•

Eth ics an d Sa fet y Measures

outco mes ------ - - ------ ------ -- ---- ------- ------- -----
corning ---- ------- -,
': ° n,e
a. t ill be able to:
. ,
!
5 tuden w
1 follow ethics in computing. n become responsible di it . . !
!- identify online threats. iJ take care of the di g al c'.hzens. I
• ,1 esponsible behaviour when online. gltal footprin ts. ~
: ·;--~
1
1 1
( -·
, show r .-.:.
---- --------- ------------------------------ --------- ---... _;r,.,
---- - t se
eople prefer to compl ete their tasks via the interne I"Vlces, 1•
such as sho .
..riadays, P b ki . h ppmg groceries,
r,JovY~ bills transfe rring money , oo ng tickets , and so on. The inte
rnet as turned th ld
.,;oa0 '
enviro nment . It can be used for learnin g e t . e wor into a
pa,- d more relaxed , n ertamm ent worki .
a11er an . is troubl. d ' ng, meeting
srn le and and even to comp lam about someth ing that
w peoP , th . mg, an so on Alm t
· os every
ne flife is touche d by e mteme t. Let us know more about it
aspect o

a 'Ibe Inter net

. ternet has becom e a vital part of human lif◄~It- is a global
Thew rks that en les the users·
· of interconnected compu ter netwo . . ~-- .
system - ,
e the inform ation and variou s resources with each othet\I t
to shar ~ - · • - 7

:ch -several advantages for every individual. However, it is a tool,

must be handle d with cautio n, as its misuse can be hazardous.

e) Advantages of the Inter net

r in this modern age.
1be internet has several advantages for every individual and it is extremely popula
Some of the advantages of the intern et are as follows:

vtducation
ional purposes
The j nternet has chanie d the traditional l~arning system. It is widely used for educat
a dramatic impact on
by scholars, students, and teachers to learn anytime and anywhere. It has shown
can search for any.. ----
higher education as more universities offer online courses. Using the internet, people
lves for competition
information, ublish their a ers and articles, ·ve their exams, re are themse
exams, and so on.

'convenient Mode of Comm unica tion

communicate with
The internet is a convenient and economical mode of communication. Users can
conferencing, instant ,
each other using various services available on the internet, like email, chat, video
messenger, etc.

~ iness
s online, which
The internet has brought new opportunities for businesses to offer goods and service

Logil( 2.0 I KIPS

 ·· ,:riliei ►M
---~-tis-
~
e~ , ,
.. .... ·"
 Know the Fact
~1illg ted emails, that are of commercial nature, sent indiscriminately
} s to~ d i v i d u a l s , or newsgroups. It unnecessarily uses the Cybercrlme 1s any
efer ailing , d Illegal activity done
11r.,,[Link] J1lurces and can also be use _ _to_spread computer
,;;.__ _ __,,..___ virus
_ _ or the other
_...:...:.....:.::=.:.: through the Internet,
10 ,. 's reso for example, Identity
.,stef11 ftwa!e· theft; where somebody
s1:1iciOll~ ! can steal your email Id
: or password and use
~ .f ~-.-~llnal
person
Information . It to send fake emails
jbe~ 0 the J11ain source of piracy, plagiarism, and other evil issues
. I to people with false
itlteroet ~s cy of information of an individual or an organisation. One l
/ Information about the
product or winning a
eful enough while handling one,s personal information, such as
eJatillg to priva
'(be
r Jd be car edit card number, etc., as they can be accessed by hackers or -·--
lottery, etc.

. Such eIements
3flle, addfess, eronal monetary gams.
sbO . can also disturb system
~deers for ie:~reading virus and changing program logics and outputs.
ucatiollS y Let's Know More
apP I

ferroristn . I Defamatfon~the
~ oral or written
cybet . us threat to the world, nowadays. Modem terrorist organisations communication that
,, serio b
It causes a et attacks on power plants, anks, commercial areas, or buildings of I Intends to harm or
perfoJ1ll ~argortance. 1his can be conducted remotely with the help of a mobile Idamage the reputation
I of a person, business,
I
11
auonal [Link] internet, which are less expensive than traditional terrorist : product, government,
1,._ rellglon, or nation.
[Link] and
Jlletbods.
CoillPutin Ethics ''
t) . t of moral princ~ples that gove~ the b~~viour of a gi:oup or an
~ .'. ual~unilarly~
l~thi s is a se . utin
com , . f P;Oce_
ethi· _ i~ as~~ d ures, ~?~al principles,
indi\'ld,. ca1practices at re ates the use ofa compute~It focuses on the ethical
and e~ t;tioii and use ofi:omputing·resources, and"fucludes new issues that
unple~e;by new technologies. It basically aims at encouraging the IT users to
are raise sible in order to utilise the technology tools judiciously, respect the
f the others, and acknowledge the rights and properties of the people on
be. respon
\flews o
the internet
the common ethical guidelines that should be followed while using a
Some Of
computer, areas follows:
~ ~o n~t use com~uter te~ology Jo ca~e ~ption or interference in the
I' other users' work. ·
emanded
/Y Do not spy on another person's computer data. ney to'"sfop- ·
des. Cyber
,- Do not use computer technology to steal information. aybe done
thesngtm
,- Do not contribute to the spread ofwrong information by using the computer thevldim
technology.
~ Avoid buying pirated software. Pay for software unless it is free.
(""

Logil 2.0 I KIPS

 -+> Ou not use someone else,s co
mputer resourc es without an authorisation.
~ It Is wrong to claim
ownership on a wor k• which is th e ou tp ut of someone
. else' •
<t> Before developing • k b t the so cia l im pa
software, th m s intellect
a ou ct 1t ca n have.
~ Be respectful and courteous ·
with the fellow me mb ers wh
ile communicating on the
int
~ Uneth ic al Prac tic ernet,
es
Some of th e co mm on uneth
ical practices th at are prev
alent in th e society are discu
ssed belo
Plagiarism \v:
Plagiarism is th e- u& a~
- hpitation_of th e ~angu~_ge
• 'so wn .
ori-,gmal work. It is cons idere d an d tho ug hts of an ot he r
on e a . f
cr im e or ra ud ul en t ac
.
·
describes 'plagiarism , .as fol . t. The Merriam pe rson pr0 .
Hr b
lows..:. - vve ster D·[Link] q
\. Y to ste ai an d pass of f lct1ol'tatj
(ideas or words of an ot he
one's own. r) as

~
/ to us e (another's pr od uc tio
n) , wi th ou t cre dit ing th e
source.
~ to co mm it lit era ry
theft.
.tw.
~Ao present as new and original, an idea or
/ derived fro m an existing so pr od uc t
urce.
In ter na tio na l Co py rig ht La
al p ws also state th at "th
1 11 • f •
tt e ec ~ . ro ~e rty f;~ d
pr ote cte
· , e expressio n o origi•nal 1'deas 1s·
considered
0 d by copyright laws", just like· th
orm~ e:r ek ss io ns <W un e-original inventions Ahn:t
(sue as a oo de r th e copyright protection
as long as they are recorde
the
or co mp ut er file). d in s~me rnannah
Pl ag iar ism ha s be co m er
. .. 'th
e very easy WI technolo .

l op tio ns . M ost cn tic s have gical advances, like web se

lin ke d carelessness, lazine arching and copy/i>aste
re as on s of plagiarism. ss, lac k of interest, an d arr
ogance as the ma·
~or
~ s to Prevent Plagiarism
pi e sim pl es t wa y to prev
ent plagiarism is 'Citation'.
fro in wh er e th e material ha Acknowledging th e origina
s be en taken is called 'Citatio l writer and source
n'. _ _
It in clu de s th e following ste _
ps:
~ Al l sources are neither accu
rate, no r do th ey validate th
m us t specify th e source, wh e information as accurate. Th
ich informs th e readers reg erefore, one 1
of on e's research. Citation ard ing th e basis ofone's ideas an d the
gives strength to your resou extent
rce.
~ In th e education
sector, students should be
ideas. Even if they wi sh to encouraged to present their
refer to the resources, they original an d innovathe
references. In this manner, sh ou ld be made aware of the pattern of
plagiarism can be avoided
wo rk ha rd an d br in g ou t the an d th e stu dents should be motivated
ir originality. ID

KIPS ILogbc 11
 ;>'
____ ...- ne can rephrase the [Link].
'5Jll1 0
,,1 gi 3ri round all the quoted words of another person to .
,oio1 r 3 rks a avo11u p1aglarasm.
13

A iJ :J' 1atiOfl fl

e~11LIO
't • • harassing, or targeting a person by
ke(~ f 11arr1110g,. ternet, in a deliberate mani:ter. This
,,•w 1 o the 1n -
CY , ~ 011 0 siJlg arks and threatening messages sent by
,; 11
'~rP'rS-~tinS re . _:-abQUt the _person either by emails .
01

&, 1
~.. .;VJ

, A~" ' ;101 :, • sLteS,

•
,,, J~ 111: roa rUJl'l .
ours .
posting embarrassing photos and
.
ri~.1, sPrtnet'· .,0 rPJ1S ~ derogatory remarks agamst gender,
erso
e~ .,ci~I l)fi the p . it)'•
r;i: ro ~ oatio
~ ,as or
i relisi011• cyberbullying
,,,-e, rre',eflt 11 ~ng measures to prevent cyberbullying:
;tO the fo o,
51eP Jd ,~e identity to unknown persons. V
. ~ s110 J,sclose your all . . ' . . .
)O t1D' OJ assword and pnvate miormation rom inquisitive peers. Do not give bullies an
,;OO ard your P . se the information on the social media latform. --~- ~
J ~e~ ·ty to 1111su .
I ., oP.r 0
~
herea
bouts of the person you meet onhne and know about him fully before ext d'
.i.e ,., friends b'ip. en mg
. ...,-h u•
5&1"" for
~ \)l' }laJl0 _ 1,ne profile to be checked by some trusted friends only.
1/ .
10
✓lle5tflct Y
our o1UJJ• • • •
bullied by someone, do not remain silent but take action against it. Do not be
, If oll are cyber language rather block the communication with the cyberbully and share this
~ I • e
"" your
[Link]. . .
rePl)]s1V ·th your parents. .
problelll wt

p}lishi!! din an email to a user, [Link] him to believe

. an act of sen
JtiS •
,, t d person· or orgamsa
at:rUSe
~
· ti'on. The •user 1s
· asKe
,_ d t o '
_ , . ~-. . .. .
tit is froJll is supposed to update <)'r validate his personal
•a ·tewbere e
-::;a awebs• -ame password, credit. card detail~ . .
etc. In this
vµ,• ch as usern , . . .
detaifs, su fthe fake website steal your identity and comllllt
erators o .
way the 0P e 1his could damage your reputation and cause
. your nam .
criJile5 IJl
financial losse~
beaVf /
o Prevent Phishing
Steps t - - - - - - •
/Iden~ suspe_cted phishing emc\ils that come from ~eco~ed ~enders. Guar? against ~cam..
Ji. t click on links, download files, or [Link] m emails from unknown senders.
JI Dono . . •
~eware or'links in emails that ask for the personal details.' ' - ·
♦ Enhance the security of your computer by protecting it with a firewall, spam filters, antivirus, and
anti-spyware software.
♦ Do not divulge personal information over the phone unless you initiate the call. Enter your sensitive

LrqJ 2.0 IKIPS

 , d b ·t tarts with https//: and vou
I b
Jnti, in secured websites only. The URL of a secure we s1 es r ro\v
dbpluys a green coloured icon of the closed lock. s~
~
th
Check your online accounts and bank statements regu]arly to ensure at no unauth 0r1s~ .

transactions are ma<le.

Hacking
Hacking refers to an ille al intrusion into a computer system or
etwork. Ha~ckers ai:._e highly technica1yeople who secretly break
into computers to steal important data or sometimes to deStroy
i:)rney not only st~l important data but also hack applications
and websites to change program logics. Hackers usually tamper
with data for unethical purposes, just for an obsession to break
the system's securities. Although hacking is done without any
consent from the user, yet it is not always destructive. [Link]~,
which is done for a good cause, such as nati9nal security, etc., is
known as Ethical hacking. ·'
· t hnical people, who are exp ·
There 1s an
· equivalent term to hacking, i.e., cracking. Crackers
fin are ec or passwor
·al d tails _ ds, etc. Somet;
ens..... iti
breaking mto systems, to steal important data, such as anci e ' . ' -'•tes
they use key loggers for this purpose. Crackers also cause harm to computers by d:stroymg data. Apa~
f th' h di . al h ing program logics, and outputs
rom 1s, t ey sturb applications by spreading m ware, c ang ·

Steps to ~ent Hacking

~ e p your passwords secret and change them periodically.
0pd;te you; operating systems ~d [Link], like antivirus, frequently.
~void using op_en Wi-Fi as it makes easy for hackers to steal the information and_downloa_d_~
mappropriate content. · · -,
~ Always make use of secure websites by looking at"i:he green lock si~·or https the addresson- bai
This ensures that the sensitive data, which-is passed .from your device, is encrypted, -making it
difficult for the hacker to decipher the information.
~ Always check permissions and authenticity on the apps before installing them. You should also
ensure that the apps are not accessing unnecessary information. For example,.a drawing app should
not have access to your contact list or network information.
~ Never store your credit card information on a website.
Spamming
Spams are unwanted bulk emails that come from any unknown sources. They
ar~ ~enerally se_nt in large numbers for commercial advertising. In spamming,
millions of copies of the same message are sent to the email users worldwide.
S~am is a serious security concern as it can be used to deliver trojan horse8>
V1rus, worms, spyware, and organise targeted phishing attacks.
 . m attackers keep sending bulk .
1etiJ11 es, sp3
as
M u·
a Bornblng
01 ill1s till th, .
mail serve
5°J1 '{l,15. pract ice is known
· r gets
(Lill• .
•fy spam with the help of the follow·ing:
·dentt a lllilic~ls .
c:Jl1 , . ld '1"tltln ltthnjque of
)'illl h t do not me u e your email address . h dirt.,~ I Wtb "'-r Into
es t a tn t e lo, d1ff•rtnt '°"'-·
ia.:.- . 011Iron; .. 'Wllli"I
' ~1,ss•S ,on1JT10n forms of spam. . • or Cc: fields •re use, Ptr~wti.1 tt)f
,he can have offensive language or links t ! hd~ ht/ 5tie
...... On.
span1s o the Webs·
~ sortie ropna . tecontent. lie, With any
in:JPP t Spamming
preven . •
5,eps to am filtering/bl~cking software.
. stall sp - - · ail ·
fl 111 - • ct that an em is a spam, do not respond .
v ou suspe . . ' ' Just delete it. Vlshlnc is •1..- er· .
"te lrninal
./ JfYS disabling the email chent s preView pane d . P':1Ctlce of Using SOcial
~
con·11 ider
tat
an reading emails in . influence over the
telephone .,,...,rn
, .,.,.. ' rnost
often using features
plaJ all ;nstant messages from people who are not in you . ' facilitated by Voice
~
·ect u•
fleJ 11 cl'ck
1 on the URL links within instant messenger uni
r contact
..
hst
~ ~er,!(VoiP), togjn
, access to sen~
~ po ot known source. ' ess it 1s received I~
fr~a . h • is a COmbinat1on of
e software and security pate es up-to-date. ~ olce• and "Phish' •
J{eep th - - - _ •ng .

~ . al Right to Privacy
difldu . - . . .
JJ) . . ·taI era, there has been a s_,gnifican1 increase in the use oftechnology. A,
Ill tJ,iS dill' is progressing. so thepnvacyparameters aredirninwung_ The internet
~chJlolog}'
~med for various purposes,
. . personal commuru·cati·~
such as for
~ , o!]llll information on any topic, and for financial transactions, etc. The use lot1s one Of the inost
aceessing
th
wternet can affect the privacy rights and personal data of a Person. ·~that
SOl)hlsttcated types Of ·
are applications

of ' is one of the major concerns

al . lhe
in one's life. . . right to privacy may be
f Perform aWide
Yarletyofa

pri'3'l' the claim of individu •• gr~ups, or lnSlilutions to determine when,

defined as hat extent the information about them could be communicated
h•"• and t:swPrivacy issues come into the picture when personal information
· d, and shared without the consent of the authorised
to the otbed me • • or
person
is collecte ' cerned• So, certain preventive measures should be taken to avoid
ine5S Con
bus ment of privacy.
the infringe
. LLt0 Protect Privacy '
~~
°'Pt'actlce
lning5eciets
~ careful whilesharing. your personal profile on the soda! networking sites.
· ndivlduals,

~~~
. ever share your login details with anyone.
.
ors, rivals,
mments
for
~leteanysensitive data that is not m use. ltical,or

Logix 2.0 I KIPS

 <i> Never dick on a link sent to you via text or email from a stranger.
0 Protect your onllne privacy by disabling the cookies in the web browser bei~g used. A cooltj
a small text file stored on your computer's browser directory that collects e mformauon Of e ~
th

online activity and reports back to the host. >'°lit

~ Install security software, like antivirus, anti-spyware, or firewall software to protect Your 8Yst
against intrusions and infections. ell\
~ Lock your system when not in use.

\ Software Piracy
/ When software is copied and distribute~ illegall:, it is calle4
~ftware pirac ~ licence or copyright is requtred to copy
e genuine grams of someone else.

You encourage software piracy when:

~ you purchase a single licenced copy of the software and
load it onto several computers contrary to the licence's
terms. This is called Softlifting.
~ you make unauthorised copies of the copyrighted software and distribute them.
~ you install unauthorised copies of software on the hard disks of the personal computers.
~ you make unauthorised selling of software for temporary use or sell or buy the software CDs/
DVDs on rent.
~revent Software Piracy
~ Buy the lice~ced copy of the softw~e. Follow the terms and conditions of the licence for each
software product you purchase. Never make copies and circulate them.
~ Purchase software CDs from a reputed seller \o ensure that it is genuine. Avoid using illegal en
-=..:=::::::..::::::.:.:;::;:....=::=..:~=-=-~.;.!--';"◄◄---:-'° s
given by your friends to listen to your favourite music or watch movies.
~ If software is available onlin~download it directly from the manufacturer's website;
-
~ Register your software to avoid softlifting.

#ellectual Property Rights <! ~ f(_

/ futellectu;,j Property ;, a term that relerft<;> the_legal P!!'PertJ( righ!S of a p~rson ov_er his/her crealioq
\;r_mind, both artistic and commerc~al)Jnder Intellectual [Link], the owners are granted certain
exclusive rights to ensure that the c(e'ator's hard work is safe and protected from the unauthorised
copying and piracy. ..

Steps to Protect Intellectual Property Rights

~ Patent your Inventions: A patent is a right, relating to the new inventions that grants the u· IVCi.,-t~
the sole right to make, use, and sell that invention for a specific period of time. The validity
for a patent in India is 20 years from the date of filing the patent application.

KIPS I
 ur Art and Publications: A copyright is a le al rl h
0 ,,.;ght yoal ork. The rights provided underthe C g . hg t granted by the law to the creator
C 1'\
I . r 1110
origin
wor ,
kwtranslation of the work, and the distri'boptr1°18 t law prohibit the others to create a
. h u ion ofthe w k l
10 fwe ·f 5001eone copies t e Work Without th . or lo l 1e public. legal action
r,y -i-en i
,o,
b• IV
. .
. and literary crealtons, such as nov
e pern11ssio11 of th
1 1
I . •
e aut >or or orgamsalton.
,o _
J vers artisduc
caf1 _,.J es1
·gns· The copyright of work lasts fio remore
S, p ayhS. Poems, musical compositions, and
t an se ty
[Link]•
' ·,ec[U.l-
wor. · ven ,years. even after the death
of its •" Trademarks: This protects your brand
·stet Yo"'. s that identify and distinguish th
~
names, logos, packaging, and the other
Jteg·~cti"e Odes1g,n The validity period for a trad e pk~oducts of one manufacturer or seller from
Jistl ther s. emar 1s ten y d
v> f the · ears an can be renewed.
il1't o ].\'feasures while °:sing Computer and th I
et}' - -- ~ et
~ P various safety measures that should be d -
LJS 0 ok at th• un •naken while using a computer or the
i et
Jlet: urf th ·
;otef 'Jlors shOuld always s e internet under the supervision of their parents.
\I",, t,11 ntS Should decide and sugges_t age appropriate
. websites to their children.
./pare th hances of the attack of hacke d ·k '
10
•1 0 ro . jJnise
t,' '1' de must
c consist of at least six charrs ct
an crac ers,
th one should use strong passwords. A
~ ,rron;:
(
' asswor · a ers more e characters, stronger the password)
a combination ofletters, numbers, and SYJl?-bols (@, #, $,%,etc.) if allowed
th
-r. atavo1·d
losing data privacy
ti while
. th transmitting the data from one site to another, encryption can
~ ,o. lemented Encryp on ts e process of transforming data into unreadable code. The result _
be ilDP ,rypted file, which 1s transferred over the network. ll.t the' receiving end it undergoes a
an encailed Decryption, which converts the encrypted information into a readable form.
isrocess
P computer for automatic software and operating system updates to make it robust ~•'11c
S t up your ---- , -if
t Taking
-~ .clar
reo data
- backup is the primary and most reliable method of data protection.
~~ ted and strange emails and be cautious of attachments, links, and forms in emails that
ore unw::an:::;-:..-::--::::::Y,;:-----------
~ ~mef :rom unknown people. .,- _
coak use of fi rewalls . A firewall is a security system that prevents the unauthorised
b' . people to
~ M~~
b
fin bof oth. It
...,......---:- "YO""Ufr s,;:vysstteemm and network. It can be either hardware or software or a com mation
access d the gateway of a network and follows a specific set of rules de ed y the user
. plemente on th . . d t . k
is ilil
or the network a d mm1s
· · t r ator. Based on these rules , it controls e mcommg an ou gomg networ
traffic.
0 Digital Footprints
- neral c tprm · tis the imnression left by a foot or shoe on the
100 ~ rI . • , •
Inge d or,a su ' . rf:ace, similarl a-digital footprint
- is an rmpress1on
b .
groun • about a person at exists ori the internet ecaus~
or inform~tion . - ·ty. is is e information transmitted online
f hi O e actiVI • •
o s . tration form email attachments, online shoppmg,
·
via
filling a regis ' ·
' g on a social networking site, uploading videos,
· digi·tal ~•
commen tin

Logix 2.0 I KIPS

 images, etc., all of which leave a trail of personal informat ion available to the others. This in£
0
gets logged in a database . A digital footprint is also known as a digital dossier. 1'lliatio
ek./; ~
Digital footprints can be categorised into active and passive data traces. fgie active ~~ifi
traces, which the user leaves intentionally. Emails, chat~so cial network ing sites, and blog Ose cl.a~
some of the ways with which a user can create active digital footprints. Posts iltt
{J>assive data traces, connected to an individual, are generated by the others 0 ~ gathered throu
user's online activities without his knowledg~ Few activities that create pasSIVe data traces, in&h ti},
( surfing the sites for searching information, online shopping, etc.) c}llde

Implications of Digital Footprints

~s discu~sed above, all the online activities leave b~hind footprints .or in~orm_ation trac~s. lhe
mformation traces could be used positively or negatively. So, before mdulgm g m any actiVih. Se
·1, Ot}
should think over its outcomes. e·
Follow t~e guidelines given below while being onlin~

~ v e r post any silly or abusive comment.

~ Tune the privacy settings ~f your social media account in a way that only your family or friends
see your posts and pictures. Cit!}
~ not log on to an inappropriate website.
~ n o t upload any inapt picture.
~ o ~ d accepting frie~d req~from the strangers.
~ Be vigilant and extra cautious while being online as your carelessness or ignoranc e may generate
negative digital footprint, which can spoil your reputation. a
-'

I ~ Compute r ethics is a set of procedures, moral principles, and ethical practices that regulates the use
of
computer.
~ Plagi,,/sm is the usage or imitation of the language and thoughts of another person and projected as
on;i5 own original work.
~ Cyberbullying is an act of harming, harassing, or targeting a person by another person
using the
;\Anternet, in a deliberate manner.
~ Phishing is an act of sending an email to a user, misleading him to believe that it is from
a triJsteil
person or organisation.
~ Hacking refers to an illegal intrusion into a computer system or network.
~ Spams are unwanted b~ emails that come from any unknown sources.