ENERGY EFF.

ARCHITECTURE
‘EARTH IN CONNECTION WITH OUR SOLAR SYSTEM’

NAME-SURAJ SHARMA
SEC-B
SEM-8
ARCH-801
ASSIGNMENT-1
FORMATION OF OUR SOLAR SYSTEM:-

Our solar system consists of our star, the Sun, and everything bound to it by gravity – the planets Mercury, Venus,
Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune; dwarf planets such as Pluto; dozens of moons; and millions of
asteroids, comets, and meteoroids.

Beyond our own solar system, there are more planets than stars in the night sky. So far, we have discovered
thousands of planetary systems orbiting other stars in the Milky Way, with more planets being found. Most of the
hundreds of billions of stars in our galaxy are thought to have planets of their own, and the Milky Way is but one of
perhaps 100 billion galaxies in the universe.

While our planet is in some ways a mere speck in the vast cosmos, we have a lot of company out there. It seems that
we live in a universe packed with planets – a web of countless stars accompanied by families of objects, perhaps
some with life of their own.
Formation:-
Our solar system formed about 4.5 billion years ago from a dense cloud of interstellar gas and dust. The cloud collapsed,
possibly due to the shockwave of a nearby exploding star, called a supernova. When this dust cloud collapsed, it formed a
solar nebula – a spinning, swirling disk of material.

At the center, gravity pulled more and more material in. Eventually, the pressure in the core was so great that hydrogen
atoms began to combine and form helium, releasing a tremendous amount of energy. With that, our Sun was born, and it
eventually amassed more than 99% of the available matter.

Matter farther out in the disk was also clumping together. These clumps smashed into one another, forming larger and larger
objects. Some of them grew big enough for their gravity to shape them into spheres, becoming planets, dwarf planets, and
large moons. In other cases, planets did not form: the asteroid belt is made of bits and pieces of the early solar system that
could never quite come together into a planet. Other smaller leftover pieces became asteroids, comets, meteoroids, and
small, irregular moons.
Structure:_
The order and arrangement of the planets and other bodies in our solar system is due to the way the solar system formed.
Nearest to the Sun, only rocky material could withstand the heat when the solar system was young. For this reason, the first
four planets – Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars – are terrestrial planets. They are all small with solid, rocky surfaces.

Meanwhile, materials we are used to seeing as ice, liquid, or gas settled in the outer regions of the young solar system.
Gravity pulled these materials together, and that is where we find gas giants Jupiter and Saturn, and the ice giants Uranus
and Neptune.

There are many planetary systems like ours in the universe, with planets orbiting a host star. Our planetary system is named
the "solar system" because our Sun is named Sol, after the Latin word for Sun, "solis," and anything related to the Sun we
call "solar."
 FORMATION OF OUR SOLAR SYSTEM:-
Our home planet is the third planet from the Sun, and the only place we know of so far that’s inhabited by living things. While
Earth is only the fifth largest planet in the solar system, it is the only world in our solar system with liquid water on the surface.
Just slightly larger than nearby Venus, Earth is the biggest of the four planets closest to the Sun, all of which are made of rock
and metal.

The name Earth is at least 1,000 years old. All of the planets, except for Earth, were named after Greek and Roman gods and
goddesses. However, the name Earth is a Germanic word, which simply means “the ground.”

Earth has a very hospitable temperature and mix of chemicals that have made life abundant here. Most notably, Earth is
unique in that most of our planet is covered in liquid water, since the temperature allows liquid water to exist for extended
periods of time. Earth's vast oceans provided a convenient place for life to begin about 3.8 billion years ago.
What If Earth's Magnetic Field Stops?
Extending from Earth like invisible spaghetti is the planet's magnetic field. Created by the churn of Earth's core, this field is
important for everyday life: It shields the planet from solar particles, it provides a basis for navigation and it might have
played an important role in the evolution of life on Earth.

But what would happen if Earth's magnetic field disappeared tomorrow? A larger number of charged solar particles would
bombard the planet, putting power grids and satellites on the fritz and increasing human exposure to higher levels of
cancer-causing ultraviolet radiation. In other words, a missing magnetic field would have consequences that would be
problematic but not necessarily apocalyptic, at least in the short term.

And that's good news, because for more than a century, it's been weakening. Even now, there are especially flimsy spots,
like the South Atlantic Anomaly in the Southern Hemisphere, which create technical problems for low-orbiting satellites.
The first thing to understand about the magnetic field is that, even if it weakens, it's not going to disappear — at least, not
for billions of years. Earth owes its magnetic field to its molten outer core, which is made mostly of iron and nickel. The
churning outer core is powered by the convection of heat released as the inner core grows and solidifies, said John Tarduno,
a geophysicist at the University of Rochester. (The inner core grows by about a millimeter per year.)

This magnetic-field engine, known as a dynamo, has been chugging along for billions of years. Scientists think that the
current core arrangement may have settled into place about 1.5 billion years ago, according to 2015 research that found a
leap in the magnetic field's strength around then. But Tarduno and his team have found evidence for a magnetic field on
Earth in the planet's oldest minerals, zircons, dating back 4.2 billion years, suggesting that activity in the core has been
creating magnetism for a very long time
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