A number is a mathematical value used to count and measure different objects.
With the help
of the numbers, we all are able to add, subtract, divide and multiply. Here we will be learning
how to compare numbers, expand the number and also learn about the largest and the
smallest numbers.
Roman numerals and the Hindu-Arabic numeral system are the two different types of number
systems used for writing numbers in many places. We all can see Roman numerals in clocks,
page numbers, school timetables, syllabus pages, etc.
Introduction
Introduction to Numbers
Numbers are arithmetic values.
Numbers are used to convey the magnitude of everything around us.
Comparing Numbers
Comparing numbers when the total number of digits is different
The number with the most number of digits is the largest number by magnitude, and
the number with the least number of digits is the smallest number.
Example: Consider numbers: 22, 123, 9, 345, 3005. The largest number is 3005 (4
digits), and the smallest number is 9 (only 1 digit)
Comparing numbers when the total number of digits is the same
The number with the highest leftmost digit is the largest number. If this digit also
happens to be the same, we look at the next leftmost digit and so on.
Example: 340, 347, 560, 280, 265. The largest number is 560 (leftmost digit is 5), and
the smallest number is 265 (on comparing 265 and 280, 6 is less than 8).
Ascending and Descending Order and
Shifting Digits
Ascending Order and Descending Order
Ascending Order: Arranging numbers from the smallest to the greatest.
Descending Order: Arranging numbers from the greatest to the smallest number.
Example: Consider a group of numbers: 32, 12, 90, 433, 9999 and 109020.
They can be arranged in descending order as 109020, 9999, 433, 90, 32 and 12, and
in ascending order as 12, 32, 90, 433, 9999 and 109020.
To know more about Ascending Order, visit here.
To know more about descending Order, visit here.
How many numbers can be formed using a certain
number of digits?
If a certain number of digits are given, we can make different numbers having the
same number of digits by interchanging the positions of digits.
Example: Consider 4 digits: 3, 0, 9, 6. Using these four digits,
(i) Largest number possible = 9630
(ii) Smallest number possible = 3069 (Since 4 digit number cannot have 0 as the
leftmost number, the number then will become a 3-digit number)
Shifting Digits
Changing the position of digits in a number changes the magnitude of the number.
Example: Consider the number 789. If we swap the hundredths place digit with the
digit at units place, we will get 987 which is greater than 789.
Similarly, if we exchange the tenths place with the units place, we get 798, which is
greater than 789.
Place Value
Each place in a number has a value of 10 times the place to its right.
Example: Consider number 789.
(i) Place value of 7 = 700
(ii) Place value of 8 = 80
(iii) Place value of 9 = 9
To know more about Place Value, visit here
Larger Numbers and Estimates
Introducing Large Numbers
Large numbers can be easily represented using the place value. It goes in ascending order, as
shown below.
8 digits 7 digits 6 digits 5 digits 4 digits 3 digits
10 million 1 million Hundred Thousands
Ten Thousands Thousands Hundreds
(1 crore) (10 lakhs) (1 lakh)
Largest 3 digit number + 1 = Smallest 4 digit number.
Largest 4 digit number + 1 = Smallest 5 digit number, and so on.
Example: 9999 (greatest 4 digit number) + 1 = 10,000 (smallest 5 digit number)
We can convert every large number in terms of smaller numbers:
Remember, 1 hundred = 10 tens
1 thousand = 10 hundreds = 100 tens
1 lakh = 100 thousands = 1000 thousands
1 crore = 100 lakhs = 10,000 thousands
Check out Introduction to Large Numbers to learn more about large numbers.
Estimation
When there is a very large figure, we approximate that number to the nearest plausible
value. This is called estimation.
Estimating depends on the degree of accuracy required and how quickly the estimate
is needed.
Example:
Given Number Appropriate to Nearest Rounded Form
75847 Tens 75850
75847 Hundreds 75800
75847 Thousands 76000
75847 Tenth thousands 80000
To know more about “Estimation of Numbers”, visit here
Estimating Sum or Difference
Estimations are used in adding and subtracting numbers.
Example of estimation in addition: Estimate 7890 + 437.
Here 7890 > 437.
Therefore, round off to hundreds.
7890 is rounded off to 7900
437 is rounded off to + 400
Estimated Sum = 8300
Actual Sum = 8327
Example of estimation in subtraction: Estimate 5678 – 1090.
Here 5678 > 1090.
Therefore, round off to thousands.
5678 is rounded off to 6000
1090 is rounded off to – 1000
Estimated Difference = 5000
Actual Difference = 4588
Estimating Products of Numbers
Round off each factor to its greatest place, then multiply the rounded-off factors.
Estimating the product of 199 and 31:
199 is rounded off to 200
31 is rounded off to 30
Estimated Product = 200 × 30 = 6000
Actual Result = 199 × 31 = 6169
BODMAS
BODMAS
We follow an order to carry out mathematical operations. It is called as BODMAS
rule.
While solving mathematical expressions, parts inside a bracket are always done first,
followed by of, then division, and so on.
Example :
[(5 + 1) × 2] ÷ (2 × 3) + 2 – 2 = ?
[(5 + 1) × 2] ÷ (2 × 2) + 2 – 2….{Solve everything which is inside the brackets}
= [6 × 2] ÷ 6 + 2 – 2…..{Multiplication inside brackets}
= 12 ÷ 6 + 2 – 2……{Division}
= 2 + 2 – 2……{Addition}
= 4 – 2…….{Subtraction}
=2
Using brackets
1. Using brackets can simplify mathematical calculations.
2. Example :
7 × 109 = 7 × (100 + 9) = 7 × 100 + 7 × 9 = 700 + 63 = 763
7 × 100 + 6 × 100 = 100 × (7 + 6) = 100 × 13 = 1300
For more information on BODMAS, watch the below video
3,26,393
To know more about “BODMAS”, visit here.
Roman Numerals
Digits 09 in Roman are represented as I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X
Some other Roman numbers are : I = 1, V = 5 , X = 10 , L = 50 , C = 100 , D = 500 ,
M = 1000
Rules for Writing Roman Numerals
If a symbol is repeated, its value is added as many times as it occurs.
Example: XX = 10 + 10 = 20
A symbol is not repeated more than three times. But the symbols X, L and D are
never repeated.
If a symbol of a smaller value is written to the right of a symbol of greater value, its
value gets added to the value of the greater symbol.
Example: VII = 5 + 2 = 7
If a symbol of a smaller value is written to the left of a symbol of greater value, its
value is subtracted from the value of the greater symbol.
Example: IX = 10 – 1 = 9.
Some examples : 105 = CV , 73 = LXXIII and 192 = 100 + 90 + 2 = C XC II =
CXCII
For more information on Roman Numerals, watch the
below video
1,60,154
To know more about “Roman Numerals”, visit here.
Learn more about the numbers from the topics given below:
Real Numbers Number System
Whole Numbers Natural Numbers
Frequently Asked Questions on CBSE Class
6 Maths Notes Chapter 1 Knowing Our
Numbers
Q1
What is BODMAS?
The BODMAS acronym stands for brackets, orders, division, multiplication, addition,
subtraction.
Q2
What are Roman numerals?
Roman numerals are the symbolic representation of numbers that do not follow a place value
system.
Q3
What are real numbers?
Real numbers are numbers that include both rational and irrational numbers.
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