Module 2
Lesson objectives:
classify rocks into igneous, sedimentary, and
1 metamorphic
explain how the products of weathering are
2 carried away by erosion and deposited
elsewhere
Unscramble Me
Rearrange the letters in the boxes below to get the correct term being described.
It is molten (melted) rock under the surface of the
Earth. It is produced in the upper reaches of the
mantle or in the lowest areas of the crust usually at
a depth of 50 to 200 kilometers.
GMAAM
Unscramble Me
Rearrange the letters in the boxes below to get the correct term being described.
It is the process of breaking down rocks
and minerals into smaller pieces by
water, wind, and ice.
GETRWAHNIE
Unscramble Me
Rearrange the letters in the boxes below to get the correct term being described.
A rock that solidifies from
magma or lava.
SUOENIG
Unscramble Me
Rearrange the letters in the boxes below to get the correct term being described.
It is process when a molten
liquid becomes a solid.
TCANOIISLFIDO
To geologists, a rock is a natural substance
composed of solid crystals of different minerals
that have been fused together into a solid lump.
The minerals may or may not have been formed at
the same time. What matters is that natural
processes glued them all together.
The person who studies rocks is called
petrologist.
CLASSIFICATION OF
ROCKS
IGNEOUS SEDIMENTARY METAMORPHIC
Igneous Rock
Means “born of fire or
heat”
Rocks that are formed
by the cooling or
solidification of
magma or lava.
Two Types of Igneous Rock:
1. Intrusive Igneous Rock
➢or plutonic rocks
➢rocks formed underneath the earth.
➢are coarse-grained due to the slow cooling of magma
allowing crystal growth.
2. Extrusive Igneous Rock
➢ or volcanic rocks
➢ are igneous rocks formed on the surface of the earth.
➢ They are cooled lava, which are molten rocks ejected on
the surface through volcanic eruptions. They are fine-
grained due to abrupt cooling on the surface.
Two Types of Igneous Rock:
Intrusive Characteristics Extrusive
Magma Formed from Lava
Inside the Earth Where Surface
Slowly Rate of cooling Quickly
Large Size of Crystals Small
Coarse Texture Fine
Two Types of Igneous Rock:
Two Types of Igneous Rock:
What Igneous rock maybe characterized by their:
[Link] B. Composition
✓Coarse-
grained
✓Medium-
grained
✓Fine-grained
What Igneous rock maybe characterized by their:
[Link]
SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
formed by the compaction Most common in the
and cementation of uppermost portion of the
sediments, a process called crust, account for about 75%
lithification of the rocks on the surface.
Sedimentary processes at or near the surface of the Earth
include: weathering of rocks, sediment transport and
deposition, compaction and cementation
• Clastic sedimentary rocks – are made up of
sediments from preexisting rocks. When
preexisting rocks are physically weathered and
eroded, they form sediments. When these
sediments are transported, deposited, and
lithified, they form the clastic sedimentary rocks.
These rocks can be identified based on their grain
size.
• Non-clastic sedimentary rocks – can be
biological, chemical, or a combination of both.
o Biological sedimentary rocks are lithified accumulation
of dead organisms (e.g. coal formed from carbon-rich
plants and limestone from the remains of calcareous
organisms).
o Chemical sedimentary rocks are from chemical
precipitation (e.g. rock salt formed when dissolved salts
precipitate from a solution).
composed of the mineral
halite (salt); formed by
evaporation
composed of the mineral
calcite, may contain marine
fossils; formed by
precipitation from water
composed of microscopic
mineral grains of quartz;
very hard with sharp edges
composed of the mineral
gypsum; formed by
evaporation
formed by preexisting These becomes: DO not melt.
rocks (igneous, • Harder They
sedimentary or other • More dense recrystallize!
metamorphic) that are • Banded or foliated
exposed to extreme heat • Distorted
and pressure in the Earth’s
interior, a process called
metamorphism
KINDS OF METAMORPHISM
REGIONAL CONTACT
Due to changes in pressure
and temperature over large The rock minerals and
region of the crust. It may textures are changed
happen when a rock is mainly by heat due to
buried deep below the contact with magma.
surface of the earth.
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