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Mold Growth Rate Calculation

The document discusses applications of first-order differential equations, including scenarios involving the growth of bacteria, mold, yeast, and population dynamics, as well as radioactive decay. It presents problems requiring the formulation of expressions for growth and decay rates and the calculation of future quantities. Additionally, it introduces second-order linear homogeneous differential equations with specific examples for further analysis.

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Gilmark Repulda
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100% found this document useful (1 vote)
68 views1 page

Mold Growth Rate Calculation

The document discusses applications of first-order differential equations, including scenarios involving the growth of bacteria, mold, yeast, and population dynamics, as well as radioactive decay. It presents problems requiring the formulation of expressions for growth and decay rates and the calculation of future quantities. Additionally, it introduces second-order linear homogeneous differential equations with specific examples for further analysis.

Uploaded by

Gilmark Repulda
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Part I: APPLICATIONS OF FIRST-ORDER DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

1. Bacteria grow in a nutrient solution at a rate proportional to the


amount present. Initially, there are 250 strands of the bacteria in
the solution which grows to 800 strands after seven hours. Find (𝑎) an
expression for the approximate number of strands in the culture at
any time 𝑡 and (𝑏) the time needed for the bacteria to grow to 1600
strands.

2. A mold grows at a rate proportional to its present size. Initially


there is 2oz of this mold, and two days later there is 3oz. Find (𝑎)
how much mold was present after one day and (𝑏) how much mold will be
present in ten days.

3. A yeast grows at a rate proportional to its present size. If the


original amount doubles in two hours, in how many hours will it
triple?

4. The population of a certain country has grown at a rate proportional


to the number of people in the country. A present, the country has 80
million inhabitants. Ten years ago it had 70 million. Assuming that
this trend continues, find (𝑎) an expression for the approximate
number of people living in the country at any time 𝑡 (𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡 =
0 𝑡𝑜 𝑏𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒) and (𝑏) the approximate number of people who will
inhabit the country at the end of the next ten-year period.

5. A certain radioactive material is known to decay at a rate


proportional to the amount present. If initially there are 100
milligrams of the material present and if after two years it is
observed that 5 percent of the original mass has decayed, find (𝑎) an
expression for the mass at any time 𝑡 and (𝑏) the time necessary for
10 percent of the original mass to decayed.

Part II: Second-Order Linear Homogeneous Differential Equations

1. 𝑦 ′′ − 𝑦 = 0

𝑑2 𝑄 𝑑𝑄
2. − 7 𝑑𝑡 + 5𝑄 = 0
𝑑𝑡 2

𝑑2 𝑅 𝑑𝑅
3. + 5 𝑑𝜃 = 0
𝑑𝜃2

𝑑2 𝑇 𝑑𝑇
4. + 30 𝑑𝜃 + 225𝑇 = 0
𝑑𝜃2

Common questions

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The bacterial growth can be modeled using the equation N(t) = N_0 * e^(kt), where N(t) is the number of bacteria at time t, N_0 is the initial number of bacteria, and k is the growth constant. Given N_0 = 250 and N(t=7) = 800, we can calculate k using 800 = 250 * e^(7k). Solving for k gives k ≈ 0.154. Therefore, the expression for the approximate number of strands in the culture at any time t is N(t) = 250 * e^(0.154t).

The general solution is y'' + ay' + by = 0. Solutions depend on characteristic equations derived from specific coefficients. For y'' - y = 0, solve characteristic equation m^2 - 1 = 0, giving m = ±1, leading to y(t) = C1e^t + C2e^(-t). For provided equations, similar methods find distinct solutions based on characteristic roots .

Mold growth is modeled by M(t) = M_0 * e^(kt). Initially 2oz and 3oz after two days provides M(t=2) = 3 = 2 * e^(2k), solving gives k = ln(1.5)/2. One day later, M(t=1) = 2 * e^(ln(1.5)/2) ≈ 2.449oz. After ten days, M(t=10) = 2 * e^(10*ln(1.5)/2) ≈ 9.904oz .

Use N(t) = N_0 * e^(kt) for growth proportional to current amount. Given initial 250 strands, reaching 800 strands in 7 hours finds k via 800 = 250 * e^(7k), resulting in k ≈ 0.154. Solving for N(t) =1600, find t using 1600 = 250 * e^(0.154t), giving t ≈ 14.7 hours .

The growth of yeast can be modeled using N(t) = N_0 * e^(kt). Given that it doubles in 2 hours, N(t=2) = 2N_0 = N_0 * e^(2k), solving for k gives k = ln(2)/2. For it to triple, N(t) = 3N_0, leading to 3N_0 = N_0 * e^(kt) -> t = ln(3)/(ln(2)/2) ≈ 3.17 hours .

The population growth can be modeled using P(t) = P_0 * e^(kt), where P(t) is the population at time t, P_0 is the initial population, and k is the growth rate. With P_0 = 70 million (ten years ago) and current population P(t=10) = 80 million, use 80 = 70 * e^(10k) to find k ≈ 0.0135. Therefore, P(t) = 70 * e^(0.0135t) models the population at any time t. In the next ten-year period, P(t=20) = 70 * e^(0.0135*20) ≈ 91.3 million .

Use N(t) = N_0 * e^(kt), where N(t) is yeast amount at time t. From doubling in 2 hours, N(t=2) = 2N_0 = N_0 * e^(2k), solving yields k = ln(2)/2. To triple, solve 3 = e^(kt), with k from earlier, providing t = ln(3)/(ln(2)/2) ≈ 3.17 hours .

The expression is M(t) = M_0 * e^(-kt). Initial data suggests 5% decay over 2 years predicting k = ln(0.95)/2 ≈ -0.0253. For 10% decay, solve M(t) = 90 = 100 * e^(-0.0253t) to find t ≈ 4.05 years .

The decay can be modeled by M(t) = M_0 * e^(-kt), where M(t) is the mass at time t, M_0 is the initial mass, and k is the decay constant. Given M_0 = 100 mg and a 5% decay in 2 years, M(t=2) = 95 = 100 * e^(-2k) results in k ≈ 0.0253. Thus, M(t) = 100 * e^(-0.0253t) gives the mass at any time t. To find the time when 10% has decayed, solve 90 = 100 * e^(-0.0253t), giving t ≈ 4.05 years .

The differential equation is dM/dt = -kM, where M is the mass and k is the decay constant. Integrating this yields M(t) = M_0 * e^(-kt). Given initial data, solving for k enables predictions for decay times. For instance, using 5% decay in 2 years gives k ≈ 0.0253. To find the time for 10% decay, solve 90 = 100 * e^(-0.0253t) to find t ≈ 4.05 years .

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