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Light Refraction: Key Concepts & Formulas

The document explains the concepts of refraction, detailing how light bends when transitioning between different media. It outlines the behavior of light when moving from rarer to denser and vice versa, emphasizing changes in speed, wavelength, and direction. Additionally, it provides important formulas related to refraction, mirrors, lenses, and magnification.

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5 views3 pages

Light Refraction: Key Concepts & Formulas

The document explains the concepts of refraction, detailing how light bends when transitioning between different media. It outlines the behavior of light when moving from rarer to denser and vice versa, emphasizing changes in speed, wavelength, and direction. Additionally, it provides important formulas related to refraction, mirrors, lenses, and magnification.

Uploaded by

ap1124576
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Light – Reflection and Refraction

Corrected and Simplified Notes

Based on notes by Gaurav Suthar – Corrected by ChatGPT


Refraction
Correct of Light
Diagram: – Key
Denser Rules
to Rarer Medium

1. Refraction is the bending of light when it passes from one medium to another.
2. When light goes from a **rarer to denser** medium, it:
- Slows Denser
down Medium Rarer Medium

- Bends **towards** the normal


3. When light goes from a **denser to rarer** medium, it:
- Speeds up
Refracted Ray
- Bends **away from** the normal

✔ This is due
Incident Ray
to change in speed of light in different media.
Normal
✔ Frequency remains unchanged; wavelength and speed change.
Important Formulas

• Snell’s Law: sin(i) / sin(r) = µ


• Refractive Index: µ = Speed of light in vacuum / Speed of light in medium
• Mirror Formula: 1/f = 1/v + 1/u
• Lens Formula: 1/f = 1/v - 1/u
• Magnification (mirror): m = -v/u
• Magnification (lens): m = v/u
• Power of Lens (P): P = 100 / f (in cm) or P = 1 / f (in m)

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