
result of occupational accidents or work-
Summary related diseases – more than 2.78 million
deaths per year.
Laborers and unskilled workers were the most
injured type of occupation.
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THANK YOU
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