PRACTICE TEST FOUR ANSWER KEY a passive verb form.

(D) contains an infinitive, which cannot

Section 1 Listening Comprehension be renamed by the appositive.
Part A 15. В The correct preposition is needed to begin the prepositional
1. D 6. B 11.A 16. B 21. D 26. B phrase. The prepositions in (A), (C), and (D) are incorrect.
2. С 7. B 12. C 17. A 22. A 27. A 16. В A verb form is used where a noun form is needed.
3. D 8. C 13. C 18. D 23. В 28. B Correction: accumulation
4. В 9. D 14. A 19. D 24.B 29. A 17. D A gerund is used where a noun parallel in structure to
5. С 10. D 15. A 20. B 25. D 30. B society and culture is needed. Correction: behavior
Part В 18. В The noun clause following it is incorrectly formed. An adverb
31. В 33. D 35. D 37. В clause marker has been used where a noun clause marker is needed.
32. А 33. D 36. В 38. С Correction: that
Part С 19. В An adjective form is used where an adverb form is
39. А 41. С 43. В 45. В 47. А 49. D needed. Correction: innately
40. В 42. А 44. А 46. С 48. А 50. В 20. D An adjective form is used where a verb form is needed.
Correction: save
Section 2 Structure and Written Expression 21. D Either is used to refer to one out of two things. In this sentence,
1. A The adverb clause needs to be completed. A clause marker, two things (metal and glass) are both being referred to. Correction:
subject, and verb are needed to do so. (B) contains a compound for both
preposition, which cannot be followed by an adjective (in this case, 22. A An incorrect preposition is used. Correction: for
noncorrosive). (C) contains a subject and a verb, but no clause 23. В An unnecessary preposition precedes the relative pronoun.
marker. (D) contains a clause marker, but no subject or verb. Correction: that
2. D A noun subject is needed to come before the appositive 24. В An incorrect preposition is used. Correction: in/into
cultural diffusion. (A) and (B) contain nonfinite verb forms 25. A An adverb form is used where an adjective form is
which cannot be subjects in this sentence. (C) contains an needed. Correction: poor
unnecessary preposition (To) before the subject. 26. A The past participle form of see is used where the past form
3. D The adverb clause needs to be completed. A clause marker, is needed. Correction: saw
subject, and verb are needed to do so. (A) contains a subject and 27. A The expression so ... that is incorrectly formed. Correction: so
verb, but no clause marker. (B) and (C) contain question word 28. В The pronoun they does not agree in number with the noun
order,which is not needed. (writing) that it refers to. Correction: it
4. C A gerund subject is needed. (A) contains the -ing verb 29. A Incorrect adjective-noun word order is used. Correction:
form, but it is being used as a participle, not a gerund. The Metropolitan newspapers
subject of (B) is Those, which does not agree with the verb 30. С An object pronoun is used where a possessive adjective is
promotes. (D) contains an unnecessary preposition (for) before needed. Correction: for his
the gerund. 31. A A subordinate clause marker is used where a preposition is
5. D A verb followed by its complement is needed. (A) contains needed. Correction: During
incorrect word order. (B) and (C) contain the unnecessary 32. A A verb form is used where an adjective form is needed.
pronoun it. Correction: promotional
6. B A verb and direct object are needed. (A) contains a verb only. 33. В An infinitive is incorrectly formed. Correction: to open
(C) contains a verb and object, but the verb does not agree with the 34. С A singular noun is used where a plural noun is needed.
subject Spectrographs. (D) contains a passive construction. Correction: years
7. A A correctly formed equative structure is needed. (B) 35. В The superlative degree of little is incorrectly formed.
contains a superlative structure. Incorrect word order is used in Correction: at least
(C). (D) includes no structures of comparison. 36. С A singular noun is used where a plural noun is needed.
8. B Only a finite verb is needed. (A) contains an unnecessary Correction: feet
subject (they) before the verb. (C) contains an unnecessary 37. D An infinitive is used where a noun parallel to intelligence
clause marker (which} , before the verb. (D) contains a is needed. Correction: experience
nonfinite verb form. 38. В The indefinite article is used in an expression that does
9. B A subject and a verb are needed. (A) contains a subject, not need it. Correction: night
potassium, which does not fit the meaning of the sentence. (C) 39. В Much, an expression of quantity, should be used only with
and (D) contain the unnecessary clause marker Since. uncountable nouns. In this sentence, much is being used with a
10. B Only an active finite verb is needed. (A) contains both a plural countable noun (ammo acids). Correction: many
subject and a verb. (C) contains a nonfinite verb. (D) contains 40. В The adverb also is used where a conjunction is needed.
a passive verb form. Correction: and
11. B A main clause is needed that has a subject that can be
modified by the adjective phrase Declared an endangered Section 3 Reading Comprehension
species in the United States, in (A), people is the subject. It is 1. D The correct answer (D) is found by reading the passage quickly
not people who have been declared an endangered species, so to note the key concepts and relationships of swans, mute swans,
(A) is incorrect. (C) and (D) also contain subjects (extinction) and the problem they are causing. Paragraph one gives general
and (gathering) which cannot be endangered species. Only (B) information on North American swans; paragraph two introduces
contains a subject (ginseng root) which could be an mute swans and the problem: ... are increasing at an alarming 30
endangered species. to 40 percent annually; destroy a pond's plant life and drive away
12. D A direct object followed by its appositive phrase is needed.(A) native waterfowl. The third paragraph adds more facts about the
contains an entire main clause. (B) contains an unnecessary verb. danger of mute swans to the environment:... which can burden
(C) contains an unnecessary clause marker. delicate and environmentally essential brackish waters. (A) is too
13. A An appropriate object for the preposition by is needed. (B) general for the purpose of this passage; (B) is incorrect because the
contains a past participle, which cannot be the object of a passage goes beyond description; and (C) is not correct according
preposition. (C) contains a main clause, which also cannot be the to this passage.
object of a preposition. (D) contains incorrect word order. The 2. С The correct answer (C) is found in lines 9-11: ... are increasing
gerund in (A) can be the direct object of a preposition. at an alarming 30 to 40 percent; and in lines 17-19: can nest in
14. С A subject is needed to be renamed by the appositive pairs of as many as three or four on one small coastal pond, which
ceiling joists. (A) contains a prepositional phrase. (B) contains can burden.... (A) is a fact that is not related to the environmental
 problem; (B) and (D) are facts about swans that are only of and (D) are not mentioned in the passage, and (C) refers to
concern when there are too many mute swans. numerical signs, according to line 21.
3. D The clue to the meaning of "wiped out" is found in the 18. D Clues to the meaning of "repertory" are the fact that the
immediate context. The trumpeter swan... was nearly wiped repertory of characters... was large; it is estimated at no fewer than
out during the nineteenth century craze for elaborately 1,500 signs (lines 23-24). We infer that "repertory" includes a large
feathered hats. It can be inferred that the craze for feathered number of signs. The best answer choice is (D) number.
hats was detrimental to the swans, and therefore, answer 19. B The correct answer is (B) because the whole passage refers in a
choice (D) killed off is best. fairly technical way to fats and the function of fats in the body, a
4. B The information in the sentences following the phrase... topic related to the field of nutrition. LINES 19-20 conclude with a
have begun increasing by an alarming 30-40% ... states that reference to nutrients and nutritionists. The other answer choices are
mute swans destroy a pond's plant life and drive away native incorrect because: (A) and (C) the passage gives more information
waterfowl, and might create havoc on the scale of the gypsy about fats than would be of use to a reader of a diet book or of a
moth,... (lines 12-14). This negative effect of the mute swan cookbook; (D) the information on fats is too formal and specific to
leads us to infer that an increase of 30-40% would cause worry be found in a popular women's magazine.
or concern. Therefore, answer choice (B) a worrisome 30-40% 20. C The correct answer is (C) because the passage does not
is correct. state that poor people eat fatty foods. Answers (A), (B), and
5. C The correct answer (C) is stated in lines 15-16:... (D) are true according to statements in the first paragraph.
uninhabited summer ground for nesting and feeding is best 21. C The immediate context of "functions" is In addition to
restated as unpopulated areas, (A) is incorrect because it is the providing energy, fats have several other functions in the body; we
opposite of uninhabited; (B) is not mentioned in the passage know from this that one function of fats is to provide energy, In the
and (D) is untrue according to lines 13-17. sentences that follow we read about other functions of [Link]:fats
6. A The correct answer is (A) because the other answer choices cause food to remain longer in the stomach,... (lines 8-9); fats add
are mentioned as features of swans in the passage: (B) in lines variety, taste, and texture to foods... (line 10). It can be inferred from
15-19; (C) in paragraphs one and two, and (D) in lines 3-10 this information that "functions" means what fats do in the body. The
7. C The correct answer is (C) according to lines 5-8 which best answer choice in this context is (C) jobs.
describe the trumpeter swan. The phrase was nearly wiped out 22. D In the sentence Good sources of these vitamins have high
is similar in meaning to close to extinction. oil or fat content, and the vitamins are stored in the body's fatty
8. A The phrase "majestic white creatures" refers to mute swans, tissues, we infer that fatty tissues are a place where vitamins are
which is the topic of the preceding sentence. deposited within the body. Therefore, answer choice (D)
9. C The immediate context of "burden" is Mutes ... nest in pairs accumulated, best represents this concept.
of as many as three or four on one small coastal pond, which 23. D The correct answer is (D), which is not mentioned in the passage.
can burden the delicate and environmentally essential brackish Other answer choices are mentioned in the passage as functions that
waters. We infer that the occurrence of so many mute swans fats serve: (A) in lines 8-9; (B) in lines 11-12; and (C) in line 5.
living on a small and delicate pond is a negative thing. 24. A The information in the sentences which follow the immediate
Therefore, answer choice (C) endanger is correct. context of "essential" (line 14) describes the abnormalities that occur
10. B The correct answer is (B) according to lines 12-14:... with in rats when there is not enough fat in their diets. We infer that a
their tendency to destroy a pond's plant life and drive away certain amount of fat is necessary for good health. Therefore, answer
native waterfowl, might create havoc...; and lines 18-19 which choice (A) required for is correct.
can burden... waters. The other answer choices are incorrect 25. A The correct answer (A) is found in line 15: When rats are
because: (A) the passage only states that numbers of mute swans fed a fat-free diet, their growth eventually ceases .... The other
are increasing and does not compare them to other types of answer choices are not mentioned in the passage.
swans; (C) is implied as not true because of the problems the 26. A The correct answer (A) is found in lines 19-20: Most
mute swans pose for coastal ponds and waterfowl; (D) is implied nutritionists consider linoleic fatty acid an essential nutrient for
as untrue in line 12 ... the majestic white creatures ... Majestic humans. The other answer choices are not true according to the
implies an attractive appearance. passage.
11. B The correct answer (B) can be inferred because the tone of the 27. D The phrase "these abnormalities" refers to the noun phrases in
article is one of concern. Key words are: alarming, create havoc, the preceding sentence: ... their growth eventually ceases, their skin
burden delicate waters. The issue the author writes about is the becomes inflamed and scaly, and their reproductive systems are
problem that the mute swans create. damaged (lines 15-17). Answer choice (D) is a paraphrase of these
12. В The correct answer is (B) because this is the central idea of conditions.
he passage. Answers (A) and (D) are too narrow to be the topic; 28. В The correct answer (B) is found in lines 14-15: Whether a
answer (C) is too general to be the topic of the passage. certain amount of fat in the diet is essential to human health is not
13. С The correct answer is (C) because answers (A), (B), and definitely known. This is best restated as not yet a proven fact. (A)
(D) are stated in the first paragraph as reasons why writing was and (C) are not mentioned in the passage; (D) is not correct
the most important invention in human history. according to lines 18-19.
14. B The sentence in which the phrase "attributed to" occurs, The 29. В The correct answer is (B) because paragraph two of the passage
earliest system of writing is usually attributed to the Sumerians ... , describes technique and paragraph three describes style. The relation
is followed by a description of the Uruk writing system. We infer of the two aspects of dance is stated in lines 14-16: If technique is...,
from the context that the Sumerians developed the earliest writing (then) style...
system. Therefore, answer choice (B) credited to is correct. 30. С The meaning of "kinesthetic" and "kinetic" can be deduced by
15. C Lines 20-22 state that there were two kinds of signs. We looking at the context of the first paragraph. Key words are dancer,
infer that incise is different from impress, and that the pointed body parts, functions , and in the last sentence, from this basis..iп
end of the stylus would make a sharp mark. Therefore, answer their movements. The correct answer is (C) movement.
choice (C) cut is correct. 31. B Clues to the meaning of "put together" are found in the context
16. B The correct answer is (B) because the other answer choices are of the topic of the paragraph, which is choreographers creating
mentioned in the passage as things on which early writing was dances and dance steps. We infer that to "put together" a dance is to
inscribed: (A) in line 16; (C) and (D) in lines 17-18. According to create it.
line 19, characters were what was inscribed on a surface. 32. C The phrase "those pieces" refers to the noun phrase... dances
17. A The correct answer (A) is found in line 22. Incised is similar that consist of nothing but such basic steps as walking or running
in meaning to cut into. In the context of the passage, incised with the (lines 11-12). The dance is referred to as a piece, as is often the case
pointed end of the stylus is a clue to the meaning of incised. (B) in artistic contexts.
33. A The correct answer (A) can be inferred from these 41. D The correct answer (D) can be inferred from lines 5-6:
passages in lines 8-12: Some dances contain only the most Thousands of hailstorms occur each year, especially in the moist,
elementary steps. Lines 10-12 state: the experimental Judson temperate climates of the middle latitudes. Of the answer choices,
Dance Theater ... that consist of nothing but such basic actions only (D) a moderate climate/ is similar in meaning to the moist
as walking or running. temperate climates of the middle latitudes. Logical reasoning also
34. D The correct answer (D) can be arrived at checking the tells us that the middle latitudes have moderate climates, not dry,
context in which the word "work" is used. In the immediate tropical, or arctic climates.
sentence: many things can affect the style of a work: for 42. В The correct answer (B) can be found in lines 10-12.... the air
instance... and in the next sentence: The style of an abstract is at first so pure that water droplets can exist at temperatures well
dance may also be determined.... We can infer from this context below the freezing point without turning to ice.
that a work has style, and that style is being discussed in relation 43. В Clues to the meaning of "frigid" are found in the phrase
to dance. The main point in this paragraph is that dances are temperatures well below the freezing point and without turning to ice
organized and choreographed. (A), (B), and (C) are not logical (lines 11-12), where the reference is to cold temperatures.
replacements in this context. 44. В The correct answer (B) can be inferred from lines 16-19
35. A The meaning of the word "set" can be inferred from the which describes the formation of a hailstone: Buffeted about by
context in the sentence ... the historical period and a series of updrafts and downdrafts, the hailstone gathers
geographical locale in which it is set and the social status of layer upon layer of ice. When it has grown so heavy that even
its characters. We deduce that the historical period and the strongest updraft .... This description can best be restated
geographical locale provide the background for the style of a as cumulative.
work (lines 16-17). In this context, answer choice (A) 45. С The correct answer (C) is found in lines 17-19: When it
presented is closest in meaning to set. has grown so heavy that even the strongest updraft cannot
36. C Clues to the meaning of "predilections" are found in the sustain it, the mature hailstone plummets to earth.
sentence following the word, which gives examples of a 46. B The phrase "the amazing specimen" refers to the pronoun
choreographer's predilections: Some choreographers are fond one in one that measured... (line 24): one refers to the noun
of lyrical movements, whereas others prefer sharp, glittering hailstones in the preceding clause scores of unusually large
steps (lines 19-20). We infer that "predilections" are what hailstones (line 23). The phrase the stone (line 27) also refers
someone likes, or prefers, to do. back to the amazing specimen.
37. A The correct answer is (A) because the choices (B), (C), 47. B The correct answer (B) is found in line 20: While weak
and (D) are mentioned in the passage: (B) in lines 20-22; (C) storms produce small stones that melt before reaching the
in lines 18-19 (the word predilections is similar in meaning to ground.... Because the stones are small (in size), they melt quickly.
preference); and (D) in lines 16-18. 48. С From the context meteorologists confirmed that it set a
38. A The correct answer is (A) because hailstorms are new record for its size... (line 26) we infer that it is scientists
discussed throughout the passage. The other answer choices do who made the judgment of the record setting size. We further
not reflect the topic nor the main ideas of the passage. infer that this was an authoritative statement that was recorded.
39. C The meaning of "it wipes you out" can be found by Therefore, answer (C) established is correct.
checking the context of the phrase in paragraph one. Lines 1-2 49. C The correct answer (C) is found by checking the context
state that sudden destruction of crops can be caused by hail, of the sentence: When the amazing specimen was sent to
which is what wipes you out. Line 4 states that this loss of Colorado's National Center for Atmospheric Research,
crops to harvest leaves you without a penny—in financial ruin. meteorologists confirmed that it set a new record for size ....
We can infer that wipes you out means financial disaster. Logical reasoning tells us that the new record for size was set
40. A The meaning of "devastation" can be inferred from the by the specimen stone, not the storm, nor the National Center
information in the preceding paragraph (lines 5-8). Hailstorms for Atmospheric Research.
cause crop damage of billions of dollars as well as millions of 50. C The correct answer (C) is found by noting that the passage is
dollars lost to livestock deaths and property damage. The a series of descriptions of 1) the damage of hailstorms, 2) the
phrase such devastation (line 9) refers to this damage and formation of hailstones, and 3) the characteristics of hailstones. It
destruction. Therefore, answer choice (A) destruction is is not a passage to argue a point (A), to compare hailstones with
correct. other natural disasters (B), or to show a process (D).