HISTORICAL ANTECENDENTS IN THE Greek Civilization
COURSE OF SCIENCE AND • In-depth works on Philosophy and
TECHNOLOGY Mathematics
Inventions:
• Coliseum
Ancient Times
• Olympics
Sumerian Civilization • Alarm clock
Inventions: • Water mill
• Cuneiform
- First writing system
• Plowing Roman Empire
• Dikes • Strongest political and social entity in
• Irrigation the West.
• Wheels • Cradle of politics and governance
• Mode of transportation was through
waterways Inventions:
• Developed the first road • Newspaper
❖ Mesopotamia (Iraq) • Bound books or codex
• Churches
Babylonian Civilization • Basilicas
Inventions: • Aqueducts
• Emerged near Tigris and Euphrates • Coliseums
River • Amphitheaters
• Hanging Garden of Babylon • Residential houses
- Built by King Nebuchadnezzar for his • Roman Numeral System
wife, Amyitis. - Number system
• Code of Hammurabi
“An eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth”
Chinese Civilization
• Oldest civilization in Asia
Egyptian Civilization
Inventions: Inventions:
• Death mask of Tutankhamen • Silk trade
• Pyramid of Giza • Tea production
• Water clock/ clepsydra • Gun powder
• Paper/papyrus • Great Wall of China
• Ink
• Hieroglyphics
- System of writing MIDDLE AGES
• Cosmetics
• Wigs • Marred by massive invasions and
- Worn by wealthy Egyptians to protect migrations.
the shave of the heads from harmful • Wars are prevalent.
rays of the sun. • It is also known as the “Age of
Exploration”
Inventions:
• Printing press
- Invented by Johann Gutenberg
• Microscope 1. Model of the Solar System
- Invented by Zacharias Janssen (first Center of the universe
compound microscope, Circa 1595) ▪ Geo-centric Model
• Cross bows ⇾ Earth-centered
• Long bows ➢ The planet as well as the
• Chainmail sun and moon, moved in
circular motion around the
Earth.
MODERN TIMES ➢ Introduced by Cladius
• The booming world population during the Ptolemy
19th century onwards demanded that ➢ It lasted for 1,400 years
more goods be produced at faster rate.
▪ Helio-centric Model
Inventions: ⇾ Sun-centered
• Pasteurization ⇾ Introduced by Nicolaus
- Invented by Louis Pasteur Copernicus
⇾ French biologist ᴥ The man who moved
⇾ Microbiologist the Earth
⇾ Chemist ᴥ “On the Revolutions of
- The process of heating dairy products the Heavenly
to kill harmful bacteria that allow them Spheres”, the book that
to spoil faster. Copernicus published.
• Molecular
asymmetry Louis
2. Evolution of Human Being
• Fermentation Pasteur
Theory of Evolution by Natural
• Vaccination Selection
• Development of kerosene and petroleum ▪ Individual organisms within a
refinery industry particular species show a
• Telephone wide range of variation for a
- Invented by Alexander Graham Bell characteristic, individuals
- 1876 with characteristics most
• Modern calculator suited to the environment are
more likely to survive to
breed successfully; and the
characteristics that have
INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTION THAT enabled these individuals to
DEFINED THE SOCIETY survive are then passed on to
the next generation.
• A period where paradigm shifts occurred
• War of great thinkers ▪ Theory of Charles Darwin
• It’s where scientific beliefs that have ⇾ English naturalist
been accepted and embraced were ⇾ Studied variation of plants,
challenged and opposed. animals, and fossils during
• In ancient times, Earth was the center of a 5-year voyage.
the universe. ⇾ He didn’t publish his
• Human beings were created through scientific work and ideas
“Divine Creation” until 28 years after his
voyage.
⇾ Published a book entitled
“On the Origin of Species”
in 1859.
3. Psychoanalysis
• The study of human behavior
• Psychology is a philosophy
- Logical reasoning
• Revolutionary theory of
psychoanalysis (clinical method)
- Theory of Sigmund Freud
3 Conflicting Elements
1. Id
- Primitive and instinctive
component of your personality.
2. Ego
- Reality or mediator between id
and superego.
3. Superego
- Moral conscience