LTI Systems Problem Set EC301 Spring 2024
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harounahmed621LTI Systems Problem Set EC301 Spring 2024
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Powered by AISolving the recurrence relation y[n] + 2y[n-1] = x[n] + 2x[n-2] involves first determining an appropriate homogeneous solution that fits the characteristic equation y[n] + 2y[n-1] = 0, resulting in terms of the form C*(-2)ⁿ. To solve recursively for a given input x[n], establish the particular solution based on this input structure, and calculate y[n] using initial conditions starting from n = 0, iteratively computing subsequent y[n] terms based on previous y[n] and x[n] values provided .
The initial rest condition, where all past outputs and derivatives prior to t = 0 are zero, ensures that the system's output and behavior are entirely influenced by future inputs from t = 0 onward. For the equation 𝑑y(t)/𝑑t + 2y(t) = x(t) with x(t) = e^(3t)u(t), this condition simplifies computations as there is no initial 'memory' in the system. The particular solution for this first-order linear differential system can be found using the method of undetermined coefficients, leading to a response entirely dependent on the given input post t = 0 .
Assuming initial rest conditions implies y[-1] = 0 initially. To find the system response to an input (1/3)ⁿu[n], use z-transforms to convert the difference equation into the z-domain. This facilitates deriving the system function H(z). Solve for Y(z) by applying the input transform, inverse transforming Y(z) back to the time domain yields y[n] iteratively based on the desired input. Run iterations for y[n] starting from n = 0 to compute values using known past values iteratively in the equation .
Stability of a discrete-time LTI system is determined by the absolute summability of its impulse response. For h[n] = (1/5)ⁿu[n], the amplitude decreases geometrically, and the sum of the infinite series Σ(1/5)ⁿ = 1/(1-(1/5)) = 5 is finite. Therefore, the system represented by this impulse response is stable .
An LTI system is causal if the impulse response h[n] is zero for all n < 0. The impulse response h[n] = (-1/2)ⁿu[n] + (1.01)ⁿu[1-n] combines a causal part (-1/2)ⁿu[n] and a non-causal part (1.01)ⁿu[1-n]. The existence of non-zero terms from the future (from u[1-n]) renders the system non-causal. For stability, the system impulse response must be absolutely summable, but the term (1.01)ⁿu[1-n] grows with n, indicating the system is not stable .
To determine the impulse response of the given system, 𝑑y(t)/𝑑t + y(t) = −𝑑x(t)/𝑑t + x(t), first apply Laplace Transform to convert the differential equation into an algebraic equation in the s-domain, which facilitates solving for the system's transfer function H(s). The transformed equation, utilizing the Laplace properties, allows isolating Y(s) in terms of X(s), yielding H(s). Finally, take the inverse Laplace Transform to obtain the time-domain impulse response h(t).
The term u(t) in h(t) = t e^(-t) u(t) ensures the impulse response is zero for all t < 0, establishing causality since the system does not anticipate future inputs. For stability, evaluate the integral of the absolute value of h(t): ∫ from 0 to ∞ |t e^(-t)| dt = 1, which is finite, confirming the system is stable. The exponential decay further complements stability by ensuring the amplitude diminishes over time .
To find the impulse response of this LTI system, first solve its homogeneous equation y[n] - 6y[n-1] + 9y[n-2] = 0. Solving the characteristic polynomial yields roots (s - 3)² = 0, indicating a solution combination C₁3ⁿ + C₂n3ⁿ. Given an impulse δ[n-1], apply initial conditions y[-1] = 0, y[0] = 0 to solve for constants, leading to the specific impulse response noted over discrete time .
The LTI system's stability and causality are determined by examining the characteristic equation, s² + 6s + 9 = 0, derived from the homogenous part of the differential equation. This factorizes to (s + 3)², indicating repeated negative roots at s = -3, implying the system is exponentially stable since all poles are in the left-half s-plane. The system is causal because it is initially at rest, meaning its impulse response depends only on present and past inputs .
To find the convolution of x(t) and h(t), we use the property of the delta function where convolution with δ(t-τ) results in a time-shifted version of the function by τ. The result is given by y(t) = x(t) * h(t) = x(t+2) + 2x(t+1). Transforming x(t) using x(t+2) and x(t+1) produces shifted components based on the piecewise definition of x(t): y(t) evaluates to 0 for t < -2, increments in different segments, and covers all defined ranges of x(t) shifted accordingly by the delta functions.