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STM

The document discusses the importance of software testing, emphasizing its role in preventing bugs, reducing development costs, and improving performance. It outlines various testing methodologies, including unit and component testing, and highlights the need for organized and modular testing processes. Additionally, it addresses different types of bugs that can occur during software development and the significance of thorough testing to ensure functionality and reliability.

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11 views44 pages

STM

The document discusses the importance of software testing, emphasizing its role in preventing bugs, reducing development costs, and improving performance. It outlines various testing methodologies, including unit and component testing, and highlights the need for organized and modular testing processes. Additionally, it addresses different types of bugs that can occur during software development and the significance of thorough testing to ensure functionality and reliability.

Uploaded by

notmenazish
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
Unit-, oy rs. tthe sho testing dy the — prtotts of Calas and wenayirg volbd ing that a slw produc ee 4 application does whet Ut is Aupposed to ode. The Legreptr of testing include Preventing bugs, aeducing development costs and ‘eprom PUformance * Slw a methedatogies Dicholomies + => Testing slat wth Known tonditions » Wis predifiat procedures and bas predictable outvomen. es Duouggirg aloucts Aron poarilehy unknown jnitial tanditions ond the end cannot be prudided. —> Tw purpose of testing de, i Aiea the ten ~ or muconiepiion thot dad 43. the programa - jolla cond aL abasiqn and imploment the ana ee hot CoMneet +hre cuir. => Tutlirg bs priformed do tind tre Iecabon qf a | deherk » onc dulougaing BYs pujermed -to fis | these Atfecs : a Tasting ae perforened oy taskeg tuum. and dtbugairs » “a by development ‘tram. Test : Deb ic. | “gy Testing skorts with knowe iis. Delougeing e fron conditions , uses predutined Possibly unkrow?. initial prncedres and hos. : conditions Brel en Connie Ee predictable oubtornes . prudicted excapt akatitically. ss Tasting ton and Anowld be 9. Produ ond dualion plonred « Arsigned ond 4 drbugaing Perce ve | ached. 40 wnstwained, 3. leh th damonst ration oh 3. Pelbuaging as duductwe .- |; UutOr 0% appe? : proces. tomriactnes,- : 4. Ft plows a progiommers Ae Deine in ol progparnmers {alu * ere * vindication (Tua ficattion) 5. Tt con often be dont by 5) D4 pea rier be pl!“ ah eS eee Qe Function ; iy Steuctuow > TH takes the uur point 4,7 bod of the 4 view bother -alowt + teaplermatetion details. - Fi functionality ands jrodure> , 1 ond oct dw progranys implementation. : : | 20 jorcioral ’ testing the 2, Things "such as Prospero | preanom or Aystim: is Ale oatral method, trenttd abo black box, Source,’ longuage, database a subjected to inputs - design and: Wap and Hs owdpuls or voiitied 9. rate 4 er conformance to - testing « dpediied bebowiow.- i , both ~ haw Limitations and “bath +4 dyyourt Keds ds wugs.” > Furchoral tests can detect atl buge but a take mayive dime to de So. ecru) fests ose “ inhorently faite but _ cannot delet aU ULtOTS even 4 completely Pe sbrudual and Ses AUS ote 3. Desgnue YS Testor 2 > Test denignee b te putson whe: dongs test , whear the tester ys dhe one whe” dots the volt : 4. Modulontty pce ® > A mode os a disvutte , well-defined, Amal carsgonert 0 myplarn: > Tf modus ane small, then they au - e to integrate > 4 modules atu wae satan they on didgieuts Ht unduutord - > Bel Aysterns and 4ests tan be modular. => Testing should be ongarized vt maduslor comperert 2 Ty He apt ego tre tests tan also be moduler whith xasulis tn tat, oicenay of the ays or will as io He efficiency nf testing proces > Proper cate aula ‘be takin to minimize the honk norded dee ask dvign pac koasing ace Seat eezuution witouk, ot efficienty -- 5. Seno vs bee ae Purgrarnering in Wage, naan constructing prograre thot wrists of mony tamponesty te by sea dijpurt prograramsts, { ; | Beers ta ama , ib what sa: be pie : owiselier in phvany 4 ows “elwn a. : > Oualitetive ond - Qrarlitste changes with size and Ao. ra ge iy twtoio, ze. Builder vs Buyer * ’ —> Most of, the she ace written and used ot onganiectbons : : p the «40 oS Unfow tunately pts situation ts: ihenened ‘bees ; yp decks cloud» accourtalil: ; thee as no sepeeucion: bl builder and | aioe can be 0 accountability . at Model” fore Testing: >The | Shows a model of 4 eotirg pecan, STL dudes twoue models : A model of the Seo ee oes ae ie fae and. ane al of the wgected bugs. eee Fo Word he Medel Word => Tots aw formal produ where pubs wus be pripasud, outros should be poe ducked, tet, Mould be doermerded , tommands ated > be eveerted, Prrults ote to be obsmived , => AU these eur ane Mdkeje ches to weton. > A typeal slo apse pou os. thre tusting | ane » Unit /Componud ed Testing | boa ae ie the 4rmallist tutable piece of Slee that can be compiled, arembled , linked , loaded ede. > Aunt ds Beuahy the work of one programmer | and comnts of Aeveral dundeed ox fer Lires 4 tod ees, Lae . ent > Unit toting ab the testing we do to show that an unit does nob. aottinty ib gunchorad spteifjesttion poy thot its implementation Abruchae does rot ‘roth the interded detign atructu. ee Com ponent Soar integral ad aggregate 4 ons | or. moks units . > Coeepoiers testing, os doe to) Ba. thad —— dows not astioly ib functional aprcifiattion og that | ts ienplementoction Anudwa dowd “rot mately the! intended , design Stvueluve o => Und testing airy wa ee ts t ~ ail —_ . x upon. carmrert® flat @ ayes axe be : As le an wach 3 gee «werk a4 “a AME dabetd Ren te aagsters ax a whele bas a batten 2 wevkivn toncthe- *} qd = . Deitacioe Tashews = age Oe > Felaarcer ak He primt ss ba which crenporenty avn aageageted te crest Aarau components > Brteayctior testing is done ds sheo thot — Bossi Be ininenaait wie fedividuably Astislactory fafter pasieg corporart festieg) , : 7 iii 4 Sn ieerbndlion 4 ae one tecemeck ox fecortintert - Oe wes ayn ually by ig 4 ex wert deperdert sew wcduls® asa 3 | ees WEtltrees fo Puss: soyerey ae The toastauencts of abuse ent ton be, ncamsited ’ “ wh dare of huwran , vothix dhon rmathine « Some eoesrentes aoa & en & 4 da ore -to t420 roma 4 _ stale to to + aMe ; Mild : The Ayr poms 4 tre bus slerd we quctty $a wisspulsd output oor > veinalia ead puictoud - a Modeuate : Outputs att restating ox vidinedart . aye be srpocts the apie prisemance - “. 3. Agneying Te Aystums bibaviour » becouse 4 te ny in pehurranizirs - : Eqntions au turcated [ oxbtasily wodslad. ae “* Distualirg ore mapises to bordli degtiwate Cresad / auithe ized) teransacions. Eg: Te ATM wok give frony - tudt cus as. decdoucd / jnwalid. 5. Suscous: Tk leses trash tt, ds tyansacice. Not jot the tronsachon Hsu buk the dock that ihe keonasadion ecomeud & actourtatiliy is tet . 6. vou Sutonn: Te bay uses the agit & wrrorig tronkactions . Tasttad of gaining a pay chuck , the Ayttim oudits ib te acethar account | ov corwests dzpusits to withdvaual a . oh, Exfparce: The posblerns ann not Letted to : jue us ov te aad +t Jacke lal Rae ako te paaeet tnd | Oe g. Trtolerable 2 borg of 4 dhe aatabase occ and the commurption ix not rorily distovennd. Susows Loin elas giver, to abutting tht Aystern dwn + 9. Colors astrophie t te decsion’ +o shut down la: J taken out of ous ene because aystem le tO. Tnjestiows : One oes conguaphs thw Austams een though xt ders «not foal in itso 5 that = wiodin the Aoctiol physical anyixonment. + trad melts seactons onc os o wort, ee * Tsoraby a Bee > Wt) 3 sb sowurk wo be see buge he taxonomy ia not vigid . a oy SA giatn ‘bug, om ‘le por wks ont, or s another. 5” ekg dugerakice, on ib Page and Wiel es seal ata inl « ; . b Resysiverrerte, “Frokusis ond Fundionalt — “— | Vosous oo Regpiverments Fratious le | tionally bugs intlide © Dfaguinemedd ool! supa ‘a ual Ayan ton be incomplete ombud 1 De ap conbrodicory. Ty tan be PAL Ui austoen Be ba _{mporrible to ipaewuto rd. | 4 te ice form unececov Hable, Crouptiog _—~ > The ppiciiembons tyot dort hove fous in ther reo see while tne design os in : prcgHens . The a ww added modbtied and daheted . > Respir ements \eopecaly 1a vxprunred 0 Apeci}jections wie oo ars AQUA CL 4 alg on > FatweB Bags spc problems usally pian ponssapondling "eal! ‘problems * [>a feature tan be Serre ngs prising sor supufluois Covering 6° seb purpose) . A mlsring feature or cause ds edrar at detect ond conmect A wrong | jot could hone deep alerign inplicatond - ~> Removing dhe fpotustos might tomplieade the slo, l consume. moe Poe and e mone bugs - i= Featwte Trbvicaction Bugs ae ; > abies owl me in’ cone oy, valated « poe Te paws ‘ey tod: cana are he? tetataction + pee within Diet Ow age e wel tested . : > Evany appliabon’ aes ay pbetinacs At CA dpotvown and a mush bigquy at of coat = Acs Fay poterrtiods ord” tnksapons i tunusbs in ee Miexidion a PNG oe » Vorows ote ~ 2 + Skeyckus Bugs a " gbrucdaral bugs ine => Control and Sequence Bugs | nelade paths tye uke unnzachable code ype nesting of Loops 7 op be loop Leaminetion trrleria © invowrect . in oe —> One 00Ut0n ter corthenl tow. bugs w thet. thin une ws amunble ( supporting). to stheovertical trakmerk > Mo A. the. vont yoo ge are ALY rested, a and cough in unt — test a a “ tasting , » especialy sagt sti testing , 1 OHO. | Apeciealliy poth testa | combined wrth a Lotto link : cho nal *est bared. on Apeeifcadtion . 2 : > loge Bugs Bap 9 lege .toptally the, relat a : | mourderstandieg how, case Atatemerits and bogie operate ns behane sirgly and combrations. a : Aleo , neludes _¢ valuation of Boolran es i” a nested IE-THEN -ELst tonstruchs « / > Paseuig Bugs : These. include. ens ihc Sg ralgebsie ; mrattherech tal in cage _ evalugiion a p sit hen adedion. and gnvel. pripuemring . : &: Froud tenyUion fer. one date naps ery tow rode or getater —-than - ow - equal ete. : Although true bugs woe -pugiuank thy tend 4 b bt 3 Ov iv on be cattght in york unit testing, ee => Teilializcton Bugs > Thre aXe wommon, ean, be verp rio wy and eanpinfluous. : Sapa A mind ek an abet performance. Explict deklarating oh ol vaniallt» as in fascal ,can weduc nOML initializaton problems . > Dota Flow Bugs and Aromalter:, Mask initialization bugs axe “Apeciak Cake of dota. sow sanarmelier - TE cca whee tree, a. path along which we typed to do something unseasonable: with dato , Aidn ae usngvan uninitiglized “variable, odd ernpi ng fo we d varidlle belpn exists 3-Dole Bugs: Dale Bugs inelude oth bugs that anise fon: te Apeaihiectton of, oletta: © pbjects , thin’ fowrats , thomen 4 wach objects BW then initial values +” Dita Bua ant atleast ar commen ar bugs in code ,. ae re en of abe ps — Dyrarnic decka. i Stabe ce! 2 : : Dynarcic Dato” ane coe ae co puspose Awan dajetins we nalartnela short» Set he Ree! time § ore: teansadion . Bhar wu duc Cas oven - ange Sune whhouwte , Storie” Dale Stk, fined » ain dow, ond iit appror in the Aounte code our + dal tndinectlyys Compile me Eee a WU Mug, con buy cased by Aectie dela . mop peat ag ct tai yin daly Awe te one st thre volte , oy Ip Loontshnsdial wolves a posameder, for contwel: , oy for'y = Content Shruchwu and Mibudes : Cootertt can be an actual note pattern , chiaoctaial : string ot aumbee put inte a data sructuue , ‘ Tt AS pwu’ Bt pattern “and has ao rntaring ala wow interpreted $y) =90... A nb that ton be evaluated ote 4 . er > Path Pusdicales: A pasdicake amociodsd — with o. path ys wld path pusrdicobe. Oo » greater than z2H0", “aay ergata oy epithe -we agped to 10 4s drut’ in a Aegpsres 4 predicaker whore feuth vals ui core te uoutine to take a specific poth. ap Achievalele _ Rothe : yp can fed a solution, than the path is achievable. Dh you. cant fird 0 solution 40 ary Lhe mts 4 inequalities. , the poth os unochiwaoble . = Poth SenSiti zation ; Te ok peding a mt of solubions to te path predicate expromion i Poth Sunt izoction + + Pah Instrumentation: Tt qe amae ut have t io conbizm that the outtormt war achieved by the to do intendled path. focridtdental- Coypuctornss Skardn for selstadng the Aviad puttome er LOR HEN + “> Srtromtrion Types | : te Tetmapneive Trace Wow * Pasqram * eis may staturnent ta ovden & ee one values 4, aU aleulabors, dokerertes toed haraured de. SD, we wn wan quded voudnn under a tagee , he ne | howe alt He info we nasdled to conten tre cutcomt ard +o wrfivm tat i war achieved by intended path. o> The, trouble with trarer Ls that tay gine ws info thon we ased, The typical rece reopen . mich taho. that ive" Ao pon t ao ile dnl a ee out put dump > mote wostk {han sinuladbng He ' by hand to tonbires the pot. ptt 2. Traameisal Marker / Link Moskue : A Simple and fom 4 wwnentaton called a trovenad my, Link moscker. Name exeny lint by % lower Core Ibe, | Grshrument tre Links 40 that the links rame dy trode uthin Link Js exeatted . =f The succession fi Unters preductd in going {rem eich elle entry to i ext should , if thou ou ro bugs ; exactly arrwoord te path nome. 3. Two bnk Moxkue Method : The solution te the problem ; 4 Beedle Yok mariar method do to implement two amnkers pu link :'ore ot the beginning cy tach Unk ord one at ¥ » ond. Te twe bak maxkuts now. speci the pata rosa conve both He beginning ond end the Link. &. Lick Courter? A tes dissuptine Cand lens informetive) seglaumentection method based 09 ourters). Tasteod Ci wos ak rome to be pushed ip a shri when. the Junk a» tronsvewid, we Simply inviemert a Unk Courtee We row tortie that He path length. is a» expected » ” led us to double link mankyus + Aomt problem tat — teods ws 4+ double link count ur». sk Appbicadson 4 Path Texting ‘ : p 1. Leteqration Gveroge ond Poths in cold _Lomeoner | Poth tasting ton methods ort mainly ured, in unit : especially 4+" reo slo. > Th aw compo nent wb fest tuted ar an inde ¢ unit with a cald cwenponerits ord to-reagpisite comport, vaplaud by Stubs. A Sirrulatore Ape cooporents aot Ws mort pliable than He actua low-level component . Co. equusite + A femmal courre «of study poqpsr td 4p bE takin Sirultantously uth another: riebede 1 Cy coverage at He spdern tewel Peg es om S07: +0 3S7> ea es : Ry en we pabintin For G wretagt io mp wm tasbng 3 : , 4. Lecause it is impossible to motor C2 aextage corthout diustiog Ye aysteris operation: : sgn: be Ad aap baad enouan path testing to oitwe Cy — giybs ae weed ohne in’ daa tod’ Hoe bug 7 pradiol By Yar shu significantly sioner than that ol, colled components . 3, Maintenance : Tre Ls 0 great diferance plu maintenance casting and ano code testing - Maintenance tusking vol wes modifications which ate accommodated. :in tht, stern 1b sidapiiensd . Pon tering on used fostly on the modified tverpor ert Be pe 1 Sho Ww rdhosted becoune Yds no lensere vost oo © Aapport the tnvivonment bok? aes ona to e the opertecls anvacnmert ana abe ska slo. Rehostad sho can be “makibied to Improme tivieney and 4o ienplement reo forctienabity mA but comers 4 eld: cnweteonienk ee . : ‘ | tome Hat specication | des rehwsted slw- Pree e | ta 8 Bi tn . speeches Hl arbi ee rdefinss om the eropadvinior of aw suptera * : | oh i 0 endiion diving tne Jike, qj an skjeck “ie whidh | wt Sodinie> Some condkeor | parities some acbors activity wots for Some overt dp oct. Ws cargos ae commas fo art 4 stetts hm oadey bo reparsert — te belrowiour of fe AyAter , idutifiol by chow 6+ pera 4 et computer ‘ systare bos several fetin wy raped 3 dood ef O85. | tordition that reprsuds certain — Fowers on Boot — toads, of ds vars Teracidion Ay os. a >. Sid Crapr & defgnad os graple eal saps” Auystten belmontoun , FX iS Ubed an functional tusking Apo foe Sted testing te. dart g akon bugs , sransiton bugs ae ey. Clemodbs + 2 1, Stede 2. Tp 3. Trowrhon 4, ole vee | | singel Saka Ww whidn He Hate gvagk tontabar ‘lp 2 voluss to meprimit tne drools of pou denot2d oy no. 4 hove dar . : 3. BE Transition ate Link tot punt » Aoki : — when’ some ile dy applisd to node , phode thangen y Te, eo hora indy of aba o eanen eeueton’ cae Ses ; - “te ip prouereg 1 tae wow pained slp: are tip © olp of stele ree oe Bog bys slast'C/ ok FSM! mode a Tee condistiag 4 “sd sds, J steak skate yam ilp alphabet & transition for’ det’ > le tyebols ty Dune stots: to neat steter- 3 | ai — Fs con model large noe of peo Auth on tb dui. surtomnactron ; poe & Parsi 3. Protocol durin ae: Mt Stotg_“Tolele_ Toke! wps" . pork in the fam. of table | iis ee ee colle —. t Hrceowg al ee yodus q state gah: + ¥ graph converte to Aoble , te woul Ee Shale con os ec deansition elle Jd ke contrios! : ae de omits woods and tolumnd We Shar Ge & sf implementation ! aa is reps” “4 pehamous (> Tee stele graph 4 ounalh pte grophscally 7 te raps roth & ivtn4 stole ,lraniition , ole of the, Ayshote -isth slw Sapientrtecten of stole gpetph Con G urdetoed in ahh. Stapence of sheps Suk ov, 1. Tmplementosion ard _eptration : Bey can ennicly duped on si opuaticn urbe Vay desoted to tater dissilbed aro Steckemerd ak oh be cases by tu aotes . ee nw Meng Hy meting Me ren lg cetorn chox's inte numenicals . - ; a a Conv esting the ilp t chows to mmwel..> 8 “a, olp encoding ae , HH este mony Kiedo 4 olp’s, for a. — FSM. , a dlc. elp ton be o Single don 1 Shring 1. ase col 4, subroutines +, toctrl troudow f ag Stats Geder ard Stokt_Samtoe\ preduch ; atti RAMs ome, townderd wf Heuy on by an yrkeg er. ES eee eee - TY town me N state ord “6 dint ilp’s ord for stot a 0 ond i shad whe ard lp tcde otk Re +6 | a. ord i wispechnelis , 4yir poirt ar valet wold be Spa; ov iN+S &. Agplicedion comnertn fe designers — wWhtin tordrl Kany ma dhorge ” pote Eat Be see SUL Onarae Hat lakes | pnd exttinal Stal are way alno charg « — win dente bar most solar tut few alt ittwal contrat juror” : | sta qiale Woh mene uate a comanvini actor ard Teleprensd?- : - = Th tednrsayr ton proved yet usps tid . C. Applratien tommerts fos tested : — 7 B oot rovadoud by wapedert taster. = Joey conumtyatt on aaprirent 4 state. gapa/ sate 4abdy — We dtadew would be toncemed oalss te eas # = behowouy q anise Ayttenvs woeudtd balp ow Ato qing ©. #- Wwe tot one atecior effect tly . de Goond ond Bod Mele spin — : gece “ord” Rilowd rae 4 e . eee ome + ‘in State geoph must be ' pssible ne. of fachys . 7 J Ne poerci gle> ~ owe wo states aoe os “the pees 4, - — fox overs bea no. + tat crows be ont “tyoriton specifica) * tee etry traraition pane should ser ble ole Bod : > Sole gxapk wid tontt be geod and which “8 -* Avsstn't folloro ani Geteiglas - The OHe Som cases tee : -Nandps row Led stale Nap « j : : - r : eee ie ee a” ret rtocholle , sno path. blo nem - — a - : a0 trrstien fy ifp ‘bo om O; f eis necoiveds at (), we path is undefaed eo pe 2: o ae lo ‘ : a * 55 : 2h ad Kise pot fox some ilp on Some stota. % 4 which ae te wonder he wt cweab> o wafuson om opti, token ©O' UP 2d quer at state 4, ‘ ag Good i Bod Wf dhamnerts of stab arth, tf te 4 dete ly Up yp transtiions ,olp's ove spaph nie oe speed cleoxly speced & ay one Ugo : cai Undenstred . ‘ reves stake shoud) home 9, Seamnee 4 ifp's dows rot — dampancy ob p's thet Tein Kisk ty pal ol | Ue sagen do starting Berke « 8. thw shoud be only ort B. mPat tran bet travsthons transition spoked for ont ue srecitied oy ovum state Stoke ee. : and. oe 4. uw wowd be onl, 4 olp 4, Www might be rore/mose : fox euery trpnarhon bez Unqub , tran Lolp fx ovesy transition olp giver dosity othewire, + which douth nm inepropen tend» to ee Stet grape Oe ee 5-Bugs an mort ond °° sts Kole _ditkeult + - | lugs t vemtond fox state bugs axe, \. sates | tonidend Ob no. Gt stotes upd to it ethamows 4 Spite > wey ste 4 te gers By imap to stake mes > $0 Peas find wo: | states - red stat> can be deedifed by = Htadlieg a factors of Hus state - - Fivding ol. possible valatm 4 eth fatr. a 5 2. Tenpossible see : _/!- Ee cornbinecliens 4 fotdvs thot “Ls tye tan be $0 appear to be irepossible : 4 se Factores ‘aw tg : thoy sad to impossible stolen + : ~ og wk ee minrard wm wa Ce an “4s m& Fone which ote not poss! ole te ceowh B. Caprvolent States if every sequence a ilp's are ove slot genensha = er oct, He Ame Seaquencl of olp's | “te ofner. stetter — chee He Pre hot ote ; —> Whin bolh “pkods pode AO olp than’ onky one : i __ State would be ae wstaod of dwo " ee. 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