Small family

My family is not very big. There are only four of us: my father, my mother, my
sister, and I. We also have a dog. I am older than my sister, but she
She is taller. We go to school together. I am twelve years old and she is eleven. My parents are
They are called Javier and María. My sister's name is Sara, and I am Luis. We live in a very
pretty.
My father is a banker, and my mother is a housewife. In the morning, we have breakfast.
together in the kitchen. I enjoy having breakfast with my family. Furthermore, in the mornings
I am always hungry. After school, my mother prepares a meal.
delicious. In the afternoon, my mother meets with her friends, and my father plays tennis. My
My sister and I do our homework, and then we watch television. On Fridays,
This afternoon the four of us are going shopping.

My father is tall and blonde, and my mother is dark-haired and thin. My sister likes
meeting with her friends in the park. I have much more fun playing with the
video games at home.

My day
My name is María Pérez and I am nineteen years old. I was born in Málaga, but I live in
Granada. I am a first-year Journalism student. From Monday to Friday I ...
I wake up at seven thirty, have breakfast, and walk to the university.

I enter class at nine and leave at one. At noon, I eat at my house and watch the
television. In the afternoon, I study until seven and then meet up with my friends.

We really like cinema, theater, and music. On Friday nights

we had pizza for dinner and danced at the club. Every Saturday I visit my family in
Málaga.

On Sunday afternoon, I return to Granada and, if it's sunny, I take my dog out for a walk.
walk. I love animals!

My new house
I live in Granada. It is a small city and has very important monuments, such as the
Alhambra. Here the food is delicious and the gazpacho, rebujito, or salmorejo are famous.

My new house is on a wide street and has many trees. The upstairs of my house has three
bedrooms and an office to work. The downstairs has a very large kitchen, a dining room
with a table and six chairs, a living room with two green sofas, a television, and curtains. In addition, it has a
small terrace with pool where I can sunbathe in summer.

I really like my house because I can invite my friends over for dinner or to watch football on my television.
In addition, near my house there are many stores for shopping: bakery, butcher shop or
fish market.
 The park
My name is Pedro and today I want to talk about the park that is next to my house. I
I have fun every day in the park. There I see the pigeons eating and drinking water.
I also see colorful birds in the trees. I go to the park at five o'clock.
In the afternoon, when I finish my school homework. There I see my friend Juan and my
friend Luis. I play hide and seek with them and other very entertaining games. Luis
goes to the park earlier because she has to go to music school to learn
to play the piano.

My father also goes to the park to do sports. He runs for an hour around the
park after work. My mother only goes on weekends because she finishes
afternoon of working. She always sits on the same bench and I play while with
my friends. In the morning I cross the park to go to school, but I don't linger.
to avoid being late to class. On my way to school, I see the park guard and always
give me a strawberry candy.

Irregular verbs are those that, when conjugated, do not follow the standard model ofconjugation
verbaldeceive, fear or leave.
These verbs never modify their root in any of thetimes, modespeople in whom
they may be conjugated.
When is a verb considered irregular?

A verb is irregular because when conjugated in some of its tenses and moods, it undergoes changes.
a modification at its root.

An example would be the verb to fit.

The same, when conjugated in the present subjunctive, its root is altered since
it conjugates like "quepa".

Examples of irregular verbs

Below is a wide range of examples of this type of verbs. First, it shows the
to

I think, we think
to lose
to heat
beginning
to feel
to dream
to lay down
to try
to move
to find
compete
to ask - I ask
I measure
 serve
to be
to follow - I follow
to dress
to please
to lack
to enlarge
to crave
to enrich
to include
distribute
to destroy
to attribute
to exclude
to drive
to seduce
to introduce
to deduce
reduce

Types of irregular verbs.

The classification is based on how the root of the verb is modified:

Verbs with vowel irregularities

They are called that because the modification that the verb undergoes in its root is characterized by being formed
by vowels, which may or may not be diphthongs.
They can occur in the following way:
the ending is unstressed;
the ending is stressed and starts with a, e, o, or a diphthong.

Examples:

to tell
to scrub
to govern
to lose
think

Irregular consonant verbs

This type of irregular verb adds one or more consonants to its conjugation, or is replaced.
one consonant for another. In the technical grammatical language, this change is known
as the phenomenon of epenthesis.
Examples:

to say
to do

Verbs of this type have the common feature of ending, in most cases,
shine,lead air.
Verbs that end in ecer:

sunset
 to go mad
to enrich
to mold
to nightfall

Verbs that end in ducir:

translate - I translate
introduce
deduce
reconduce
to seduce

Verbs that end in aer.

to fall
distract - I distract.
to abstract
extract
to bring

Verbs with mixed irregularities

These are the verbs that exhibit both a consonantal and vocalic irregularity.

Example:

say

A vowel is added, and at the same time, a new consonant that modifies the root.

The verbs with suppletive roots

The verbs with suppletive roots are those that present two or more roots.

Examples:

to go - I will go.

to be - we are, we were.

Defective verbs

They are those verbs that possess an incomplete conjugation.

That is, they are not conjugated in some tenses and persons. Defective verbs are also verbs.
irregulars.

Example:

to rain

Defective verbs are only conjugated in the third person singular.

First type of irregularity.
It is not customary to classify as irregularities two abnormalities of the endings of the
preterite

The change of laieny, between vowels: instead of cre-ió, cre-ieron, cre-iera, cre-iese, cre-iere, it
dice creyó,creyeron,creyera,creyese,creyere;

The absorption of the consonant preceding palatals, such as lall, the

instead of plunged, plunged, plunged, plunging, plunges, it is said: plunge

ó, -eron, -era, -ese, -ere.

Model: to lose, I lose.

The most frequent irregularity of verbs is the change in the root, in the (and sometimes), in the
diphthong and 'y' (and sometimes 'u') in the diphthong occurs only when the syllable is stressed.
waking up for example:

Present indicative

I wake up
You wake up
He wakes up

We wake up

You all wake up

They wake up

Present Subjunctive

Hey .......... wake up

You wake up

He wakes up.

We ... wake up

You all wake up

They wake up.

Present imperative

wake up .......... you

wake up ................ you

Find

Present indicative

I ... tell

You count ...

He counts
We.... count

You all ... count

They ...... tell

Present subjunctive

I ......... counted

You ........ count

He ........ tells

We ... count

you all ... count

They ...... count

Present imperative

you tell ...............

count ..................... you

And the same happens in acquiring: I acquire, you acquire, he/she acquires, they acquire; may I acquire, may you acquire, may he/she acquire,
acquire, acquires. To wipe: I play, you play, he/she plays, they play; play, you play, they play; play. Thus, then the
irregularity occurs in the three tenses (indicative, subjunctive, imperative), and the exceptions are always the
people, us, and you.

Second type of irregularity

Model: serve, I serve, serving.

The accented vowel of the root, if it changes, changes to 'i', and if it changes to 'u'. This happens in the three present tenses.
(indicative, subjunctive, imperative), the same as in the first type. In the present subjunctive (but not
in the other two) it also changes the vowel in the nosotros, vosotros forms.

Present indicative

I serve
You serve
He serves

We ...... serve
You serve
They serve

Present subjunctive

I ............ serve
You ............ serve
He serves

We ...... serve
You all serve
They serve

Present imperative
it works ........... you
serve ........ you

In addition, the vowel of the root is also changed to 'i' whenever it is followed by a diphthong. This occurs in the
pretérito de indicativo,sirvió, sirvieron;en el pretérito imperfecto de subjuntivo,sirvieraosirviese,
you serve, you would serve, etc.; in the future subjunctive, if you serve, if you served, etc., and in the gerund, serving.

The same happens in rotten.

Present indicative

I ................. rot
You rot
He rots.

We could ...
You all could
They are rotting

Present Subjunctive

I .................. powder
You .................. rot
He ................. powder

We rot
You (plural feminine) will rot
They rot.

Present imperative

you stink
rotten ..................... you

And when diphthong follows: in the indicative preterite, it spoiled, they spoiled; in the imperfect preterite of
subjunctive, would rot or would rot, you would rot or you would rot, etc., in the future subjunctive, would rot,
powder boxes, etc., and in the gerund decaying.

Among others, the following verbs are of this type: to tighten, to deduce, to compete, to constrain, to melt, to choose,
to burst, to moan, to swell, to stop, to measure, to ask, to quarrel, to repeat, to follow, to dye, to dress. In those that have
palatal consonant before the ending, such as hencher, to tighten, to constrict, to quarrel, to dye, is absorbed
there, in forms like -ó, -eron, -era, -ese, -ere. Likewise, it is absorbed in those that end in -
to write, to make someone ungrateful, to fry, to laugh, to smile: ri-ó, -eron, -era, -ese, ere (formerly ri-yó, -yeron,
-yera, -yese, -yere.

It would maintain the variant 'to rot', which is conjugated as a regular verb, except for the participle, which is
always rotten.

Ergirse conjugates with the first irregularity (yergo, yergues...) or with the second (irgo, irgues)...

Third type of irregularity

Model: flee, I flee.

The consonant 'y' is added to the radical. Verbs ending in this type of irregularity have this characteristic.
uir,comohuir, argüir, concluir, distribuir, destruir.

Present indicative

I ........... flee
You ........... flee
He flees
We ...... flee
You all ..... house
They flee

Present subjunctive

I am .......... gone
You do not flee
HE .......... ran away
We .... flee
You all ... flee
They ....... hyyan

Present imperative

run ............. you

skin ................... you (plural)

Despite the addition, forms like hu-yó, hu-yera, hu-yese, hu-yendo are not irregular, because in
They belong to the ending and it is nothing more than the vowel that, situated between two vowels, has
consonantized, as incre-yó.

The irregularity occurs only in the three present forms. The persons We, You (plural) are exempt.
the present indicative and in the imperative (we flee, you flee, flee) but not in the subjunctive (let's flee, you all flee).
The same as the second type.

It is given as an exception to involve that should not be conjugated as involving, involving..., but as involve.
miscues ...

Fourth type of irregularity

to be worth

It consists of adding c (with the sound of k) or g to the radical in the first person singular of the present of
indicative and throughout the present subjunctive:

Present indicative

I am worth it.
You are worth it
He is worth

We ... are worth

You all are worth
They are worth...

Present indicative

I look ...
You ......... look
He looks...

We ... shine
You all shine
They look ...

Present indicative

I hear
You hear
He hears
We ... heard
You all hear
They hear.

Present Subjunctive

I ........ worth it
You are worth...
He ......... is worth

We ... are worth

You all ... be worth
They ... are worth

Present subjunctive

I look ...
You ......... shine
He ......... shines

We ... shine
You all shine
They ...... shine

Present subjunctive

Hey ......... hello

You ........ hear
He ......... listen

We ... let us hear

You all ... hear
They ...... listen

be like, conjugate to hold, to come, to put, to go out; like to shine, to bloom (and all those ending in -)
to make happen, to be born, to please, to drive, to reduce, etc.; like to hear, to fall, to bring.

As rustic incorrectness, the form haiga, instead of haya, in the verb haber is considered today.

Fifth type of irregularity

Modelos:poner, puse, decir, dije

In the indicative past tenses, the root is greatly altered and also in the first and third persons.
of the singular takes the accent (as in enpuse, puso; dije, dijo: these pretérites are called strong)
while in theregular verbsthe accent of these two grammatical persons always goes on the
ending (I feared, he feared, I left, he left). This altered root becomes that of the imperfect past and the future.
of the subjunctive. Example: of putting:

Indicative past

I ... put
You put
He put
We ... put
You all put
They ...... put

Subjunctive, imperfect past

I would put
You would put or you might put
He would put or he were to put
We put or we would put
You ... put (subjunctive form)
They would put

Future Subjunctive

I would put
You would put
He would put
We will put ...
You all will put
They ...... will put

The same happens with bring, I brought; say, I said; be able, I could; know, I knew;
to fitverbsending in-
to lead

Sixth type of irregularity

Modelos:hacer, haré; valer, valdré.

Alteration of the future indicative (all) and of the potential (all), due to the loss of a syllable
interior: I will have to fit; I will have to have.

Future

I got angry
You will be able to
He will fit ...
We will fit...
You all will fit
They will fit

Potential

I would fit
You would fit
He would fit
We ... would fit
You all would fit
They would fit

Other forms: to do, I will do; I would do; to have, I will have, I would have; to know, I will know, I would know; to be able to, I will be able to,

podría;de decir,diré, diría.

Among the consonants joined together due to the loss of the ancient, a d appears: to come, I will come.
vendría;de salir,saldré, saldría;de tener,tendré, tendría;de valer,valdré, valdría.

Doldré, doldría, dedolerson are archaic forms today completely out of use. The same I must...
debt of obligation.

In the past, the future of putting, coming, having, wavered between I will put, I will come, I will have.
ternéytendré.

Seventh type of irregularity

come, come
Simplificación del imperativo singular. Devenir, ven; dehacer, haz;desalir, sal;detener, ten;dedecir,
to deposit; to put; to have; formerly to be worth, value.

Eighth type of irregularity

Modelos:imprimir, impreso; romper, roto.

Participles ending in -ven, -to, -cho strong participles, instead of -ado, -ido. Examples: prisoner,
impreso, abierto, cubierto, muerto, revuelto, vuelto, roto, resuelto, escrito, conscripto, visto, puesto,
blessed, said, done.

Manyparticiplesthey have become strongadjectivesor innouns, and the language has given to the
corresponding verbs new participles in -ido: I have been tended, I have been converted
convicted or convinced..

---------------------------------------------------------------------

Regular and irregular verbs

Since Spanish is a flexive language, the conjugated forms of verbs are constructed by inflection.
from a root, which varies in endings according to the mood and the tense and according to whether it belongs to
thefirst conjugation, with the ending -ar (model verb: to love),the second, with ending-
tothe third, with the ending -ir (model verb: to leave).

In this regard, two types of verbs are differentiated:

RegularsThey have uniform conjugations identical to the model verb.

accept, understand, discuss.
IrregularsIts conjugations deviate from the model verb due to changes in the root.
in the ending or in both parts, in one or more of its verb forms. By
to try, to fall, to laugh.

Most of the irregular verbs belong to the second and third conjugations.
Irregularity can be manifested in a vocalic or consonantal alternation.

The endingsrepresentative o–aersons of this group. Variations may occur.

orthographic variations (c/z, c/qu, g/gu), phonetic variations (i/y) and shifts of the stressed syllable.

Types of irregular verbs

Eight groups of irregular verbs are recognized based on which is the mode or modes in which
irregularities appear:

Group 1. In some verb tenses, they change the 'e' for 'i'. For example:measure(I measure,
measured, let’s measure

Group 2. In some verb tenses, they change the meaning. For example:to dream (dream,
they dream
 Group 3. In some verb tenses, the spelling changes.
understand(I understand, you understand)
Group 4. In some verb tenses, consonants change or are added.
ejemplo:salir(salgo, salgamos),crecer(crezcas, crezcamos),reducir(reduje, redujiste)
Group 5. In some verb tenses, they change laeo laipor lad. For
to come (I will come, you will come)

Group 6. In the first person singular in present, they add a y.

example
Group 7. In some verb tenses, they lose a consonant and a vowel. For
example: do (I will do, instead of 'I will do')

Group 8. In some verb tenses, they change. For example:to flee (fled)
let's flee, he/she fled

A special case is constituted by defective or incomplete verbs, which are those that do not present
a completed conjugation that lacks some personal forms or some tense
verbal, as it happens with concern, babble, pertain, be accustomed to, lie or be born.

Some grammarians consider them special cases of irregular verbs.

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