АСТРОНОМИЧЕСКОЕ EURO–ASIAN Round Pr a c
ОБЩЕСТВО ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
Group α
XVIII Международная астрономическая олимпиада
XVIII International Astronomy Olympiad
язык
Литва, Вильнюс 6 – 14. IX. 2013 Vilnius, Lithuania
la n gu ag e English
Practical round. Problems to solve
7. Asteroid.
Analysis of observations of a near earth asteroid.
Astronomers of two observatories, which are located at a distance of 3172 km from each other, took CCD
images of a certain region of the sky for the search of a near earth asteroid. Two images were obtained by
Observatory 1 during the same night at 4h53m UT and at 7h16m UT. These images (negatives) are shown in
Figs. 7.1 and 7.2, respectively. The next two images obtained on the same night were made at Observatory
1 .and Observatory 2 simultaneously. These images (negatives) are shown in Figs. 7.3 and 7.4. The scale of
all the images is the same as shown in Fig. 7.1.
7.1. Identify and mark the asteroid in the given Figs.
7.2. Measure the angular displacement (in arcsec) of the asteroid as seen from Observatory 1 and calculate
its angular velocity in arcsec/s.
7.3. Measure the parallax of the asteroid (in arcsec) and calculate its distance from the earth.
7.4. Calculate the tangential linear velocity (velocity perpendicular to the line of sight) of the asteroid.
Note: You are provided a transparency for measurements of angular displacements of the asteroid.
Л и т в а , В и л ьн ю с 2013 Vi l ni us , L i t hu a n i a
АСТРОНОМИЧЕСКОЕ EURO–ASIAN Round Pr a c
ОБЩЕСТВО ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
Group α
XVIII Международная астрономическая олимпиада
XVIII International Astronomy Olympiad к од
Литва, Вильнюс 6 – 14. IX. 2013 Vilnius, Lithuania co d e
7. Asteroid. 7. Астероид.
Fig. 7.1. 4:53 UT Рис. 7.1.
Fig. 7.2. 7:16 UT Рис. 7.2.
Ли т ва, В ил ьнюс 2013 Vi l ni us , L i t hu a n i a
АСТРОНОМИЧЕСКОЕ EURO–ASIAN Round Pr a c
ОБЩЕСТВО ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
Group α
XVIII Международная астрономическая олимпиада
XVIII International Astronomy Olympiad к од
Литва, Вильнюс 6 – 14. IX. 2013 Vilnius, Lithuania co d e
7. Asteroid. 7. Астероид.
Fig. 7.3. Observatory 2 Рис. 7.3.
Fig. 7.4. Observatory 1 Рис. 7.4.
Ли т ва, В ил ьнюс 2013 Vi l ni us , L i t hu a n i a
АСТРОНОМИЧЕСКОЕ EURO–ASIAN Round Pr a c
ОБЩЕСТВО ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
Group α β
XVIII Международная астрономическая олимпиада
XVIII International Astronomy Olympiad
язык
Литва, Вильнюс 6 – 14. IX. 2013 Vilnius, Lithuania
la n gu ag e English
Practical round. Problems to solve
αβ-8.
αβ Jupiter. Analysis of observational data of Jupiter and its moons
Observational data of Jupiter and its moons are given on separate sheets.
Your answers (measured values, results of calculations, used formulas) must be written in corresponding
tables.
A. See separate sheet.
B. Equatorial rotational period and radius
Two CCD images of Jupiter are shown in Figs. 2 and 3. The vertical lines in figures marks the position of
the projection of Jupiter‘s rotation axis (we assume it is perpendicular to the line of sight). The rotation
period can be obtained from horizontal shifts of stable atmospheric features located relatively close to the
equator.
B.1. What time interval in seconds (dt) separate these images?
B.2. One feature useful for measurements is already marked “1”. Select and mark two additional features
as “2” and “3” in both pictures.
B.3. Measure distances from the central vertical line to the marked features in both images
(x1 and x2, respectively) and to the Jupiter limb at the feature’s latitude (Lx).
B.4. Calculate the rotational angle (φφ ) for each feature.
B.5. Calculate the averaged value of rotational angle (φ φ _avg).
B.6. Calculate the rotational period (PJe), in hours.
B.7. Calculate Jupiter‘s equatorial radius (RJe), in km.
C. Mass and density
Figs. 4-6 display observations of three Jupiter moons obtained during five successive nights in September
2011. Abscissa in those figures is time of observation measured in hours from the beginning of the
observing session. Ordinate is the angular distance (in angular minutes) of the moon from the center of
Jupiter at the moment of observation. The equatorial radius of Jupiter in the angular seconds is also given
for some moments.
C.1. Estimate the period of revolution of each Jupiter‘s moon (Pm), in hours.
C.2. Estimate the semimajor axis of the orbit of each Jupiter‘s moon expressed in Jupiter‘s equatorial radii
(a_Je) and convert it into meters (a).
C.3. Use your mesurements of each moon to calculate the mass of Jupiter (MJ) independently.
C.4. Calculate the averaged value of Jupiter mass (MJ_avg).
C.5. From Jupiter image estimate the ratio of Jupiter‘s polar and equatorial radii (Rp/Re).
C.6. Calculate the mean radius of Jupiter (RJ_avg).
C.7. Calculate the density of Jupiter (ρJ ).
Ли т ва, В ил ьнюс 2013 Vi l ni us , L i t hu a n i a
АСТРОНОМИЧЕСКОЕ EURO–ASIAN Round Prac
ОБЩЕСТВО ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
Group
XVIII Международная астрономическая олимпиада
XVIII International Astronomy Olympiad
Литва, Вильнюс 6 – 14. IX. 2013 Vilnius, Lithuania
8.
A.
Vr = 12.6 km/s
Литва, Вильнюс 2013 Vilnius, Lithuania
АСТРОНОМИЧЕСКОЕ EURO–ASIAN Round Pr a c
ОБЩЕСТВО ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
Group β
XVIII Международная астрономическая олимпиада
XVIII International Astronomy Olympiad
язык
Литва, Вильнюс 6 – 14. IX. 2013 Vilnius, Lithuania
la n gu ag e English
Practical round. Problems to solve
β-8. Jupiter.
A. Rotational velocity
Spectrum of Jupiter (Fig. 1) was obtained when the slit of a spectrograph was aligned along the planet’s
equator. Wavelengths (λ λ) of several recognized lines are shown. Due to Jupiter rotation the reflected
Sunlight was affected by the Doppler effect. The spectral lines become inclined, because the spectrum of
light reflected from the receding part of Jupiter is red-shifted, and of light reflected from the approaching
part is blue-shifted. Non-inclined lines, which are visible in the spectrum, were formed in the Earth
atmosphere.
A.1. Evaluate the mean scale of the given spectral interval (N), in nm per mm.
A.2. Measure the difference between the uppermost and the lowermost end of an inclined spectral line in
mm (dx) and convert it into nm (dλλ). Do this for 3 lines independently.
A.3. Calculate the equatorial rotational velocity of Jupiter (vr) for each measured line and the final
averaged value (vr_avg).
Ли т ва, В ил ьнюс 2013 Vi l ni us , L i t hu a n i a
АСТРОНОМИЧЕСКОЕ EURO–ASIAN Round Prac
ОБЩЕСТВО ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
Group
XVIII Международная астрономическая олимпиада
XVIII International Astronomy Olympiad код
Литва, Вильнюс 6 – 14. IX. 2013 Vilnius, Lithuania code
8.
Table A
N [nm/mm] =
[nm] dx [mm] d[nm] vr [km/s]
vr_avg [km/s] =
FORMULAE
vr [km/s] =
АСТРОНОМИЧЕСКОЕ EURO–ASIAN Round Prac
ОБЩЕСТВО ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
Group
XVIII Международная астрономическая олимпиада
XVIII International Astronomy Olympiad код
Литва, Вильнюс 6 – 14. IX. 2013 Vilnius, Lithuania code
8.
Table B
dt[s] =
Feature x1 [mm] x2 [mm] Lx [mm] [°]
1
2
3
_avg =
PJe [h] =
RJe [km] =
FORMULAE
[°] =
PJe [h] =
RJe [km] =
Литва, Вильнюс 2013 Vilnius, Lithuania
АСТРОНОМИЧЕСКОЕ EURO–ASIAN Round Prac
ОБЩЕСТВО ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
Group
XVIII Международная астрономическая олимпиада
XVIII International Astronomy Olympiad код
Литва, Вильнюс 6 – 14. IX. 2013 Vilnius, Lithuania code
8.
Table C
Moon Pm [h] a_Je a [m] MJ [kg]
1
2
3
MJ_avg [kg] =
Rp/Re =
RJ_avg [km] =
V [m3] =
J [kg/m3] =
FORMULAE
MJ [kg] =
RJ_avg [km] =
Литва, Вильнюс 2013 Vilnius, Lithuania
Fig. 1
654.62 656.28 656.92 659.26 659.39 [nm]
| | | | |
Fig. 2
2011-11-20
21:37:01 UTC
1
Fig. 3
2011-11-20
23:28:36 UTC
1
Fig. 4. Moon-1
RJe = 22.51" 22.57" 22.64" 22.71" 22.75"
2.5
2.0
1.5
Distance from center of Jupiter [arcmin]
1.0
0.5
0.0
-0.5
-1.0
-1.5
-2.0
-2.5
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Time [h]
Fig. 5. Moon-2
RJe = 22.51" 22.57" 22.64" 22.71" 22.75"
4
3
Distance from center of Jupiter [arcmin]
-1
-2
-3
-4
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Time [h]
Fig. 6. Moon-3
RJe = 22.51" 22.57" 22.64" 22.71" 22.75"
6
4
Distance from center of Jupiter [arcmin]
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Time [h]