Problem-Solving Model in Social Work
Translated by
ScribdTranslationsProblem-Solving Model in Social Work
Translated by
ScribdTranslationsResolution Model of
Problems
Teacher: Jacqueline Díaz Luarte
Subject: Intervention Methodology with People and Families
Nicolás Lagos Chavarría
Éric Missio Da Silva
Introduction
In this research work, we will delve into the origin of the model of
problem solving, in which we will see where and how their beginnings emerged,
What is this model based on, besides the implementation and its importance?
this model exists in Social Work, where we will develop as
professionals in the future.
We will learn the importance of the Id, Superego, and Ego, which is so important.
for human personality and its changes.
It will also demonstrate various factors that we must keep our focus on.
the time for patient care.
Origin of the Problem-Solving Model
Helen Harris Perlman, influenced by the psychosocial theory of development
Erik Erickson's individual proposed a new approach in the 1940s.
for the intervention in Social Work that he calls Resolution Model
of Problems.
She, as a professor at the School of Social Work at the University of Chicago,
she was the great driving force behind this model. Above all, through the publication of
Social Casework: A Problem-solving Process (1957)
According to this author, work with social cases is defined as follows:
a person with a problem goes to a service where a professional
qualified or a qualified professional provides assistance according to a certain process.
The aim of the intervention is to help resolve the current difficulty and facilitate a
certain learning of the problem, to face successive difficulties.
The author identifies problem solving as one of the objectives.
principles of social work and explain that the resolution of problems must
understand a conscious, focused, and intentional activity among the professional
and the client, and the steps that must be taken for this are:
The verification and clarification of the facts that constitute the problem, having
takes into account both the client's perspective and the professional's.
The reflection on these events, promoting the understanding of the problem and the
effects that occur on it.
The decision-making process progressively based on the process carried out,
seeking the resolution on the same.
Main concepts of the Problem Solving Model
The main concepts of the Model postulate that the human being from the moment of birth
Until the moment of his death, he faced countless problems.
(whether he is aware of it or not) to which he must provide a solution in order to
maintain the essential stability for its existence and development. For Helen
Harris Perlman, the personality would be the typical behavior pattern that the
A person develops throughout their life to face and solve problems.
Every day we live offers us choices and decisions to make, some
minimums and others of great importance. In turn, each person has a greater or
lower level of alertness and competence to recognize and solve their problems.
The Problem Solving Model focuses its action on helping the
people to face and solve their problems and difficulties to which they do not
find solutions on their own, and their goal is for these people
increase your conscious competence in this task.
The model presents people as subjects in constant evolution,
no way as finished products and, according to this premise,
grants great importance to life experiences, to the past history. By being
exposed to powerful stimuli can change at crucial moments,
personality can change profoundly. Therefore, these
crisis moments become opportunities for new learning and
significant that increase the level of competence and satisfaction in tasks
daily.
The Problem Resolution Model encompasses the individual according to the
Freudian theory of personality structure, according to which personality
It would be made up of three instances: the ID or It, defined as vital force,
set of energies and needs that seek satisfaction and drive to
the person to act in this regard; the Superego, which would be the set of norms,
values, prohibitions, limitations, imposed by society and internalized by
the person, and the Ego, whose function is aimed at establishing a balance between the
contradictory demands of the It and the Superego, and it is who (with different
degrees of success) ultimately governs personality. Consequently the
the intervention of Social Work aims to reinforce, consolidate and strengthen the
functions of the Ego and has Casework relationship as its technical tool
most important. It is used to help the individual recognize and free themselves from
defense and protection mechanisms that restrict it, so that it can allocate
its capabilities and energies towards action and experimentation to solve its
problems and difficulties.
Regarding methods and techniques, Helen Harris Perlman proposes:
1. Establish a therapeutic relationship with the client that serves as support and
It influences the nature of your emotional relationship with the problem.
2. Create a systematic and flexible procedure by which the client
can reflect and act on his problem, its nature, its
implications and their possible solutions.
3. Provide opportunities for communication or resources that follow
fostering the client's adaptive capacity towards their future
problem.
Case Social Work
Case Social Work is the most commonly used technique by this model, according to
Perlman, the case method is used to help individuals cope.
more effectively to their problems in social functioning.
Four basic aspects of the case method:
a) The person: is the individual who has the need.
b) The problem: it is the need or obstacle that threatens the living situation.
of the client.
c) The place: social agency where the person seeks help.
d) The process: the progressive transaction between the Social Worker and the
participant.
Model Process
1. Statement of the Problem.
2. Identification of causal factors.
3. Development of an action plan.
a) Identification of needs.
b) Determination of objectives.
c) Selection of intervention processes and tasks.
4. Evaluation and feedback.
Conclusion
In this work, we were able to achieve a better understanding of how it was created.
model of Problem Solving, and with that have a broad understanding of
what we must delve into to succeed as future professionals, that
it is our duty to focus on the customer, and with that verify and clarify the facts,
reflect and thus make decisions.
It also shows that we are the ones people will turn to when they cannot.
find a solution on your own.
The author demonstrates how valuable we are in the lives of others.
people and that in order for us to help them we must create a bond with them and
thus providing them with the necessary attention.
Bibliography
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problems
Common questions
Powered by AIThe Problem-Solving Model in social work incorporates Freudian theory by emphasizing the balance between the Id, Ego, and Superego. The Id represents basic instincts and desires, the Superego embodies internalized societal norms, and the Ego mediates between these two. Social work interventions focus on strengthening the Ego to help individuals manage conflicting demands and free themselves from defense mechanisms that hinder problem-solving and personal growth .
Systematic and flexible procedures in problem-solving, as outlined by Perlman, enable clients to reflect comprehensively on their issues, understand the nature and implications, and explore potential solutions. This structured yet adaptable approach meets clients' unique needs and situations, providing a clear pathway for addressing problems while adapting to new insights and changes. It empowers clients by enhancing their ability to navigate and resolve personal challenges, thereby fostering increased self-efficacy and resourcefulness .
Perlman's Problem-Solving Model outlines several steps for intervention: problem statement, identification of causal factors, and development of an action plan, which includes needs identification, objective determination, and intervention process selection. The model concludes with evaluation and feedback. These steps facilitate problem resolution by systematically unpacking the problem, exploring underlying causes, and crafting targeted interventions that allow the client and social worker to address and adapt to the problem dynamically, ensuring effective and sustainable outcomes .
Social work interventions are crucial in reinforcing the Ego within the Problem-Solving Model as they seek to mediate between the conflicting Id and Superego, thereby facilitating balanced personality development. By strengthening the Ego, interventions help individuals overcome defense mechanisms that limit their capacities. This reinforcement allows clients to allocate their energies toward constructive problem-solving and personal growth, which is essential for overall psychological health and adaptability in facing life's challenges .
The four basic aspects of the case method in the Problem-Solving Model include: 1) the person, who is the one in need of help; 2) the problem, which is the obstacle or need threatening the client's situation; 3) the place, referring to the social agency where help is sought; and 4) the process, which involves the evolving transaction between the social worker and the client. These elements form a comprehensive system for systematically addressing and resolving issues by focusing on the client's needs in a structured setting .
Helen Harris Perlman conceptualized the Problem-Solving Model in social work based on Erik Erikson's psychosocial development theory. It emphasizes a structured and intentional process between a professional and a client to resolve problems. The model involves verifying and clarifying facts, reflecting on events, and progressing through decision-making. It integrates the Freudian structure of personality—Id, Superego, and Ego—focusing on reinforcing the Ego to govern personality effectively. Key components include the person needing help, the problem, the social agency (place), and the process of interaction between the social worker and the client .
The 'process' in the Problem-Solving Model refers to the progressive interaction and transaction between the client and the social worker. It is central to resolving individual cases as it facilitates mutual understanding, clarifies the client's needs and challenges, and devises actionable steps for resolution. This process is dynamic and tailored to the client's evolving situation, allowing for continual feedback and adjustment, ensuring solutions are relevant and effective .
In Perlman's Problem-Solving Model, life experiences and past history are critical because they view individuals as subjects of constant evolution rather than finished products. These experiences, especially crisis moments, are opportunities for new learning that enhance a person's competence and satisfaction with daily tasks. Such moments allow for personality development and the recalibration of one's competencies .
The Problem-Solving Model perceives crises as pivotal in personal development. Crises are seen as significant opportunities for learning and growth, leading to profound personality changes. They challenge existing competencies and satisfaction levels, prompting individuals to adapt and develop new skills, thus enhancing their ability to tackle daily tasks and future problems more effectively .
The Problem-Solving Model aims to increase a client's conscious competence by engaging them in a systematic and thoughtful process of problem identification, reflection, and action. Methods proposed include establishing a therapeutic relationship that influences emotional dynamics, creating a flexible procedure for problem reflection and action, and providing communication resources to enhance adaptive capacity. These strategies foster a deeper understanding and capability in facing future challenges independently .