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BMI, Derivatives, and Optimization Solutions

The document contains a tutorial worksheet with solutions to various mathematical problems, including BMI calculation, partial derivatives, critical points, constrained minimization, and profit maximization. Key results include a BMI of 24.69, critical points at (0,0) and (-1,0), and maximum profit at (100,100) under constraints. The document also discusses optimization techniques using Lagrange multipliers for constrained problems.

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chiangkaimin2609
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6 views3 pages

BMI, Derivatives, and Optimization Solutions

The document contains a tutorial worksheet with solutions to various mathematical problems, including BMI calculation, partial derivatives, critical points, constrained minimization, and profit maximization. Key results include a BMI of 24.69, critical points at (0,0) and (-1,0), and maximum profit at (100,100) under constraints. The document also discusses optimization techniques using Lagrange multipliers for constrained problems.

Uploaded by

chiangkaimin2609
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Chapter 6 Tutorial Worksheet - Full

Solutions
Question 1: BMI Calculation
(a) BMI is given by the formula: M = w / h²
Given w = 80 kg, h = 1.8 m:
M = 80 / (1.8)^2 = 80 / 3.24 ≈ 24.69
→ Result: BMI = 24.69 (Not overweight or obese)

(b) To find the max weight for not being overweight (BMI < 25):
25 = w / (1.8)^2 ⇒ w = 25 × 3.24 = 81 kg
→ Max weight = 81 kg

Question 2: Partial Derivatives


(a) f(x, y) = x² + y² + xy
f_x = 2x + y, f_y = 2y + x
f_xx = 2, f_yy = 2, f_xy = f_yx = 1

(b) f(x, y) = 4x³ + 2x²y + x


f_x = 12x² + 4xy + 1, f_y = 2x²
f_xx = 24x + 4y, f_yy = 0, f_xy = f_yx = 4x

(c) f(x, y) = e^x ln(y)


f_x = e^x ln y, f_y = e^x / y
f_xx = e^x ln y, f_yy = -e^x / y², f_xy = f_yx = e^x / y

(d) f(x, y) = ln(1 + x² + y²)


f_x = 2x / (1 + x² + y²), f_y = 2y / (1 + x² + y²)
f_xx = 2(1 + y² - 2x²)/(1 + x² + y²)²
f_yy = 2(1 + x² - 2y²)/(1 + x² + y²)²
f_xy = f_yx = -4xy / (1 + x² + y²)²

Question 3: Critical Points and Extrema


f(x, y) = ln(1 + x² + y² + x²y²)
∂f/∂x = 2x(1 + y²)/(1 + x² + y² + x²y²), set = 0 ⇒ x = 0
∂f/∂y = 2y(1 + x²)/(1 + x² + y² + x²y²), set = 0 ⇒ y = 0
→ Critical point: (0, 0)
Second derivatives at (0,0): f_xx = 2, f_yy = 2, f_xy = 0
D = f_xx f_yy - (f_xy)^2 = 4 > 0, f_xx > 0 ⇒ Local minimum at (0, 0)

Question 4: Critical Points and Extrema


f(x, y) = 2x³ + y² - 4x² - 12x + 2
f_x = 6x² - 8x - 12 ⇒ x = -1 or 7/3, f_y = 2y ⇒ y = 0
→ Critical points: (-1, 0), (7/3, 0)
Second derivatives: f_xx = 12x - 8, f_yy = 2, f_xy = 0
At (-1,0): f_xx = -20, D = -40 ⇒ Saddle point
At (7/3, 0): f_xx = 20, D = 40 ⇒ Local minimum

Question 5: Constrained Minimization


Minimize f(x, y) = y - x² subject to 2x + 5y = 0
Use Lagrange: L = y - x² + λ(2x + 5y)
∂L/∂x = -2x + 2λ = 0 ⇒ λ = x
∂L/∂y = 1 + 5λ = 0 ⇒ λ = -1/5 ⇒ x = -1/5
Sub into constraint: 2(-1/5) + 5y = 0 ⇒ y = 2/25
→ Minimum at (-1/5, 2/25), value = 1/25

Question 6: Constrained Optimization on Circle


f(x, y) = xy, constraint: x² + y² = 1
Use Lagrange: L = xy + λ(1 - x² - y²)
∂L/∂x = y - 2λx = 0, ∂L/∂y = x - 2λy = 0
Solving: y = 2λx, x = 2λy ⇒ x = ±1/√2, y = ±1/√2
Max f = 1/2, Min f = -1/2

Question 7: Profit Maximization with Constraint


P(x, y) = -0.2x² - 0.25y² - 0.2xy + 100x + 90y - 4000
Constraint: x + y = 200
Use Lagrange: L = P + λ(200 - x - y)
∂L/∂x = -0.4x - 0.2y + 100 - λ = 0
∂L/∂y = -0.5y - 0.2x + 90 - λ = 0
Solving: x = 100, y = 100 ⇒ Max profit at (100, 100)

Question 8: Unconstrained Profit Maximization


Same P(x, y) without constraint
Set ∂P/∂x = -0.4x - 0.2y + 100 = 0
∂P/∂y = -0.5y - 0.2x + 90 = 0
Solve system: x = 150, y = 100
→ Max profit is higher than in Q7 when unrestricted

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