Question 1.

Give any two examples of each situation where you push or pull to change the state
of motion of the objects.

Answer 1

Examples of situations where you push or pull to change the state of the motion of objects.

The Pull situations are-

i) In order to open a drawer, we will eventually have to pull it. This action results in a change in
the state of motion of the drawer.
ii) To draw water from a well, the rope is pulled by applying force. This action results in a change
in the state of motion of the bucket.
The Push Situations are
i) A football is pushed by the foot of a player. This action results in a change in the state of
motion of the ball.
ii) To move the heavy box from one room to another, we will need to push [Link] action results
in a change in the motion of the box.
Question 2. Give any two examples of situations in which the applied force causes a major
change in the shape of an object.

Answer 2

The forces that change the shape of the object are as follows:

i) By pressing the clay between our hands, it deforms.

ii) The shape of the plastic bottle also changes by squeezing it.
Question 3. An archer stretches her bow while taking aim at a target. She then releases the
arrow, which then begins to move towards the target. Based on the above information, fill in the
gaps in the following statements using these terms.

muscular, contact, noncontact, gravity, friction, shape, and attraction

(i) The Archer applies force to stretch the bow. This force causes a change in its __________.

(ii) The Archer applies force to stretch the bow. The force applied is an example of __________
force.

(iii) The type of force that is responsible for a change in the state of the arrow’s motion is an
example of a __________ force.

(iv) While the arrow moves towards its target, the forces acting on it result from __________ and
from __________ of air.
Answer 3

(i)The Archer applies a force to stretch the bow. This force causes a change in its shape.

(ii)The Archer applies a force to stretch the bow. The force applied is an example of muscular
force.

(iii) The type of force that is responsible for a change in the state of the motion of the arrow is an
example of the contact force.

(iv) While the arrow moves towards its intended target, the forces acting on it result from gravity
and from the friction of the air.

Question 4. In the following situations, identify the agent that exerts the force and the object on
which it acts. Also, state the effect of the force in each case.

(i) Squeezing a lemon between your fingers to extract lemon juice

(ii) Taking out paste from a toothpaste tube.

(iii) A load that is suspended from a spring while its other end is attached to a hook fixed to a
wall.

(iv) An athlete making a high jump to clear the bar at a certain height

Answer 4

i) We use muscular force to extract the juice of a lemon by squeezing it between the fingers. As
a result, the shape of the lemon changes.
ii) To take out the paste from the toothpaste tube, we use muscular force. This muscular force
acts on the toothpaste tube, leading to a change in its shape.
iii) Here, the suspended load exerts a force on the spring, which results in pushing the spring
downwards. As a result, the spring gets stretched. Hence, its shape changes.

iv) The feet of the athlete exert a muscular force on the ground, which then pushes the ground.
This force then allows him to jump over the bar. As a result, the state of motion gets changed.
Question 5. While making a tool, a blacksmith hammers the tool with a hot piece of iron. How
does the force involved in the hammering affect this piece of iron?

Answer 5

When hammering a hot piece of iron, a blacksmith uses muscular force. This muscular force
results in the changing of the shape of the hot iron so that it can result in the desired shape.
Question 6. An inflated balloon is pressed against the wall after being rubbed with a piece of
synthetic cloth. It was found that after rubbing the balloon, it stuck to the wall. What force is
responsible for the attraction that is between the balloon and the wall?

Answer 6

When an inflated balloon is rubbed together with a piece of synthetic cloth, the balloon becomes
charged. And a charged body always attracts an uncharged body. So, when this charged
balloon is pressed against a wall, it sticks to the wall. Thus, an electrostatic force is generated
that acts between the charged balloon and the wall.

Question 7. Name the forces that act on a plastic bucket containing water that is held above
ground level in your hand. Also, discuss why these forces acting on the bucket do not bring
about a change in its state of motion.

Answer 7-

To hold these buckets of water above the ground, we have to use muscular force. Now, this
muscular force acts against the force of gravity (gravitational force) that pulls the bucket towards
the ground. Hence, the two forces are equal in magnitude but opposite in direction. Hence, the
net force applied to the bucket is zero. Also, there is no change in the state of motion.

Question 8. . A rocket has been fired upwards in the sky to launch a satellite in its orbit. Name
the two forces that act on the rocket immediately after it leaves the launching pad.

Answer 8

The force of gravity (gravitational force) is one of the forces that act on the rocket, and it tries to
pull it towards the ground, while the other one is the force of friction applied due to the earth’s
atmosphere, which opposes its motion.

Question 9. When we press the bulb of the dropper with its nozzle, which is kept in the water,
the air present in the dropper is seen to escape in the form of water bubbles. And once we
release the pressure on the bulb of the dropper, water gets filled in the dropper. This rise in
dropper water is caused by

(i) the pressure of water.

(ii) gravity of the earth.

(iii) shape of a rubber bulb.

(iv) Atmospheric Pressure

Answer 9

Option iv is the right answer.

Explanation- The amount of water in the dropper increases due to atmospheric pressure.

When all the air escapes from the dropper’s nozzle by applying pressure, the atmospheric
pressure then acts on the water forces the water in an upward direction and fills the nozzle of
the dropper.

Question 10. During the dry weather, while combing our hair, we sometimes experience hair
flying apart. The force responsible for this is

(i) force of gravity.

(ii) electrostatic force.

(iii) the force of friction.

(iv) magnetic force.

Answer 10

The correct answer is (ii) electrostatic force.

Explanation:

On combing our hair, the comb and hair get oppositely charged due to electrostatic force.

Question 11. Two objects repel each other. This force of repulsion could be due to

(i) frictional force only

(ii) electrostatic force only

(iii) magnetic force only

(iv) either a magnetic or an electrostatic force

Answer 11

The correct answer is option (iv), either a magnetic force or an electrostatic force.
Explanation: when two objects are simultaneously experiencing repulsive force, this can be
because there may be a presence of an electrostatic force or a magnetic force.

Question 12. Which one of the following forces is a contact force?

(i) force of gravity

(ii) force of friction

(iii) magnetic force

(iv) electrostatic force

Answer 12

The correct answer is (ii) the force of friction.

Explanation:

The force of attraction acts only when these bodies are in contact with each other.

Question 13. Two persons are applying forces to the two opposite sides of a moving cart. The
cart still moves after applying the force, with the same speed and in the same direction. What do
you understand from the above case about the magnitudes and directions of the forces applied?

Answer 13

The force applied is of equal magnitude in the opposite directions; hence, the cart moves
forward at the same speed in the same direction.

Question 14. Two thermocouple balls are held close to each other, and after some time, When
they are released, they move away from each other. Name the force that will be responsible for
the above phenomenon. Explain it in brief.

Answer 14

Two thermocouple balls are held close to each other, and after some time, when they are
released, they move away from each other because of the electrostatic force. The balls having
similar charges move away due to the repulsion force acting between similar charges.

Question 15. An archer horizontally shoots an arrow in the air. However, after flying some
distance, the arrow falls to the surface. Name the initial force that acted and set the arrow in
motion. Also, explain why the arrow falls down.
Answer 15

The Archer uses muscular force to stretch the string. This muscular force will change the shape
of the arrow. When the string that released the arrow regains its original position, the original
position is the one that gives ip