CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES RISK FACTORS CLINICAL MANAGEMENT PREVENTIVE MEDICATIONS

1. HYPERTENSION Non-Modifiable: Lifestyle Modifications ✓ ACE INHIBITORS

A medical condition characterized by persistently elevated ✓ Age ✓ Diet (DASH diet) For Renal Protection
blood pressure levels (systolic blood pressure (SBP) of 130 ✓ Genetics ✓ Exercise at least 150 minutes per week (moderate to high
mmHg or higher, or a diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of 80 mmHg ✓ Family history intensity)
or higher) ✓ Race (higher prevalence in African populations) ✓ Gradual weight loss maintaining a normal BMI
Modifiable:
✓ High sodium intake Pharmacological
✓ Obesity ✓ Calcium Channel Blockers
✓ Smoking
✓ Alcohol consumption
✓ Sedentary lifestyle (Less than 150 minutes of
moderate-intensity or 75 minutes of vigorous-
intensity physical activity per week)
2. CARDIAC ARREST Non-Modifiable: Immediate and Post Resuscitation Care ✓ Beta-blockers to reduce
Heart abruptly stops beating effectively caused by an electrical ✓ Age ✓ CPR arrhythmia risk.
malfunction in the heart, leading to the cessation of blood flow ✓ Gender (Male) ✓ Coronary Angio (if MI was suspected
to the brain and other vital organs ✓ Family history ✓ Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator ✓ ACE inhibitors/ARBs for
Modifiable: heart failure prevention.
✓ Coronary Artery Disease
✓ Hypertension ✓ Antiarrhythmics
✓ Obesity
✓ Smoking
3. STROKE Non-Modifiable: Emergency Management ✓ Antihypertensives (e.g.,
Occurs when the blood supply to a part of the brain is interrupted ✓ Age ✓ Ischemic Stroke: ACE inhibitors, ARBs).
or reduced, preventing brain tissue from receiving oxygen and ✓ Prior Stroke History o Administer tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) (if eligible). ✓ Antiplatelets (e.g., aspirin,
nutrients. This leads to brain cell damage or death within ✓ Hemorrhagic Stroke: clopidogrel)
minutes. Modifiable: o Manage blood pressure ✓ Anticoagulants
✓ Hypertension o Surgical intervention for aneurysms or hematoma evacuation ✓ Lipid-lowering agents (e.g.,
✓ Diabetes statins)
✓ Obesity Secondary Prevention:
✓ Smoking • Antiplatelet therapy (e.g., aspirin, clopidogrel)
✓ High Cholesterol (Dyslipidemia) • Statins (e.g., atorvastatin) for cholesterol management
• Blood pressure control with ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, or
calcium channel blockers
• Diabetes and lifestyle management