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Light Reflection and Refraction Guide

The document covers the concepts of light, including its definition, reflection, and refraction. It explains the laws of reflection, types of mirrors, and the properties of lenses, along with their formulas and applications. Key terms such as focal length, refractive index, and power of lenses are also defined.

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aadityamohitpriyanshu
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38 views5 pages

Light Reflection and Refraction Guide

The document covers the concepts of light, including its definition, reflection, and refraction. It explains the laws of reflection, types of mirrors, and the properties of lenses, along with their formulas and applications. Key terms such as focal length, refractive index, and power of lenses are also defined.

Uploaded by

aadityamohitpriyanshu
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Light Reflection and Refraction (Class 10 Science)

What is Light?

Light is a form of energy that helps us to see things. It travels in a straight line and at a very high

speed (3 lakh km/second in air).

Reflection of Light

Reflection is when light bounces off a shiny surface like a mirror.

Laws of Reflection:

1. The incident ray, reflected ray, and the normal lie in the same plane.

2. Angle of incidence = Angle of reflection

Types of Mirrors:

Plane Mirror: Forms virtual, upright, same-size image.

Concave Mirror: Forms real/virtual, magnified/small images depending on object position.

Convex Mirror: Always forms small, virtual, upright image.

Mirror Terms:

- Pole (P): Center of mirror's surface

- Centre of Curvature (C): Center of the full sphere

- Radius of Curvature (R): Distance from pole to C

- Principal Axis: Line through P and C

- Focus (F): Where parallel rays meet

- Focal Length (f): Distance between P and F (f = R/2)

Mirror Formula:
1/f = 1/v - 1/u

Sign Convention:

- Distances toward mirror = negative

- Away from mirror = positive

Refraction of Light

When light passes from one medium to another (air to water), it bends.

Laws of Refraction (Snells Law):

sin i / sin r = constant ()

Refractive Index:

n = Speed of light in air / Speed in medium

Lenses:

Convex Lens: Bulges out, converges light, real or virtual image.

Concave Lens: Curves in, diverges light, always virtual and small image.

Lens Terms:

- Principal Axis, Optical Center, Focus, Focal Length

Lens Formula:

1/f = 1/v - 1/u

Power of Lens:

P = 100 / f (in cm)


- Convex lens Positive power

- Concave lens Negative power

Uses:

- Mirrors: Vehicles, telescopes

- Lenses: Eyeglasses, cameras, microscopes

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