|Page No.
Date
200
METALS AND
NONAMETALSD
etala Metalh ane cde merts Luhich oym canon
po es ceptakudrogen) bylosiog electyons
Ex Ha, ,ee
aNon meBals : he elementstahich orm antsn by A
Cain ing the electYons axeacalle non-metas
JEx CQ,BrNete
Metalloids:he elementshich bebav e iKemeal
a wel asnon metala aye called me alloic
Ex: Si (silicon) As (asenic) etc
etc.
Ahysica propertes ad metds
he6) Mall eclit : DYawn a meta iato hin sheers is
called
nallegbliy
-Dsaun a metzda io hin wixeA is called
aehaio nductihihyGnald is the most duhle meal4am
aod ehn be dncisanintoXm dong Live
Ga)Hetals anc qood conduchos al heat ond eecidty
Silven is the best conductx a heat and elec hatity
Page No.
Date
l ustaouS. Mehl ae generoly
Juhraushey have hins
DDensshy Hetals have hiah dnsty
Metals ase geheYally hard
Excepion
and Can
Na andK at netal but hey ar e sof
be cut eauily wih a Knife
(vn) Meta, ase olid at yoom empexature qagu
Gxcephson: Hg (Hexcuxu)
x o l u is'o
y e ametel which is li¡uâd.
tenle 9o:2ahi
ol2bixootanw2
buit) MetalA have high mebity ponts opd bailing boints.
[Link] andcka exe'are1).
() Metals are sarOUA : Metala produce Jound when they
Oo oxe beaten ith hardsobiËect
Phgsica píoee, a non -nedala
G) Non- metal, ore nethex malealgle noY dutile
G) Non- meBada dohot tondue electricib (exte pt qraphile)
ijNon-metala ahe not Jut oh (excepdine)
geneyally o . (xcept diamad)
iNon- metcls ae generaly
IVNoN-metala ma
empesatue.
háve Jawdenitte.
ut) Non-mefas ahe non-SonoYOUA
Page No.
Date
Chemical aYope Hies melkals
G Buming af meafs
Aeaing af Cu
2Cu lat
Cofer Oxygén cupric oxidey
mphsteic oxides: he meta oxices which sho) boh
acidic and basic behaviaux SUch meta axides
Lcalled amghoBe xic oxidec Such metc oxidles xeact
both loith 'acid and base toJom sab and wadeh
EAl, Oz Z0
( A,0460 t 2NaDHlag Nafl,(aq)+ Hyp)
Soliumaluminaté
x Some metal axicde Auch ax Nago and K,0 when
dissalye in oder, they orm akalis.
Na,o (c)+ H,p() 2NaoH a9)
sodium hydvoxidel
Baisium hydvoride
Page No.
Date
Atnodisig : Hluminivm develops thick oxide Jayen hen
eKposedto aix his almin ium oxide laue malec
tkesisarh to aths corYosi onhis is caed
Reachin o metauitth luatey: A metadh do not
andsig
yeact th wotes but some metal roduce metaJ
ade and H ga.
Hetal uch as Na and kireoctviolently th
cold seches ond the yeachions exohexmic
G)2Ks) +2H,0(4)
(io) 2No (s) +2H,b9
he yeáchon a Calcium wih wate is lein xiolend, the
heat cuolwed is Onot slicient tor te hydrogen to cotch
ive
ubot calcium1bixo
hydraxtdeb
Metal ike A, Fe andZn do ost yeact wit cold and
hot oates but they react ith steam
Aluminiumi9d
2
Tron (T, r)xide
(Ferro -fexic. oxide)
Cuge No
Date
Reochiamcmetalh aith acid
Moteimhydnchoric acic
Ciln2ALst
Aluminium hydaochbicaid Aluminum charidé Hudgeng
(i)Zals)t 2HeQ (dil)
Zinc i Hydracharic acit Zinc chlaide
Gron hucochoxc aicl festbus chloride hydagang
why the hydroen aCà (H,) is noot eyolvedwhe
metaled tit nibxic
niticacid
acido nsd
Nitic acid. (HNO&) sasty oxidiing agent
Cxidiser the H hroauced to ates ándtself qets
xeduced toony a the nitrogen oxi [Link],8, No, Na,1.
Hqua. xegia : T is a heshu pxepared mixtuse a
Cokceabtded hudzochloxic hudand concentrate nihi
acicinhe satio 31
*Reacivthy Jehiey Ttsa dist a meta coacanges
in he atcxeatlig ovden a thetr athvihe,
Puge N.
Date
Potassium K
Sodium Na.
Calcium Ca
Hagnesum
Aluminium A
Zin c
Irom ZoDDecxeOA0NH Odén
Tin Sn
Lead Pb
Hydrogen
Co ppen Cu
Hexcg
Silven
H9
Gald
Lonic compounds or elecovalent cam poun ds
he compouncb which ane or med by the franste al
elecyau ahe calledimic compaund or elecrovalet
(ompound
Foxmaion a Nacs
=2,8, -2,B,9
Na - l e ’ NGt
Page No.
Date
+ .CA:
foamahon
24
Mall
35
e = 12
a2,,2
k L M
* Bropertes d ionic compauncs
APhysica nahye:Jonic Compound_ are solids
ate sonmewhat haYd beccuse a
soong Joxce
ond
otxocion betueen he positive lon3 a
ionsThese compounds are ene xay dnd netohve
(a) Meltina and bolling psinks : bitie
arhic comp suhds have hian
Compsuhds
melhixd ond boilng poins,hecause shrang inten-icni4
atthackon.
he Nx
hate
Salubikhy Elecoyaent co mFau nds heveehi aC
Adluble iR eales and insduble in salvents Such a
ac Kexesene peyal ,ete
( Conduchon a decticthy Ianis compounds in Hhe
salid state d noticorouct electrtcihs betause in the
salid state moyementd isns isbin possible due te
heir xigid shuchune Tanic can psund s conduct
eletic fe inthe molten statebecause movement
aions Ois possile
x naturalls
Minesale he derments oxcormpoundsuhich ocu
in the earth's CIust axe Kno lwn ca minsrcs.
Oye. Mineyal containing & vexy hiqh peYcentage, a
a panticuay meto hich Can be exttaced oofita
onh it is [Link] t
Extsachion a metalk
Melals a high Techviby Melals at the apcanct
ve Neaciyity settes such as k, Na, (a, ete
e. exhaceby the dechalksis.
Page No.
Date
Ecbraching. meBals law in the acthrihy series
()Cinnabax (HeS) Eis an oye a meXCUN
hect
2H¡S t 302 2Hoot 2s0
heat 2Ha t i
2Hg oxide
Hexcufe Hexcury
) Exhaction c capper rom coppex glonce CCugo
heat
2Cug S t 302 2Cu,0 +2S0,
heat
2Cu,OtCuzS
Exhactig metals in Hhe middleal he achui
SexiesO
[Link] the sulghtdeis heakedl stanaly
the prsente a akugen
in
the sulphide oe
Canvetel into itosTes ponding oxide His
is oalled xoastin4
2Z6S 30 neat
hea
Znc sulpnide oxyee Zinc oxide Alphux
sdioxide
Zinc oXi de Caxhon Casnban
monoicde
Date
Calinotian hen the coxbonate Oxes are heatea
shronglyin he gbsence aXugen oY Jimitd
Oxyqenthe arbonate ore is coneyed intots
citeponding xidehis is called cakcivation.
heat
Zacog
Reactionad gan ese dioxide uih aJumintum
3Mnoh (s) +HAAGY 3Mn C)+2Al,04 (s
Hanganese Aluminju Mangange Aluminiu
dtoxidepazee OXide
is ekothesmic eoctionhe obave yeachn is
xedoxreachon also.
thex mit reacion he Yeachian a iron (T) oxide
with aluminjum is Used tojbin oilway troacks
machine posts his xeactio is Knouwn
or cracked machine
thexmit Yea tion.
Fel) t AL,0s) heat
Jron (r) oxide Hluminium Tyon Aluminiung
xide
Exha ction a sodium, me tod : Sodium ometais
ele ctzdst)
extxacted bå he eletoluic reduchon (oCUTYent
a molten Sodtum chleride hen electric it decompsses
sotiom,chlovide
possed tx Digh moen Metat and chloxing qas
to om soiom olysis 2Na),t chlonine ga
g
2Naca Sodium metal
Sodium chloxide
Page No.
Date
AL cothocde: 2Nat Z e 2 N a
Sodium oneta
A anode 24 2ec
chloride chlorine
j ons
dEleckxoluhc xehintng oh coppex he appaxahu
consists al an electxolic tunk containing.
acidifielcoppex Sulphese soluhion..os elech
Ccoppen sulphate soluhon is acidifie with dil
Suphuxic acid ). AHhick bláck oiMpuxe netal
is made ancoe anda
thìnsip b puxecópex
metal is made cothode. Gn oassin cuyent h
the electxolute puye metal om the elecs
is,deposiled o thecathode Salutble, îm puxije da
into he soluionAnsoluble impuihes scte o
at he bottonn a he anode axe Knons anode m
Catucd
(K)at Ano cle Thick i m p u b e
eppe,meat
2+
toppenlplake
bsolebuke
Page No,
Data
*CoxxOsion; hene eating up a metols by he
aixmoistuxe oY Q U-hetna (such a
acion a
Ati Aace is calle&co0S an aid) on
Rusting :Co mosion o ivan is caled rutig.
Rust (Fe,o0gtHy D
Prevention ot cor osion he yusting a i'xon can
be phevernteb ainthngbiling teasing. qal
chrme plahing , nodistng ox ekirg aloys eke
Aloys HMous axe he homogene ous. mixtue a
tuo Y moxe han two metal oY meta an
non-metal.
Ex:- Bxass, seet ronze , etei
Q Whais he SIunit af purity ot gald
AnsCaat
a What clo you understand by22 cayat qod
Anst means that 72 ports dt puze qold is
all oyed with 2 pats a cithexucopfer or siluer.
|Page No.
Dete
1Exexaises
a which the fallouing oispateroen!
CN2 Lwhich o theolouing
Q3An elementxeacts is likely to be
Q4foc canu atne not zinc becauxe
(5 You 'e qivena ummeY
And By hamn ey le talle the gien samplea
ron -metal,plae hena an a mea ant
khem with a haphey tusn by blockan s bea
which cha nge int thin sheetstuxn. he sample
asa metal and ahd
who by o cn
beaing art non-metla
By batey: lake a batey a torch bulb
hoden [oe wiYes with Jcocodilenclips ital ina
Suswitch and connect the mto mcke an eletic anda
Jaes the qiven samplex betucen he kee erdu a theccút
casle
e Sample uwhich ollous the'cosent
pas aouit maKin the bulb to ight up is metal and ha
which a n a aon-bne tc
ha malecle. thyu c¥n be beaken to
oxa hin Shectso Cotbying out vohiau
prscasea
Wed Bov mdking elechC wire
ge No.
Date
obo 0 ampholeaic Gxrdu ) Give hwstyam ple
Aw:Done
Name tùO metal wnjch oil ast
Anu:Hetal, which il dipace hydhogen py dluk acid aou Na
AAnade: A thicklate aa imuye metal M dectnlyk
Cathocde: A thim plae a hune metal M M
Electolye : Asoue an nble sat d mekal M.
laig plae.
ac Whensulphut is headhedlin aiy slkue, diide(Sa)
qdks ovmes his gay hay no ellect on dyy litmus
phpe is hax naellectondsy limu pape.
heat
hcB)s(s)tO,g Aulphun dioicc.
QIo Shatetwo aonon
con be
Ao) &sustace coahig Rushng a inn can be eventel
peentd
chaing heixonsuace ith ail, guetse. pointad uonil
G) Bu galvanjsatian ot ixon on can he proteced, om
using by coating it ith a tin aye d ~int
Puge No
Date
aidles [Link])
chnu Non -metas when combine uith Oxygen
nattsnal ox acidic oxid
Ex(;)
2Co
coGbon nonoxide
fneukya)
Conbon dioxide
(Acidic )
Ghive easo:
Ca) Platinum, gold ane ilveh One id to make iuelly
m Ylatnum ,qsld and silte oxe leant xeachive andnab
metaleseaeno aected bu alx,oxugen and.
moistuxe and maintain reny ushusedong hne
(b) [Link] and lihiom axe stored undex oil.
Br: Sodium, DoBassium ád ithium aye highly Yeacie metada
Ihese metal eac Vigarously wih Bxugen and moishure.
lhat is why thee ae asie stotd undeykexogene ail to
Contac wth aix and Dotsture
moKe udeils Jor
Page No.
Data
[Link] duig s use Gets tovexe with a Jaye at
aluninium axide hisaes is haxd,isduble an
doe nst pexmit anuthirg to pass hyough it,e-
Tlk is whå aluminimi Oig used ox makig ealte
Trat
uhenis cooking
(A) Casbode and ulphideoyeh ane wally convered into
oLIdes dusi tA te psced a extachon
Any his i because t is eaies to obtain metal fom.
its ox iole oxe than rom caxbonote s
salghide
O133 You must have seen toenishes
thu (appex whenexps sed to. moigtuesxe aiy qgets tarnishe
du to he yormah¡n d basic coppey catbonate
LCulog. alo), Lemonos tamarind juice (ontains.
OYCanic. acids hese acids xeoct ith the basic Copper
cotbonghe and cdeon hesurace
Q5 man wert doo to dooyxL he hod used ?
Aai he so-aled' qldamith might have used aqua reaia. he cqua
egia hau disalwed theupey Joyer a golo sleel
Amaoppey is the Conductox ad heat and electxic thy (neut thhsilye
Ahat is hy it is vsed lor making hot watestuks