Experiment 1 Lab Manual
AMERICAN INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY-BANGLADESH (AIUB)
Faculty of Engineering
Bachelor of Science in Industrial and Production Engineering (IPE)
ME 1102: Engineering Drawing
Experiment # 01: Introduction to pictorial drawing, and instruments used in engineering
drawing.
Objective: To provide an overview of historical importance of engineering drawing and the
necessities of pictorial drawing in the arena of modern engineering. To familiarize the students with
the instruments used for engineering drawing.
Description: Engineering drawings are used to communicate design ideas and technical information to
engineers and other professionals throughout the design process. An engineering drawing represents a
complex three-dimensional object on a two-dimensional piece of paper or computer screen by a process
called projection. There are several types of projections which are drawn using a number of different
drawing instruments.
What is Engineering Drawing?
An engineering drawing is a subcategory of technical drawings that show the shape, structure,
dimensions, tolerances, accuracy and other requirements needed to manufacture a product or part.
Engineering drawings are also known as mechanical drawings, manufacturing blueprints and
drawings. An engineering drawing helps to define the requirements of an engineering part and
conveys the design concept.
The Engineer distributes these drawings to a manufacturing department to produce the parts, to an
assembly department to put the parts together, then to any vendors, archives or other company
departments. The drawings can include an item or system's geometry, dimensions, tolerances,
functions, finish, hardware and material.
DOs and DON’Ts
DOs
1. Work deliberately and carefully.
2. Keep your work area clean.
3. Students must wear student ID card.
4. Students must have their own pencil, eraser, scale, along with pen and lab note book.
6. Handle the equipment /models carefully.
DON’Ts
1. Do not wander around the room, distract other students, startle other students or interfere
with the laboratory experiments of others.
2. Do not eat food, drink beverages or chew gum in the laboratory.
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Experiment 1 Lab Manual
Guidelines To Students For Report/Drawing Preparation
1. All students are required to maintain a record of the experiments conducted by them.
2. Student’s Name, roll number and date of conduction of experiment must be written on all
the drawing pages.
Note:
1. Students must bring their lab record along with them whenever they come for the lab.
2. Students must ensure that their lab record is regularly evaluated.
History of Engineering Drawing
Technical drawing has existed since ancient times. Complex technical drawings were made in
renaissance times, such as the drawings of Leonardo da Vinci. Modern engineering drawing, with
its precise conventions of orthographic projection and scale, arose in France at a time when the
Industrial Revolution was in its infancy. L. T. C. Rolt's biography of Isambard Kingdom Brunel says
of his father, Marc Isambard Brunel, that "It seems fairly certain that Marc's drawings of his block-
making machinery (in 1799) made a contribution to British engineering technique much greater than
the machines they represented. For it is safe to assume that he had mastered the art of presenting
three-dimensional objects in a two-dimensional plane which we now call mechanical drawing. It had
been evolved by Gaspard Monge of Mezieres in 1765 but had remained a military secret until 1794
and was therefore unknown in England.
For centuries, until the 1970s, all engineering drawing was done manually by using pencil and pen
on paper or other substrate (e.g., vellum, mylar). Since the advent of computer-aided design (CAD),
engineering drawing has been done more and more in the electronic medium with each passing
decade. Today most engineering drawing is done with CAD, but pencil and paper still play important
roles for fundamental understanding and comprehensive sketching.
The objective needs to communicate
© Dept. of IPE, Faculty of Engineering, American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB) 2
Experiment 1 Lab Manual
Artistic drawing and technical drawing:
The fundamental difference?
Artistic Drawing Do you see any
problem?
Mechanical/Technical Drawing
Graphic Language and Design
Why graphics is necessary?
- To communicate information that would not be possible to exchange in writing.
Why not use pictures to communicate visual information?
- Usually, a drawing represents something that exists just at conceptual level.
Why not use pictorial representation?
- The information contained in a drawing must be used to build an accurate
components/system.
What is Drawing?
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Experiment 1 Lab Manual
- Drawing is a graphic representation of a real thing, an idea, or a proposed design.
Why graphic representation?
- The graphic method of presentation is a basic natural form of communication of ideas that is
universal and timeless.
- It is impossible to explain things through text.
How hard is it to define them in words?
• Graphics language is universal.
• The information can be conveyed regardless the
Instruments:
The most common types of drafting instruments are as follows:
• Drawing board/Table
• Drawing sheet/paper
• T-scale
• Set-square/triangles
• Compass and divider
• Protractor
• Pencils
• Eraser,
• Sharpener
• Adhesive Tape
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Experiment 1 Lab Manual
Eraser
T- square
Set- squares
Compass and divider
Adhesive Tape
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Experiment 1 Lab Manual
Size of Drawing papers
Drawing papers may vary in sizes depending on the type of designing required. Following table
represents some of the standard metric paper sizes.
Table: Standard Metric Paper Size
Paper Size Border Size (mm) Overall Paper Size (mm)
A0 821 x 1159 841 x 1189
A1 574 x 811 594 x 841
A2 400 x 564 420 x 594
A3 277 x 390 297 x 420
A4 190 x 267 210 x 297
Types of Lines
Different types are used in the engineering drawing depending on the applications. Following arethe
types of lines which are used in common practices. Different types of pencils or leads are to be used
while drawing different types of lines.
• Visible line/Object line: To indicate all visible outlines of an object, it shows the shape of
an object.
• Hidden line/Dashed line: To represent the hidden edge of an object.
• Center lines: To show the center lines of holes, pitch line.
• Extension line, dimension line and Leaders: To show the dimension of an object extension
line, dimension line and leaders are used.
• Section lines: To indicate the cut portion of an object.
• Cutting plane line: To show the imaginary cutting of an object.
© Dept. of IPE, Faculty of Engineering, American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB) 6
Experiment 1 Lab Manual
Line type example.
Scale of drawings
Scale is the ratio of the linear dimension of an element of a machines part as represented in the
original drawing to the real linear dimension of the same element of the machine part itself. The
scale of drawings are of three categories.
a) Full size,
b) Enlargement scale and
c) Reduction scale.
Dimensioning
To manufacture a part, dimensioning plays a vital role. Engineering drawing without dimensioningis
valueless. Dimensioning is essential in manufacturing a product with precision. Dimension are
indicated on the drawings by arrowheads, extension line, dimension lines, leaders, figures, notes,
symbols etc. to define the geometric characteristics such as, length, diameters, angles, locations etc.
Example of dimensioning
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Experiment 1 Lab Manual
Dimensioning guidelines:
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Experiment 1 Lab Manual
Circular dimensioning:
Grouping dimensions:
Dimensions should always be placed outside the part.
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Experiment 1 Lab Manual
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Experiment 1 Lab Manual
Dimensioning mistakes:
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