PRACTICE TEST 2 ANSWER KEY 11.

B A subject is needed to complete the main clause of this

sentence. (A) contains a relative pronoun, which would
Section 1 Listening Comprehension
change the main clause to an adjective clause. (C) contains a
Part A
1. A 7. В 13. С 19. А 25. В conjunction, which would leave the main clause without a
2. A 8. D 14. D 20. С 26. А subject. (D) contains a determiner, which cannot function as a
subject in this sentence.
3. С 9. В 15. В 21. С 27. В
12. C A noun structure parallel to the phrases true empathy
4. D 10. В 16. В 22. D 28. С
and commitment to a principle is needed. Only (C)
5. С 11. А 17. В 23. А 29. А
contains such a structure.
6. А 12. С 18. С 24. A 30. С
Part В 13. D A preposition is needed to complete the modifying
31. С 33.B 35. В 37. А phrase. (A), (B), and (C) contain clause markers.
14. A Inverted subject-verb word order is needed after the
32. В 34.A 36. D 38. С
special expression not only. Incorrect word order is used
Part С
in (B), (C), and (D).
39. С 41. В 43. С 45. В 47. D 49. В
40. А 42. В 44. А 46. А 48. С 50. С 15. В An -ing modifying phrase is needed. (A) and (D)
would create main clauses. Two main clauses cannot be
Section 2 Structure and Written Expression
joined only by a comma. (C) contains a prepositional
1. В An adjective clause using a relative pronoun that
phrase that does not fit the meaning of the sentence.
refers to man is needed. (A) and (C) contain prepositions
16. A An infinitive is incorrectly formed. Correction: To make
only. (D) contains a relative pronoun (which) that cannot
17. C A verb form is used where a noun form is needed.
refer to a human noun.
2. В A correctly formed prepositional phrase showing Correction: shapes
location is needed. The indefinite article is needed before 18. В A singular noun is used where a plural noun is needed.
Correction: millions
small midwestem town. (A), (C), and (D) are missing the
19. В A noun form is used where a verb form is needed.
preposition, the article, or both.
Correction: fails
3. C A preposition is needed to begin the modifying
20. A A gerund is used where a regular noun is needed.
phrase. (A) would change the modifying phrase to a main
clause. Two main clauses cannot be joined by a comma. Correction: preference
(B) contains an adverb clause marker that cannot be used 21. D A masculine pronoun adjective is used where a
feminine one is needed to refer to Mary Rowlandson.
as a preposition. (D) contains a preposition that doesn't fit
Correction: her
the meaning of the sentence.
22. C An adjective form is used where an adverb form is
4. A An article is needed in this sentence to complete the
subject. (B) and (D) contain unnecessary clause markers needed. Correction: strategically
before the article and would change the sentence to a 23. В The equative form so... as is incorrectly formed.
Correction: as are
subordinate clause. Subordinate clauses cannot stand alone
24. C On the contrary is not parallel in meaning to on the
as sentences. (C) contains an unnecessary preposition
one hand. Correction: on the other hand
before the article and would embed the subject in a
25. A A nonfinite verb form is used where a finite verb
prepositional phrase.
5. C Standard subject-verb word order is needed when a form is needed. Correction: provides
question word begins a subordinate clause that is not a direct 26. В An infinitive is used after a modal. Modals are not
followed by infinitives. Correction: be
question. (A), (B), and (D) contain incorrect word order.
27. В The plural subject, cabinets and furniture, doesn't
6. D Inverted subject-verb word order is needed after the
agree in number with the verb is. Correction: are
introductory expression of location, Just off the
28. A A gerund is used where a regular noun form is
Massachusetts coast. Both a subject and a verb are needed
to complete the sentence. Incorrect word order is used in needed. Correction: recommendations
(A). (B) contains an unnecessary clause marker (where) 29. В A singular noun is used where a plural noun is
needed. Correction: 100 feet long
before the subject. (C) is missing a verb.
30. A The second half of a paired expression (neither ...
7. B (A) would be correct only if owners were followed by a
nor) is incorrect. Correction: nor
period (.) or a semicolon (;). (C) contains a preposition. There
31. D The pronoun none is used where an adjective is
is no noun object to complete a prepositional phrase in this
sentence. (D) creates a main clause. Two main clauses cannot needed. Correction: no
stand next to each other with no punctuation mark between 32. C A verb form is used where a noun form is needed.
Correction: design
them.
33. D There are two objects (it and increasing) for the
8. D A main clause using standard subject-verb word order is
preposition for. Correction: for
needed. Incorrect word order is used in (A), (B), and (C).
9. C An appositive noun phrase or noun clause structure is 34. D Similar is confused with the same. Correction: same
needed to rename John Updike. (A) contains an unnecessary 35. В An incorrect preposition is used. Correction: to
36. В An infinitive is incorrectly formed. Correction: to
verb before the appositive noun phrase. (B) contains an
split
unnecessary relative pronoun before the appositive noun
37. A The first half of the expression so ... that is incorrect.
phrase. (D) contains a complete sentence, which cannot
Correction: so
function as an appositive.
10. C An adverb clause marker is needed to begin the 38. C Inverted word order is used after how when it is not
subordinate clause. (A) and (D) contain prepositions, needed. Correction: her work would be
39. A The second half of the expression from... to is
which cannot be used as adverb clause markers. (B)
incorrectly formed. Correction: to
contains a noun clause marker and would create a noun
40. В The present perfect passive is incorrectly
clause with no place to function as a subject, object, or
formed. A form of the verb have is needed.
complement in this sentence.
Correction: has been given
 to happen is (A) unrealistic about their opportunities. The
Section 3 Reading Comprehension other answer choices are incorrect according to the passage.
1. A The correct answer is (A) because this idea is central 15. С The correct answer (C) is found in lines 18-21. The
to the passage. Answers (B), (C), and (D) are too general to discussion of Sandra Kurtzig in the passage points out that she
be the topic of this passage and are mentioned in the had little money at the beginning of her business venture, in
passage only in relation to the kangaroo rat. contrast to her later success. Key words in the passage to
2. В The meaning of the word "expire" can be deduced suggest lack of financial resources are: housewife (not a paid
from the beginning of the sentence Yet all living things occupation), her office was a bedroom at home (computer
must have water or expire (lines 2-3). The logical business offices are not usually bedrooms), and shoebox under
conclusion is that without water living things will die. the bed to hold the company's cash (rather than a bank).
3. D The correct answer (D) is the only choice which is not A shoebox is for shoes, not money. The author uses this
mentioned in the passage. All other choices are found in the comparison to add specific emphasis to his main point about
passage: (A) and (B) in lines 4-8 and (C) lines 3-4. women in business—that their position is improving. (A) and
4. D The noun water, (D), is the referent immediately (D) are not true according to the passage, and although (B) is
preceding the pronoun it. In addition, water is logically true, it is not related to the shoebox under the bed.
what herbivores find in plants, based on the meaning in the 16. С The pronoun "this" in line 16 refers to the fact
previous sentences. stated in the preceding line—that women worked in
5. D The correct answer (D) is the only choice which is women's fields in the past.
NOT mentioned in relation to the kangaroo rat. (A), (B), 17. В The clue to the meaning of "keep tabs on" is the
and (C) are mentioned in lines 5-9. context of what weekly newspapers need to do with their
6. C The concept of parsimony is relayed in lines 9-10 by newspaper carriers. It is logical that a software system will
the phrases conserves his small supply by every possible help to keep records of the newspaper carriers' sales and
means,... minuscule amounts in his excreta.., evaporation collections. Appearance, transportation, and payment of
from his respiratory tract. Frugality (C) is the answer salaries are not usually accounted for by computer software.
choice that describes this concept. 18. В Lines 26-27 mention a negative concept— women
7. D The correct answer (D) can be inferred from the examples failing in business. The immediate context of the word
in the passage of how desert animals have compensated for hurdles, They still face hurdles in the business world...
lack of water in their diet through ingenuity (lines 4-5) and problems... is still dominated by men... contains other
physiological adaptations (lines 7-10). negative concepts. (B) obstacles is the answer choice
8. D The meaning of the word "deprivation" can be deduced that also contains a negative connotation.
by understanding that a dry diet means that the kangaroo rat 19. С Line 25 in the passage states that Most businesses
had no water for the 7 weeks of the experiment (lines 19-20). owned by women are still quite small. Lines 27-29 explain
It can be inferred in line 21 that the long period of water the problems women have in business, especially problems
deprivation refers to the seven-week period of the dry diet. in raising money; the banking and finance world is still
Therefore, answer (D) withholding is the correct answer. dominated by men, and old attitudes die hard. The
9. C Lines 19-20 state that results of the experiments implication of the sequencing of this information is that
showed that the rats maintained their body weight there is a cause and effect relationship—raising money is
despite being on a dry diet with no access to water. hard because banks don't lend money, so businesses owned
Therefore, answer (C) is correct. Answers (A), (B), and by women are small rather than large. (A), (B), and (D) are
(D) are not true according to the passage. not true according to the passage.
10. D The correct answer (D) is found by quickly reading 20. B The last lines, 30-31, in the passage indicate the author's
the passage and noting that the key words and concepts attitude. From the negative tone of lines 26-29 the author states
that are repeated throughout the passage are women, But the situation is changing. Sandra Kurtzig is an example of
opening businesses of their own, and the change in the a successful businesswoman, and the author ends with there
type of work women have engaged in over the past are likely to be many more Sandra Kurtzigs in the years
twenty years. (D) is the only choice that paraphrases ahead. The attitude conveyed by the author is optimistic (B).
these concepts. (A) is a supporting detail in the passage; 21. A The correct answer (A) is arrived at by quickly reading the
(B) and (C) are not mentioned in the passage. passage and noting the recurring key concepts which are set out in
11. A The fact that women... are finding obstacles in the contrast: the new American literature and the change from
preceding sentence implies a negative situation for traditional to more liberal authors, characters and settings, literary
women. It can be inferred that women being excluded forms,and readers. The conclusion of the passage, found in lines
15-19, restates the main idea: In sum, American literature in these
from executive suites is another obstacle. Answer choice years... expands... and includes the world... connecting the
(A) not permitted in is the correct answer. American citizen with the citizens of all nations. This concept is a
12. B The correct answer (B) can be arrived at by eliminating change from the earlier more traditional and conservative local
the answer choices that are mentioned in the passage as views inferring that the new literature is less provincial than the old.
detriments to women in the business world. (A), (C), and (D) 22. B The correct answer (B) is found in lines 1-2. The words
are mentioned in lines 1-3. (B) is not mentioned in the This transcontinental settlement and these urban industrial
passage and therefore is the correct answer. circumstances are paraphrased in (B) as population shifts and
13. A The pronoun "that" refers to what women believed industrialization. This and these indicate that the concepts of
(line 13)—that they could become chairman of the board population shifts and industrialization were discussed in the
if they did certain things. passage immediately preceding.
14. A The correct answer (A) is found by quickly scanning 23. D Clues to the meaning of "evolved" are the phrases using
the passage to find the name Charlotte Taylor and then new in the preceding sentences. The comparison of American
reading carefully lines 12-14 which contain her quotation. literature to the center of production which had shifted from
The best paraphrase of her point of view In the 1970s Boston to New York also relates the idea of change.
women believed if... Now they've found out this isn't going 24. С The pronoun "it" in line 8 refers to American literature
mentioned in line 6 and referred to in lines 6 and 8.
 36. C The correct answer (C) is found in lines 10-11 Kentucky and
lines 13-17 Boonesboro.
25. B In lines 17-19 the author states that the new literature was 37. A The correct answer (A) is found in lines 10-11 There Boone
for the common American and was to address local and regional was recruited at age 40 to undertake a scheme designed to open
settings. The immediate context of the word exotic in line 12 is up Kentucky to settlers and establish it as a 14th colony, and
no longer will these narratives be set in exotic places and line 13 ... to Boone's employers, the Transylvania Company. (B)
remote times; it can be concluded that an exotic place is not and (C) are incorrect because they were Boone's own ideas and
usual or commonly known. (D) is incorrect because the Spanish invited Boone to come to
26. A The point that the author is making in lines 3-15 is the Missouri.
contrast of the old literature to the new literature. The 38. С The preceding line 21 states that Boone had lost his land. The
repetition of the phrase no longer introduces each supporting passage continues, Undaunted, he staked out more claims... It can be
detail; the use of indeed adds emphasis to one example— the inferred that if someone loses all his or her land, he or she will be
contrast of the literary forms of the past and the new American discouraged. Boone staked out more claims, indicating that he was
literature. not at all discouraged (C).
27. A Clues to the reference to "these years" in line 15 is found at 39. В The correct answer (B) is found in lines 25-26 which state But
the beginning of the passage the last half of the 19th century the Louisiana Purchase, which embraced Missouri, again left him
(line 2), which set the time frame for the introduction of the new ... landless. The land previously given to Boone was taken away
American literature that is described in the passage. The last half by the Louisiana Purchase. (A) is incorrect—Boone's claim was
of the 19th century includes the years 1985-1900. revoked not legitimized. (C) is not mentioned in the passage, and
28. С The correct answer (C) can be inferred by using the clues in (D) is incorrect—Missouri was included not excluded from the
lines 15-19:.. .the condition Walt Whitman called for in 1867 in jurisdiction of the Louisiana Purchase.
describing Leaves of Grass: it treats, he said of his own major 40. A The correct answer (A) can be inferred from lines 1-2 which
work,.... The passage states that Walt Whitman's description of state that Boone's son Nathan had an elegant stone Missouri
Leaves of Grass is a description of his own major work (his own farmhouse, and line 26 which states that Boone—but not his
book). (A) and (D) cannot be inferred from the passage. (B) is children—were landless. Boone ended up old and broke while
untrue according to the passage—Whitman called for the his son lived in an elegant house and owned land, both of which
condition which the new literature fulfilled, implying that he imply wealth— a good financial condition.
approved of it. 41. A The correct answer is (A) because the author describes
29. A The correct answer (A) can be inferred from the last lines of Boone in positive terms throughout the passage. In the first
the passage Just as America learned to play a role in this half paragraph the author states that Boone was an example of the
century as an autonomous international political, economic, and pioneer at his best and gives examples to support this view. In
military power, so did its literature establish itself as a producer the last paragraph Boone is portrayed as undaunted, hopeful, and
of major works. These lines show that literature was also cheerful, all positive attributes. This description of Boone
esteemed as an American contribution on the international reflects an admiring attitude on the part of the author.
scene. The other answers are true according to the passage: 42. C The correct answer is (C) because this is the central idea of the
(B) lines 3-14, (С) lines 4-6, and (D) lines 19-22. passage. Answers (A), (B), and (D) are supplementary ideas.
30. B The topic of the passage is literature, specifically, 43. B The correct answer (B) is found in lines 3-6, which state that
American literature. Therefore (B) is the logical academic the rate at which bacteria in the mouth produce acid depends in
course in which it would be read. part on whether the bacteria of the plaque have been "primed" by
31. A The correct answer (A) is found in lines 3-4 But Boone frequent exposure to sugar. This means that frequent exposure to
already exemplified the pioneer at his best. The rest of the sugar causes plaque to produce more bacteria. Answers (A) and
passage describes the character and exploits of Boone. This is (C) are true according to lines 7-9 and answer (D) is true
restated in (A) as ... chronicle the life of a model pioneer. (B) is according to lines 9-10.
not true according to the passage, which tries to present Boone's 44. A The correct answer (A) is found in lines 11—13 some fluoride
positive and negative characteristics. Neither (C) nor (D) is the is incorporated into the enamel of the teeth, making them more
main purpose of the passage. Parts of the passage related to (C) resistant to attack by acid. It can be inferred that being resistant to
and (D) are an elaboration of specific aspects of Boone's life. attack is similar to strengthen. Answers (B), (C), and (D) are not
32. C The immediate context of "surge" in the surge of emigrants mentioned in the passage as benefits of fluoride to teeth.
along the Oregon Trail... gives us the image of the movement of 45. C The correct answer is (C) because this is the noun phrase that
people along a highway. The answer choice that relates to logically makes the surfaces of the teeth accessible to healthy saliva.
movement is (C) rush. 46. B The correct answer is (B) because the passage discusses the
33. C The correct answer (C) can be inferred by noting the relation of sweets to cavities and suggests how to reduce the risk of
examples of Boone's dealings in land given throughout the cavities if sweets are eaten. Lines 23-24 state ... if these rules are
passage and the key words used in describing these dealings. In followed when eating sweets. Following rules implies being careful
lines 10-21: Boone was recruited... to undertake a scheme ... He when eating sweets. (A) is too strong based on the information in the
arranged a deal... the scheme... was declared illegal and Boone passage; (C) is incorrect according to lines 16-17; (D) is incorrect
lost his land. In lines 22-23 ... he staked out more claims—and according to line 19.
lost them because he impatiently neglected to register his deeds. 47. C Clues to the meaning of "scrape-off are the immediate context
He was successful in (A) lines 17-19; (B) lines 26-27; (D) lines eat foods... that scrape-off plaque and the phrase acting as a
19-20. toothbrush.
34. A The context of the phrase "fair and square" in the passage is 48. D From the context of lines 21-23 we have the image of
a real estate transaction. The words fair and square have a food rubbing against the teeth as a toothbrush does. Such an
positive connotation, and it is mentioned in lines 14 and 15 that action is abrasive.
an attorney and an interpreter as well as the Indians' wives were 49. C The correct answer (C) is found in lines 22-23. ... that
present. In can be concluded that answer choice (A) honest is the scrape off plaque, acting as a toothbrush is similar in meaning
correct answer. to... remove the plaque from your teeth. (A), (B), and (D) are not
35. B The correct answer (B) can be inferred from paragraph three. mentioned in the passage.
Paragraph two states that Boone lost all his land in Kentucky, which 50. B The correct answer (B) is found in lines 17-19 which
would be a reason for unhappiness. However, in paragraph three states The number of times you eat sweets rather than the total
very positive words are used to describe Boone's later life: amount determines how much harmful acid the bacteria in
undaunted; ever hopeful; Old and broke, Boone cheerfully your saliva produce. (A) is incorrect because the amount of
continued'hunting and trapping ...; Shortly before he died, he was sweets influences the quality of your saliva, not the amount of
talking knowledgeably about the joys to be experienced in settling acid. (C) and (D) are incorrect because they are not mentioned
California. (A), (C), and (D) are not true according to the passage. in the passage as related to acid production.