11-07-2025

2302CPF404021250008 PI

PART-A

SECTION - I (PHYSICS)

1) Assertion (A): For a body to be in rotational equilibrium, the algebraic sum of moments of all
forces acting on it about any point must be zero.
Reason (R): Rotational equilibrium implies that the body is either at rest or rotating with a uniform
angular velocity.

(1) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(2) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(3) A is true but R is false.
(4) A is false but R is true.

2)

The law of conservation of mechanical energy states that:

(1) Total energy of a system is always conserved.

(2) Kinetic energy of a system is always conserved.
(3) Potential energy of a system is always conserved.
The sum of kinetic and potential energy remains constant if only conservative forces act on the
(4)
system.

3) A coin is placed at the bottom of a beaker containing water (refractive index = 4/3) to a depth of
12 cm. What is the apparent depth of the coin when viewed from above?

(1) 9 cm
(2) 16 cm
(3) 12 cm
(4) 4 cm

4) An object is placed 20 cm from a convex lens of focal length 10 cm. Find the image distance.

(1) +20 cm
(2) –20 cm
(3) +10 cm
(4) –10 cm

5) A body of mass 2 kg initially at rest is acted upon by a force of 10 N for 2 seconds. Calculate the
kinetic energy gained by the body.

(1) 250 J
(2) 125 J
(3) 50 J
(4) 100 J

6) Assertion (A): A ray of white light disperses into its constituent colours when it passes through a
prism.
Reason (R): The refractive index of the material of the prism is different for different wavelengths
of light.

(1) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(2) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(3) A is true but R is false.
(4) A is false but R is true.

7) A convex lens forms a real image of an object at a distance of 30 cm from the lens. If the
magnification is -2, what is the focal length of the lens?

(1) +10 cm
(2) +20 cm
(3) –10 cm
(4) –20 cm

8) A 50 kg mass is lifted to a height of 10 m. If the efficiency of the lifting machine is 80%, what is
the energy supplied to the machine? (Take g=10 m/s2).

(1) 5000 J
(2) 6250 J
(3) 4000 J
(4) 500 J

9) An object is placed 15 cm in front of a concave lens of focal length 10 cm. Describe the nature and
position of the image formed.

(1) Real, inverted, 6 cm from the lens on the same side as the object.
(2) Virtual, erect, 6 cm from the lens on the same side as the object.
(3) Real, inverted, 30 cm from the lens on the opposite side.
(4) Virtual, erect, 30 cm from the lens on the opposite side.

10) Which of the following statements about the angle of deviation in a prism is INCORRECT?

(1) It depends on the angle of incidence.

(2) It depends on the refractive index of the prism material.
(3) It depends on the angle of the prism.
(4) It is independent of the wavelength of light.

11) A pump lifts 100 kg of water through a vertical height of 20 m in 10 seconds. Calculate the
power of the pump. (Take g=10 m/s2).
(1) 2000 W
(2) 1000 W
(3) 500 W
(4) 200 W

12) Which of the following conditions is necessary for a body to be in complete equilibrium (both
translational and rotational)?

(1) Net force is zero.

(2) Net torque is zero.
(3) Both net force and net torque are zero.
(4) The body is at rest.

13) Which of the following statements is true for the image formed by a concave lens?

(1) Always real and inverted.

(2) Always virtual and erect.
(3) Can be real or virtual depending on object position.
(4) Can be erect or inverted depending on object position.

SECTION - II (CHEMISTRY)

1) Element with atomic number 16 belongs to ___period and forms___oxide.

(1) 3, acidic
(2) 3, basic
(3) 6, neutral
(4) 2, acidic

2) Electron affinity is maximum in:

(1) Alkaline earth metals

(2) Halogens
(3) Inert gases
(4) Alkali metals

3) Which of the following does not belong to Dobereiner's triads?

(1) Li, Na, K

(2) Al, Ga, Ge
(3) Ca, Sr, Ba
(4) Cl, Br, I

4) Choose the correct order of electron affinity:

(1) F > Cℓ > Br > I

(2) I > Br > Cℓ > F
(3) Cℓ > F > Br > I
(4) Br > I > F > Cℓ

5) Why is MgCl2 an ionic compound whereas CCl4 is covalent ?

(1) Magnesium is a non-metal; carbon is a metal.

(2) Chlorine behaves differently with metals and non-metals.
(3) Magnesium readily loses electrons, but carbon shares them.
(4) Ionic bonding only occurs with chlorine.

6) Which molecule below has non-polar covalent bonding?

(1) H2O
(2) HCl
(3) Cl2
(4) NH3

7) Which of the following statements best explains why ionic compounds have high melting points?

(1) They consist of small molecules with weak bonds.

(2) They are made of covalent networks.
(3) They contain strong electrostatic forces between oppositely charged ions.
(4) Their atoms share electrons to form stable structures.

8) ___ is formed by partial replacement of hydrogen ions during neutralisation reaction of H2SO4 and
NaOH and it is called ___salt.

(1) NaHSO3, basic

(2) Na2SO4, neutral
(3) NaHSO4, acidic
(4) NaHSO4, basic

9) An acid which has two replaceable hydrogen ions:

(1) Acetic acid

(2) Hydrochloric acid
(3) Phosphoric acid
(4) Carbonic acid

10) An aqueous compound which turns colourless phenolphthalein to pink :

(1) Ammonium hydroxide

(2) Nitric acid
(3) Anhydrous calcium chloride
(4) Sulphuric acid

11)

The number of moles in 52g of He is ______

(1) 1
(2) 13
(3) 26
(4) 52

12) Which of the following statements is not true according to Gay lussac's Law of combining
volumes?

(1) One volume of oxygen mixes with two volume of hydrogen to give three volumes of water
(2) One volume of hydrogen mixes with one volume of chlorine to give two volumes of HCl gas
(3) One volume of nitrogen mixes with three volume of hydrogen to give two volumes of NH3 gas.
(4) Two volumes of CO on combustion with one volume of oxygen to give two volumes of CO2 gas.

13) Calculate the weight of CaCl2 obtained and volume of CO2 produced at S.T.P from 10g CaCO3
according to the given equation.

(1) 111g, 22.4L

(2) 10g, 22.4L
(3) 111g, 2.24L
(4) 11.1g, 2.24L

SECTION - III (BIOLOGY)

1)

The space between the cell wall and plasma membrane in a plasmolysed cell is filled with

(1) isotonic solution

(2) hypotonic solution
(3) hypertonic solution
(4) water

2) The most appropriate characteristic of a semi-permeable membrane is that

(1) It has minute pores.

(2) It has no pores.
(3) It allows the solute to pass through but not the solvent.
(4) It allows a solvent to pass through freely but prevents the passage of the solute.

3) Guttation takes place through

(1) Stomata
(2) Lenticels
(3) Lower epidermis of leaves
(4) Hydathodes

4) Transpiration will be fastest when the day is

(1) Cool, humid and windy

(2) Hot, humid and still
(3) Hot, humid and windy
(4) Hot, dry and windy

5) One of the internal factors which affect the rate of transpiration is

(1) Big size of the leaf

(2) Colour of the leaf
(3) Sunken stomata
(4) Sunny day

6) From which part of a leaf does most water evaporate during transpiration?

(1) The cuticle

(2) The guard cells
(3) The spongy mesophyll cells
(4) The xylem vessels

7) ................is used as an indicator for a demonstration of transpiration.

(1) Litmus paper

(2) Cobalt chloride paper
(3) Both a and b
(4) None of the above

8) Lenticels allow diffusion of gases for.........

(1) Respiration
(2) Transpiration
(3) Photosynthesis
(4) Both (1) and (3)

9) The number of water molecules required in the chemical reactions to produce one molecule of
glucose during photosynthesis is

(1) Six
(2) Twelve
(3) Eighteen
(4) Twenty-four

10) Part of chloroplast where biosynthetic phase occurs.

(1) Thylakoid
(2) Mitochondria
(3) Granum
(4) Stroma

11) Light induced reactions which lead to splitting of water.

(1) Photolysis
(2) Photo-oxidation
(3) Electrolysis
(4) Activation

12) A twig of a plant was kept inside a flask as shown is the diagram and it was kept in sunlight for a
few hours.
What is the aim to the experiment?

(1) To prove that carbon dioxide is necessary for photosynthesis.

(2) Sunlight is necessary for photosynthesis.
(3) To show that O2 was used up by the inside leaf part.
(4) To show that chlorophyll is necessary for photosynthesis

13) In flowering plants food is transported in the form of:

(1) Starch
(2) Sucrose
(3) Glycogen
(4) Cellulose

14) A plant is kept in a dark cupboard for 48 hours before conducting any experiment on
photosynthesis in order to

(1) Remove chlorophyll from leaves

(2) Remove starch from the leaves
(3) Ensure that no photosynthesis occurred
(4) Ensure that the leaves are free from starch
 SECTION - IV (MATHEMATICS)

1) The reflection of the point in the line y = –1 is

(1) (–3, –2)

(2) (1, –4)
(3) (1, 4)
(4) (1, 0)

2) Which of the following points is invariant with respect to the line y = –2 ?

(1) (3, 2)
(2) (3, –2)
(3) (2, 3)
(4) (–2, 3)

3) Find the reflection in y-axis of the point c(–3, –3).

(1) (3, 3)
(2) (3, –3)
(3) (–3, –3)
(4) (–3, 3)

4) A point C(3, 4) is reflected on the X-axis. If 'C' is the image, write down the length of segment CC'.

(1) 3 units
(2) 4 units
(3) 6 units
(4) 8 units

5) The coordinates of the point P(–3, 5) on reflection in the x-axis are -

(1) (3, 5)
(2) (–3, –5)
(3) (3, –5)
(4) (–3, 5)

6) Which of the following points are invariant points when reflected in the y-axis ?
(7, 0), (–1, 1), (2, 2), (0, 4)

(1) (7, 0)
(2) (–1, 1)
(3) (0, 4)
(4) (2, 2)

7) If , find the ratio ,

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)

8) Find sub-triplicate ratio of

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)

9) If , find .

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4) None

10) What percent of 1 day is 36 minutes?

(1) 25%
(2) 2.5%
(3) 3.6%
(4) 0.25%

11) 5 mangoes and 4 guavas cost as much as 3 mangoes and 7 guavas. What is the ratio of the cost
of 1 mango to the cost of 1 guava.

(1) 1 : 2
(2) 2 : 3
(3) 3 : 2
(4) 5 : 4

12) What number must be added to each of the numbers 6, 15, 20 and 43 to make them
proportional.

(1) 1
(2) 2
(3) 3
(4) 4

13) Find the mean proportion of 36.3 and 2.7.

(1) 7.9
(2) 8.9
(3) 4.9
(4) 9.9

14) Discriminant of the equation

(1) –92
(2) –29
(3) 39
(4) 49

15) Solve for

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4) None

16) The nature of the roots of the equation is

(1) No real roots

(2) 1 real root
(3) can't be determined
(4) none of these

17) If the equation has equal roots, then which one is correct ?

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4) None of these

18) The sum of squares of three consecutive even integers is 200. Find the integers.

(1) 5, 6, 7
(2) 6, 9, 10
(3) 4, 6, 9
(4) 6, 8, 10

19) If is a root of the quadratic equation , then the value of k is

(1) –6
(2) –3
(3) 3
(4) 6

20) The roots of the equation are

(1) 2, –5
(2) –2, 5
(3) 2, 5
(4) –2, –5

21) Which of the following is not a quadratic equation -

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)

22) If and , find .

(1) 48 : 56 : 63
(2) 58 : 56 : 73
(3) 38 : 46 : 53
(4) None

23) A sum of money is divided in the ratio 3 : 5. If the larger part is ₹3125, find the smaller part.

(1) ₹1575
(2) ₹1675
(3) ₹1775
(4) ₹1875

24) The reflection of the point (–3, 0) in the origin is the point.

(1) (0, –3)

(2) (0, 3)
(3) (3, 0)
(4) None

25) The reflection of the point P(–2, 3) in the y-axis is

(1) (2, 3)
(2) (2, –3)
(3) (–2, –3)
(4) (0, 3)
 PART-B

SECTION - I (ENGLISH)

1)

Choose the correct option to rewrite the original sentence -

He is so weak that he cannot lift the bag.

(1) He is too strong to lift the bag.

(2) He is weak, still lifts the bag.
(3) He is too weak to lift the bag.
(4) He lifts the bag though weak.

2) Choose the correct option to rewrite the original sentence

As soon as the bell rang, the students rushed out.

(1) The bell rang when the students left.

(2) No sooner did the bell ring than the students rushed out.
(3) The students rushed after the bell stopped.
(4) The students were waiting silently.

3)

Choose the correct option to rewrite the original sentence

He was punished for being late.

(1) He punished because he was on time.

(2) He was late so he was praised.
(3) He was punished because he was late.
(4) He punished his teacher.

4)

Choose the correct option to rewrite the original sentence

I know the answer.

(1) The answer is not known to me.

(2) The answer was given.
(3) The answer is known to me.
(4) I am known to the answer.

5)

Fill in the blanks from the suitable option -

The book is ___ the table.
(1) in
(2) under
(3) on
(4) beside

6)

Fill in the blanks from the suitable option -

He has been absent ___ Monday.

(1) for
(2) since
(3) from
(4) on

7)

Fill in the blanks from the suitable option -

He divided the apples ___ the children.

(1) between
(2) among
(3) with
(4) into

8)

Fill in the blanks from the suitable option -

They _____ their holidays in Goa last year.

(1) spend
(2) had spent
(3) spent
(4) were spending

9)

Fill in the blanks from the suitable option -

If he works hard, he ___ pass.

(1) will
(2) would
(3) can
(4) must

10)

Fill in the blanks from the suitable option -

The child ___ by his mother.

(1) is taken care

(2) is being taken care
(3) takes care
(4) is being taken care of

SECTION - II (SOCIAL SCIENCE)

1) Inam Commission was appointed in -

(1) 1857
(2) 1848
(3) 1852
(4) 1872

2) Which one is correctly matched ?

Organisation Foundation year

(A) Brahmo Samaj 1813

(B) Arya Samaj 1870

(C) Satya Shodhak Samaj 1875

(D) Atmiya Sabha 1814

(1) (A)
(2) (B)
(3) (C)
(4) (D)

3) Mohammedan Anglo - Oriental College was located in -

(1) Kanpur
(2) Lahore
(3) Bombay
(4) Aligarh

4) Permanent President of the Muslim League was -

(1) Agha Khan

(2) Nawab Salimullah
(3) M.A Jinnah
(4) Iqbal

5) Before the First World War, Germany, Italy, Russia and Japan wanted to increase their sphere of
influence and create their colonies in -
(1) Africa and North America
(2) Asia and Europe
(3) Africa and Asia
(4) Asia and South America

6) Consider the following statements: -

(1) Union Territories are not represented in the Rajya Sabha.
(2) One - third of Rajya Sabha members retire every three years.
(3) Prorogation means end of the session of the parliament.
How many of the above statements are correct?

(1) Only (1)

(2) Only (2) and (3)
(3) All three
(4) Only (3)

7) Which of the following appointments is not made by the President of India?

(1) Chief of the Army

(2) Lok Sabha Speaker
(3) Chief Justice of India
(4) Chief of the Air Force

8) Which of the following was not the reason for the revolt of 1857?

(1) Promotion of christian missionaries

(2) To gain full freedom from British Raj and establish a democratic set up.
The British replaced the Brown Bess with Enfield Rifle using bullets containing Beet and pig
(3)
Fat.
(4) None

9) Who was the Governor General of India at the time of the Sepoy Mutiny?

(1) Lord Hordings

(2) Lord Canning
(3) Lord Lytton
(4) Lord Dalhousie

10) What was the main reason for the formation of the Muslim League?

(1) To promote Hindu - Muslim Unity

(2) To protect the rights of Muslims in India
(3) To gain freedom from British rule
(4) To establish a separate Muslim State

11) United Indian Patriotic Association was founded in -

(1) 1858
(2) 1888
(3) 1806
(4) 1878

12) The members of the Rajya Sabha are elected by -

(1) The elected members of the Legislative Council of each state

(2) The elected members of the Legislative Assembly of each state
(3) All members of the Legislative Assembly of each state
(4) All members of Lok Sabha

13) In which state of India the rain caused by a lightening storm is called 'Cherry Blossom' ?

(1) Gujarat
(2) Meghalaya
(3) Assam
(4) Karnataka

14) Most part of India receives rainfall from _____.

(1) March to June

(2) June to September
(3) May to August
(4) October to November

15) What causes rainfall on the coastal areas of Tamil Nadu in the beginning of winters?

(1) North - Eastern Monsoon

(2) Local Air Circulation
(3) South - West Monsoon
(4) Temperate Cyclones

16) In India the maximum area is covered by which type of soil?

(1) Laterite soil

(2) Red soil
(3) Alluvial soil
(4) Black soil

17) The soil that has maximum water retention capacity -

(1) Red soil

(2) Regur soil
(3) Desert soil
(4) Laterite soil
18) Laterite soil is rich in -

(1) Lime
(2) Magnesium
(3) Nitrogen
(4) Potash

19) The most exploited forests of India are -

(1) Tropical rain forest

(2) Tropical Deciduous Forest
(3) Tropical Desert Forest
(4) Mountain Forest

20) Which one of the plants / trees is an example of Tropical Rain Forest?

(1) Sandalwood
(2) Khair
(3) Keora
(4) Ebony

SECTION - III (MENTAL ABILITY)

1) If in a certain code language 'RAMAN' is written as '23.5' and 'CAP' is written as '10', then how
will 'CAPACITY' be written in that code?

(1) 35
(2) 49
(3) 48
(4) 39

2) 7, 25, ?, 69, 99, 137

(1) 39
(2) 58
(3) 62
(4) 45

3)

Ajay walks 24 km towards East and turns to right hand side and takes a drive of another 10 km. He
then turning to his right (drives towards West) another 10 km. He then turns to his left & walks
another 8 km. After that, he turns to his right & travels 14 km. How far is he from his initial point &
in which direction?

(1) 20 km East
(2) 18 km South
(3) 16 km West
(4) 10 km South

4)

Ajay correctly remembers that his mother Radhika's birthday is after the 5th but before the 10th of
June, while his sister Sita correctly remembers that her mother's birthday is before the 11th but
after the 8th of June. On which date in June is their mother's birthday?

(1) 7th
(2) 9th
(3) 10th
(4) 8th

5)
Which of the following Dice can be form?

(1) 1
(2) 2
(3) 3
(4) 4
 ANSWER KEYS

PART-A

SECTION - I (PHYSICS)

Q. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
A. 2 4 1 1 4 1 2 2 2 4 1 3 2

SECTION - II (CHEMISTRY)

Q. 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
A. 1 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 4 1 2 1 4

SECTION - III (BIOLOGY)

Q. 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
A. 3 4 4 4 3 3 2 4 2 4 1 1 2 4

SECTION - IV (MATHEMATICS)

Q. 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
A. 4 2 2 4 2 3 2 1 1 2 3 3 4 1 3 1 3 4 4 2
Q. 61 62 63 64 65
A. 3 1 4 3 1

PART-B

SECTION - I (ENGLISH)

Q. 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75
A. 3 2 3 3 3 2 2 3 1 4

SECTION - II (SOCIAL SCIENCE)

Q. 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95
A. 3 4 4 1 3 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 2 1 3 2 4 2 4

SECTION - III (MENTAL ABILITY)

Q. 96 97 98 99 100
A. 4 4 2 2 3
 SOLUTIONS

PART-A

1) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

Explanation:
Assertion (A): For rotational equilibrium, the net torque (algebraic sum of moments) acting
on the body must be zero. This is a correct condition for rotational equilibrium. Reason (R):
Rotational equilibrium means either the body is at rest (static equilibrium) or rotating with a
constant angular velocity (dynamic equilibrium). This definition of rotational equilibrium is
also correct.

2) The sum of kinetic and potential energy remains constant if only conservative
forces act on the system.
Explanation: The law of conservation of mechanical energy states that in an isolated system
where only conservative forces (like gravity, elastic spring force) are doing work, the total
mechanical energy (sum of kinetic energy and potential energy) remains constant. If non-
conservative forces (like friction, air resistance) are present, mechanical energy is not
conserved, though total energy (including heat, sound, etc.) is always conserved.

3) 9 cm
Explanation: The relationship between real depth, apparent depth, and refractive index is
given by:

=
= 9 cm

4) +20 cm

= = v = 20 cm

5) 100 J
Explanation:
F=ma.
10 N=2 kg×a⟹a=5 m/s2.
using the equation of motion: v = u + at.
v = u + at = 0 + 5 × 2 = 10 m/s

6) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. Explanation:

Assertion (A) is true; white light disperses through a prism.
Reason (R) is also true; the refractive index varies with wavelength (or colour) of light. This
difference in refractive index causes different colours to bend at different angles, leading to
dispersion. Thus, R is the correct explanation for A.

7) +20 cm

Using formula: →

8) 6250 J
Explanation:
First, calculate the useful work done (output energy) to lift the mass. This is equal to the
potential energy gained by the mass.
Useful Work Done (Output Energy) = PE=mgh
Given: m=50 kg, h=10 m, g=10 m/s2.
Output Energy =50 kg×10 m/s2×10 m=5000 J.

9) Virtual, erect, 6 cm from the lens on the same side as the object.
Explanation: For a concave lens, the focal length (f) is negative. The object distance (u) is also
negative.

v = –6 cm
The negative sign for v indicates that the image is formed on the same side as the object.
For a concave lens, the image formed is always virtual and erect.
Therefore, the image is Virtual, erect, and 6 cm from the lens on the same side as the object.

10) It is independent of the wavelength of light.

Explanation: The angle of deviation (δ) in a prism depends on the angle of incidence, the angle
of the prism, and the refractive index of the prism material. The refractive index of a material
varies with the wavelength (colour) of light, a phenomenon known as dispersion. Therefore,
different colours of light deviate by different amounts, meaning the angle of deviation is
dependent on the wavelength (or colour) of light. Hence, the statement that it is independent
of the wavelength of light is incorrect.

11) 2000 W
Explanation:
Work done in lifting water = Potential Energy gained = mgh
m=100 kg, h=20 m, g=10 m/s2.
Work done =100 kg×10 m/s2 × 20 m=20000 J.
Power (P) is the rate of doing work:

P = 2000 Watt

12) Both net force and net torque are zero.

Explanation: For a body to be in complete equilibrium, it must be in both translational
equilibrium and rotational equilibrium.
Translational equilibrium means the net external force acting on the body is zero (ΣF=0),
resulting in no change in its linear velocity (either at rest or moving with constant velocity).
Rotational equilibrium means the net external torque (moment of force) acting on the body is
zero (Στ=0), resulting in no change in its angular velocity (either at rest or rotating with
constant angular velocity).
Therefore, both conditions must be met for complete equilibrium.

13) Always virtual and erect.

Explanation: A concave lens is a diverging lens. Regardless of the object's position (except at
infinity, where a point image is formed at F), a concave lens always forms a virtual, erect, and
diminished image between the optical centre and the principal focus on the same side as the
object.

14)

Atomic number =16=2,8,6=Sulphur

It belongs to 3rd period and forms acidic oxide.

15) As halogens require only one electron to complete their octet shell, they possess the
highest electron affinity.

16) Al, Ga, Ge

17) Cℓ > F > Br > I

18) Metal + non-metal → ionic; C shares electrons

19) Cl2 is homonuclear non-polar covalent

20) Cl2 is homonuclear non-polar covalent

21)

22) Its formula is It contains two hydrogen atoms, i.e.,

23) Phenolphthalein converts a base into pink color. Since, ammonium hydroxide is a base so it
turns into pink color on adding an indicator.

24)

25)

26)

27) hypertonic solution

When a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, water flows out of the cell through osmosis,
causing the cell to shrink. As the cell shrinks, the plasma membrane pulls away from the cell
wall, creating a space between the two. This space is filled with the hypertonic solution that
the cell is immersed in.

28) It allows a solvent to pass through freely but prevents the passage of the solute.
A semi-permeable membrane is a selectively permeable barrier that allows certain molecules
to pass through while restricting others. In the context of osmosis, semi- permeable
membranes permit solvent molecules (such as water) to pass through freely, while preventing
or restricting the passage of solute molecules.

29) Hydathodes
Guttation occurs through *hydathodes*, which are specialized structures found on the edges
or tips of leaves. These structures allow plants to release excess water through a process
called guttation, resulting in droplets of water forming on the leaves.

30) Hot, dry and windy

Transpiration is the process by which plants release water vapor into the air through their
leaves. The rate of transpiration is influenced by environmental factors such as temperature,
humidity, and wind.

31) Sunken stomata are small depressions on the surface of leaves that contain stomatal pores.
This structural adaptation can affect the rate of transpiration by creating a more humid
microclimate near the stomata, which

32) The spongy mesophyll cells

During transpiration, water evaporates from the surfaces of cells in contact with the
intercellular spaces in the leaf. The spongy mesophyll cells, with their large surface area and
proximity to the intercellular spaces, play a significant role in this process.
33)

Cobalt chloride paper is a commonly used indicator to demonstrate transpiration in plants.

When dry, cobalt chloride paper is blue, but when it absorbs water vapor, it turns pink. By
attaching cobalt chloride paper to a leaf, the change in color indicates the amount of water
vapor transpired by the plant.

34) Both (1) and (3)

Lenticels are small, raised openings on the surface of plant stems, particularly in woody
plants. They allow for the exchange of gases, including oxygen and carbon dioxide, between
the plant's internal tissues and the

35) Twelve
Photosynthesis Equation The overall equation for photosynthesis can be simplified as:
6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 (glucose) + 6O2

36) Stroma
The biosynthetic phase, also known as the Calvin cycle or light-independent reactions, occurs
in the *stroma* of the chloroplast. During this phase, CO2 is fixed into glucose using the
energy generated from the light-dependent reactions.

37)

Photolysis refers to the light-induced splitting of water molecules (H2O) into oxygen (O2),
protons (H+), and electrons. This process occurs in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts
during the light-dependent reactions

38) To prove that carbon dioxide is necessary for photosynthesis.

-
Comparison: By comparing the plant's response in the flask with KOH (CO2 free environment)
to one without KOH (limited CO2 availability), one can demonstrate the essential role of CO2 in
photosynthesis.
Conclusion: The experiment would likely show that the plant in the flask with KOH (CO2- free
environment) would not undergo photosynthesis or would show significantly reduced
photosynthetic activity, highlighting the necessity of CO2 for photosynthesis.

39) Sucrose
In flowering plants, food is primarily transported in the form of sucrose, a disaccharide
composed of glucose and fructose molecules. Sucrose is synthesized in the leaves during
photosynthesis and is then transported to other parts of the plant through the phloem, a
vascular tissue responsible for nutrient transport.
Sucrose is the preferred form of carbohydrate transport in flowering plants due to its stability,
solubility, and energy density, making it an efficient means of energy transfer within the plant.

40) Ensure that the leaves are free from starch

By keeping a plant in a dark cupboard for 48 hours, the plant is deprived of light, which is
essential for photosynthesis. As a result, the plant's stored starch is gradually used up to
sustain

41)

Reflection of the point (x, y) in the line y = a is the point (x, –y + 2a)
The image of point (1, –2) under reflection in the line y = –1 is the point
(1, –(–2) + 2 × –1)
(1, +2 –2)
(1, 0)

42)

(3, –2)

43)
(3, –3)

44)

If point C(3, 4) is reflected on the x-axis.

co-ordinates of c is (3, –4)

C (3, 4)
C' (3, –4)

45)

If the point (–3, 5) is reflected under x-axis, the co-ordinates are

(–3, –5)
46)

(0, 4)

47)

2x = –3y

48)

Sub triplicate of is

49)

50)

Let x% of 1 day is 36 minute x% of 1 day = 36 minute

x = 2.5%

51)
52)

Let the required number is x

53)

Mean properties is =

54)

D = b2 – 4ac
= 4 – 4x –3 × –8
= 4 – 96 = –92

55)

56)

D = b2 – 4ac
(–5)2 –4×1×7
25 – 28
–3 < 0
No real roots

57)

D=0
58)

x = 6, –10
x = 6, so integer are → x, x + 2, x + 4
6, 8, 10

59)

k=6

60)

x = –2, 5

61)

62)

A : B = 6 : 7, B : C = 8 : 9
L.C.M of two values of B = 56
A : B = 6 : 7 = 48 : 56
B : C = 8 : 9 = 56 : 63
A : B : C = 48 : 56 : 63

63)

Let smaller part is x

x = 1875

64)

Reflection of point (–3, 0) in origin is → (3, 0)

65)

Reflection of point (–2, 3) in y-axis is → (2, 3)

PART-B

66) He is too weak to lift the bag.

67) No sooner did the bell ring than the students rushed out.

68) He was punished because he was late.

69) The answer is known to me.

70) The book is on the table.

71) He has been absent since Monday.

72) He divided the apples among the children.

73) They spent their holidays in Goa last year.

74) If he works hard, he will pass.

75) The child is being taken care of by his mother.

76)

Inam Commission was appointed in 1852

77) Atmiya Sabha → 1814

78) Mohammedan Anglo - Oriental College was located in Aligarh

79) Agha khan is the permanent president of the Muslim league.

80) Before the First World War, Germany, Italy, Russia and Japan wanted to increase their
sphere of influence and create their colonies in Africa and Asia.

81) (3) Prorogation means end of the session of the parliament.

82) Lok Sabha Speaker appointments is not made by the President of India.
83) To gain full freedom from British Raj and establish a democratic set up.

84)

Lord Canning was the Governor General of India at the time of the Sepoy Mutiny.

85) The main reason for the formation of the Muslim League to protect the rights of Muslims
in India.

86) United Indian Patriotic Association was founded in 1888

87) The elected members of the Legislative Assembly of each state

88) Karnataka state of India the rain caused by a lightening storm is called 'Cherry Blossom' ?

89) Most part of India receives rainfall from June to September.

90) North - Eastern Monsoon causes rainfall on the coastal areas of Tamil Nadu in the
beginning of winters?

91) In India the maximum area is covered by Alluvial soil?

92) Regur soil soil that has maximum water retention capacity.

93) Laterite soil is rich in Potash

94) The most exploited forests of India are Tropical Deciduous Forest

95) Ebony one of the plants / trees is an example of Tropical Rain Forest.

96)

Required answer = Sum of the corresponding letter position / 2

97)
98)

99) According to Ajay, mother's birthday can be on 6th , 7th , 8th , and 9th of June.
According to his sister, mother's birthday can be on the 9th and 10th .of June.
Here, the 9th of June is common in both the statement. Hence , my mother's birthday is on
9th of June.
The correct answer is "9th ".

100) Option (3) is correct.