Designing Effective Waste Collection Routes
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ScribdTranslationsDesigning Effective Waste Collection Routes
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ScribdTranslationsRUTEO
It should be analyzed in relation to the whole (macro-routing) and on a smaller scale in relation to
from the collection sector (micro-routing).
In the 'macro', the movements are determined and the times are calculated, between the
sector to serve and the complementary or related sites, namely: garage, workshop,
workers' restaurant and final disposal site.
DESIGN OF MICRO AND MACRO COLLECTION ROUTES.
a. Socioeconomic level of the areas served
b. Per capita generation in kg/hab/day.
c. Population density of residential areas.
d. Number of stops
e. Number of people in the area.
f. Density of in-situ solid waste.
g. Vehicle assigned to the area.
h. Real density obtained by vehicle assigned to
area.
i. Data obtained from time studies and
movements.
MICRORUTEO:
In micro-routing, the route of vehicles within the neighborhood or sector is defined.
to be attended to, establishing a sequence of vehicle movement,
street by street, in such a way that the least of all is always carried out
possible routes, but with total coverage, which minimizes the
time, saving fuel and reducing vehicle wear.
GENERAL GUIDELINES TO CONSIDER WHEN DESIGNING
MICRO-RUTEO
The design of the micro-route should start at the point closest to the garage.
of the vehicle and end at the closest point to the final disposal site of
these
2. Waste located in traffic congestion areas must be collected at
an hour of the day when there are no traffic congestions that delay the
route.
3. The design of the micro-route must minimize U-turns and turns to the
left.
4. The micro-route must promote that the street layout is in the direction
of the clock hands.
5. The micro-route must be continuous, meaning it should contain a series of streets.
without dead zones or overlaps with streets corresponding to other routes.
6. The micro-routes corresponding to the same service area must be in the
It is possible to collect the same number of daily loads, which gives it flexibility.
at your service.
7. One-way streets must be collected from the end back.
so that the truck filling is progressive with the operation of driving
back.
8. Whenever possible, the micro-routes should be designed to start and
they end near high traffic streets. Using topographic barriers and
physical features such as borders of the macroroute.
9. In hilly areas, collection should start at the highest point and
continue downhill while vehicles are loading.
On steep streets, collection will start at the highest point and, if it
both sidewalks must be collected, the driver will travel downhill while the
personal collector loads the truck.
11. In case of collection on both sidewalks, straight routes should be preferred,
with few turns.
12. The driver or crew chief must have a route letter or
pre-established micro-route at the time of starting the services; this must be
susceptible of adapting as the crew discovers better ways to
perform the service (reduction of time and fuel consumption).
Downtime and unproductive travel time should be minimized.
14. Real and future transit.
15. Census of large waste generators.
16. Land uses.
[Link] heights in bridges.
MACROROUTING:
It can be said that macrorouting is the assignment of collection vehicles to various
areas of the city for carrying out the collection.
Macrorouting can be done by starting from a population in an area of the city,
the production of waste in kg. per inhabitant per day and the frequency of the service,
expressed in days per week. The city is divided into several specific areas so that
the collection is easier for waste collection departments.
Requirements for Designing the Macroroutes
The first problem in solid waste collection, particularly of the
macroroutes consist of determining the number of vehicles that should be used given the
generation of waste, the method that will be followed for collection and the possibilities
economic issues of the municipality. The solution can be found by modeling through various
mathematical methods that can establish relationships between capabilities of
collection and the generation of the areas to be collected.
The basic elements that are required are:
A study on solid waste generation, which determines the generation per
household capita, as well as the generation that occurs in other municipal sources.
An updated and detailed map of the city or area to collect
The location of non-domestic waste sources that will be attended to by
the service
Population density data.
Define planimetrically the area to be served, taking into account the plans of
development of each municipality. Service networks must also be defined.
existing public.
Include in the plan the daily tons of solid waste for each household
Oh container, according to the previously established collection system.
chosen.
Subdivide the area into zones that have the same use, for example: residential.
commercial, industrial, etc.