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Earthquake Preparedness and Response Guide

The document discusses earthquakes, their causes, effects, and preparedness strategies, emphasizing the importance of community awareness and disaster management. It outlines earthquake-prone areas in India and suggests mitigation strategies, including retrofitting buildings and educating citizens. Case studies of significant earthquakes highlight the need for stronger infrastructure and effective emergency response.

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15 views9 pages

Earthquake Preparedness and Response Guide

The document discusses earthquakes, their causes, effects, and preparedness strategies, emphasizing the importance of community awareness and disaster management. It outlines earthquake-prone areas in India and suggests mitigation strategies, including retrofitting buildings and educating citizens. Case studies of significant earthquakes highlight the need for stronger infrastructure and effective emergency response.

Uploaded by

frontdeskhecc
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© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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TOPIC

Understanding Natural and


Man-Made Disasters: A
Community Preparedness
Approach"
SCHOOL

MANAV RACHNA INTERNATIONAL S

DISASTER MANAGEMENT
EARTHQUAKE Jasmeh Kaur; Class IX C
Introduction
An earthquake is the shaking of the surface of the Earth resulting from a sudden
release of energy in the Earth's lithosphere. Earthquakes can cause immense
destruction, including loss of lives and damage to infrastructure.

Causes of Earthquakes
Tectonic Movements: Most earthquakes occur due to movement along faults.
Volcanic Activity: Volcanic eruptions can cause seismic disturbances.
Man-made Causes: Mining, reservoir-induced seismicity (dams), and nuclear tests.

Effects of Earthquakes
Primary Effects: Ground shaking, surface rupture.
Secondary Effects: Landslides, tsunamis, fires, soil liquefaction.
Human Impact: Casualties, displacement, psychological trauma.
Economic Impact: Damage to property, loss of livelihoods.
Earthquake-Prone Areas in India
Zone V: Very High Risk (e.g., Northeast India, Kashmir, Andaman-
Nicobar)
Zone IV: High Risk (e.g., Delhi, parts of Bihar, Himachal Pradesh)
Zone III: Moderate Risk (e.g., Maharashtra, Karnataka)
Zone II: Low Risk (e.g., parts of South India)

Map of
Seismic
Zones of
India

Preparedness Awareness
Public Awareness: Conduct drills and training programs.
Building Codes: Enforce earthquake-resistant construction.
Emergency Kits: First aid, food, water, flashlight, radio, etc.
Evacuation Plans: Well-defined and practiced exit strategies.

What to do During an Earthquake


Do's:
Take cover under sturdy furniture.
Stay indoors until shaking stops.
Use stairs, not elevators.

Don'ts:
Don’t run outside during shaking.
Don’t use lifts.
Don’t light matches if gas leakage is suspected.
Disaster Management Authorities in India

NDMA (National Disaster Management


Authority)

NDRF (National Disaster Response


Force)

SDMA (State Disaster Management


Authorities)

Local Municipalities & NGOs

Earthquake Mitigation Strategies

Retrofitting old buildings.

Earthquake-resilient urban planning.

Seismic hazard mapping.

Educating citizens and incorporating disaster


management in curricula.
Case Studies

a) Bhuj Earthquake (2001)

Magnitude: 7.7

Deaths: ~20,000

Lessons: Need for stronger infrastructure and rapid


emergency response.

b) Nepal Earthquake (2015)

Magnitude: 7.8

Impact felt in India too.

Highlighted importance of cross-border


cooperation in disaster management.
Conclusion

Earthquakes are inevitable, but the damage they cause


can be minimized through proper preparedness,
education, and disaster management. Collective efforts
from the government, institutions, and citizens are
essential.

Bibliography

NDMA Official Website: [Link]

UNISDR Reports

National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM)

Newspaper articles & academic journals


THANK YOU

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