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NEET Biomolecules Study Notes

The document provides short notes on biomolecules, covering carbohydrates, proteins, enzymes, nucleic acids, and lipids. It outlines their compositions, structures, functions, and key characteristics, such as the types of carbohydrates and the role of enzymes as biological catalysts. Each biomolecule is described in terms of its importance in biological systems, including energy storage and genetic information transfer.

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13 views1 page

NEET Biomolecules Study Notes

The document provides short notes on biomolecules, covering carbohydrates, proteins, enzymes, nucleic acids, and lipids. It outlines their compositions, structures, functions, and key characteristics, such as the types of carbohydrates and the role of enzymes as biological catalysts. Each biomolecule is described in terms of its importance in biological systems, including energy storage and genetic information transfer.

Uploaded by

lavishbaisla88
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Biomolecules - NEET Short Notes

1. Carbohydrates

- Composed of C, H, O in the ratio [Link]

- Types: Monosaccharides (glucose, fructose), Disaccharides (sucrose, maltose), Polysaccharides (starch, glycogen

- Glycosidic bond: linkage between sugar units

- Starch (plants), Glycogen (animals), Cellulose (structural polysaccharide in plants)

2. Proteins

- Polymers of amino acids linked by peptide bonds

- Structures: Primary, Secondary (alpha-helix/beta-sheet), Tertiary, Quaternary

- Functions: Enzymes, structural, transport, defense (antibodies)

3. Enzymes

- Biological catalysts (mostly proteins)

- Specific to substrate (lock and key, induced fit models)

- Factors affecting activity: pH, temperature, substrate concentration

- Have active sites; may need cofactors/coenzymes

4. Nucleic Acids

- DNA and RNA are polymers of nucleotides

- Components: nitrogenous base (A, T/U, G, C), pentose sugar, phosphate

- DNA: double-stranded, A-T & G-C | RNA: single-stranded, A-U & G-C

- Function: Store and transfer genetic information

5. Lipids

- Non-polar molecules (fats, oils, steroids, phospholipids)

- Energy storage, insulation, cell membrane structure

- Triglycerides: glycerol + 3 fatty acids

- Phospholipids: major part of cell membrane

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