✅ Cose da Sapere dopo il Modulo 2: Reason &
Consequence
🎯
Module duration: 60 minutes
Goal: Explain causes, reasons, and consequences clearly using advanced linkers and
appropriate grammar. Improve fluency and cohesion in both spoken and written
communication.
🧠 1. Grammar & Structures to Master
📌 Linkers of Cause and Reason
Use: To explain why something happened
Common linkers:
📎
● because, as, since, due to, owing to, because of
Examples:
● “She left early because she wasn’t feeling well.”
● “Due to technical problems, the meeting was postponed.”
📌 Linkers of Consequence
Use: To show results or effects
Common linkers:
📎
● so, therefore, as a result, consequently, thus, hence
Examples:
● “The team missed the deadline, so the client complained.”
● “There was a power cut. As a result, the session was cancelled.”
📌 Complex cause/consequence phrases (useful for writing & formal speech):
● “This led to…”
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● “This was the reason why…”
● “This explains why…”
📎
● “Which meant that…”
Example:
● “They lacked experience, which meant that they couldn’t deliver on time.”
💬 2. Key Vocabulary: Effects & Outcomes
🔹 outcome, consequence, implication, side effect, impact, result, cause, chain reaction
📎 Examples:
● “The new policy had several unexpected consequences.”
● “One implication of the delay is a loss of customer trust.”
🔗 3. Idioms & Phrasal Verbs (Related to Cause & Effect)
🔹 bring about, result in, stem from, spark off, boil down to
📎 Examples:
● “The disagreement stemmed from a misunderstanding.”
● “Her actions brought about major changes in the company.”
Useful idioms:
● “To add fuel to the fire”
● “To face the music”
● “The last straw”
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● “To be the root cause”
🗣 4. Speaking & Writing Production
✍️ Writing Task – Formal Report or Essay
Topic: “What are the main causes of stress at work, and what can be done to reduce it?”
Include:
● Linkers of cause/consequence
● Formal vocabulary (e.g. implications, outcome, as a result, owing to)
● Clear structure: intro, body (causes → effects), conclusion (suggestions)
📎 Sample sentence:
“Stress at work is often the result of long hours and lack of recognition. This can lead to
decreased productivity and even health issues.”
🎙 Speaking Task – Discussion or Monologue (1–2 min)
Prompt: “Describe a decision you made that had long-term consequences. What led to that
decision, and what happened afterwards?”
➡ Use cause-effect linkers, phrasal verbs, idioms, and clear sequencing.
📎 Sample:
“I decided to switch careers last year. This decision stemmed from months of dissatisfaction
in my previous job. As a result, I feel much more motivated now.”
✅ 5. Speaking & Writing Checklist – Can You…?
☐ Use cause linkers (because, due to, owing to) accurately?
☐ Use consequence linkers (so, as a result, therefore) fluently?
☐ Integrate advanced cause-effect phrases (e.g. “which meant that”, “this explains why”)?
☐ Use precise vocabulary to discuss outcomes and effects?
☐ Include phrasal verbs and idioms naturally in your speech/writing?
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📌 Key Skills Strengthened
✔ Explaining reasons and outcomes logically and fluently
✔ Structuring formal and informal arguments clearly
✔ Enhancing cohesion with advanced linking and cause-effect phrasing
💬 Feedback Available!
Submit your written report or record a 1–2 minute response for detailed feedback on:
● Use of linking language
● Clarity and cohesion
● Range of vocabulary and structures
● C1-level appropriacy and tone
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