Nominal Derivation in Cinyungwe Language
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Vayrett De Nascimento Francisco Mouzinho
Nominal derivation in Cinyungwe
Bachelor's Degree in Portuguese Teaching
4th Year, Laboral
Púnguè University
Tete Province
2021
Vayrett De Nascimento Francisco Mouzinho
Nominal derivation in Cinyungwe
Work to be submitted for the course of
Structure of Bantu Languages, as
assessment requirement, under guidance
do:
Teacher: Agostinho Muchombe
Púnguè University
Tete Province
2021
Index
Chapter I.........................................................................................................................................4
Introduction........................................................................................................................................4
Objectives:.......................................................................................................................................4
General Objective
Specific objectives.....................................................................................................................4
5
Literature review........................................................................................................................5
Nominal derivation...........................................................................................................................5
Nominal loans and criteria for their integration in Mozambican languages...................6
Chapter III
Conclusion
Reference........................................................................................................................................8
Chapter I
Introduction
The present research work for the course Structure of Bantu Languages has as its theme
Nominal derivation in Cinyungwe. With this process, names can be derived from names.
of verbs, of ideophones, among other lexical categories. The derived noun, unlike the
primitive name, has specific semantic characteristics Derivation of the name from verbs,
The verb is one of the most permeable lexical categories for nominal derivation. From it
one can derive names from different semantic functions (agentive, instrumental, inventive,
resultative). With this process, one can derive names from names, from verbs, from
ideophones, among other lexical categories. The derived name, unlike the name
primitive, has specific semantic characteristics.
Objectives:
General Objective
Understanding the concept of nominal derivation
Specific objectives
Identify Derivation of the name from another name
Describe nominal loans and criteria for their integration in Mozambican languages
Chapter II
Literature review
Nominal derivation
Derivation is one of the most productive processes in Mozambican languages, if not the
most important. With this process, it is possible to derive names from names, from verbs,
ideophones, among other lexical categories. The derived name, unlike the name
primitive, has specific semantic characteristics. The derived forms from verbs and from
Ideophones, besides presenting the nominal prefix, have the particularity of containing
part of the information from the derivative. Let's take these three categories and show how they
process the nominal derivation:
a) Derivation of the name from another name
Starting from a primitive name, a normal name, one can derive another that takes the name of
derived name. Example: Cinyungwe: Ntima 'heart' wabuino 'kindness'
b) Derivation of the name from verbs
The verb is one of the most permeable lexical categories for nominal derivation. From it
one can derive names from different semantic functions (agentive, instrumental, inventive,
resultative). Examples: Cinyungwe: to walk "andar" traveler
to walk 'the path' what is used to circulate
c) Derivation of the name from ideophones
As previously mentioned, ideophones, one of the most productive lexical categories in
Mozambican languages are a potential source of names in the languages. The ideophone is a
iconic association between a sound and an idea that is built in the minds of the speakers of that language.
Example: Cinyungwe: I believe in the sound idea of a whistle. human being
whistler
d) The localization
In Bantu languages, besides the use of adverbs, there are specific ways to indicate
circumstance of place, time, direction, etc. These forms consist of aggregating, through
from prefixation or suffixation, small particles (morphemes) to names of any class,
emerging, in this way, a new word. Examples:
Cinyungwe: The child is going to school. "The child goes to school." (near the school)
The child is crying. The child is at school.
The child is in school.
Taking into account the specificities of locativization in each Mozambican language, it was presented
Here are minimal general information for consideration on this matter.
Nominal loans and criteria for their integration in Mozambican languages
Loans constitute a way of enriching the vocabulary of a given language and
these languages are no exception. Loans are, in general, words that come from others
languages, close or distant, to enhance the vocabulary of the target language or to
design a new reality among the speakers of the same language.
a) Semantic criterion When a word from any language enters a Bantu language,
the primary concern of speakers of this language is to seek the meaning of the word in question
in order to find the semantic class where to integrate it. Examples from Xichangana and of
Example: Cinyungwe: m'pulanga "eucalyptus"
b) Phonetic criterion observes the phonetic similarity between the initial sound of the new word and another
language and the initial sound of the prefix of one of the nominal classes existing in the Mozambican language
arrival. Examples: Cinyungwe: xinelo 'flip-flop' maxinelo "slippers" (from Port.
slipper
spoon spoons
c) Zero prefix criterion, In certain cases, when a new word enters a language
Mozambican, speakers may not find a semantic class in which they can place it.
to frame and not a possible similarity between the initial sound of this word and the sound of a
prefix of one of the nominal classes existing in the language. Example: bora 'ball' ma-bora
balls
Chapter III
Conclusion
The objective of this section was to analyze the nominal derivation system in Cinyungwe. And with
thus we come to the conclusion that derivation is one of the most productive processes in languages
Mozambicans, if not even the most important. With this process, it is possible to derive names to
derived from nouns, verbs, ideophones, among other lexical categories. The derived name,
differently from the primitive name, has specific semantic characteristics. The derivatives to
starting from verbs and ideophones, besides presenting the nominal prefix, the theme has the
particularity of containing a part of the information of the derivative. Derivation of the name from
another name Starting from a primitive name, a normal name, one can derive another that
takes the name of derived name.
Reference
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