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GLOSSARY
TOPIC ONE: Development of the self on society
assertiveness – knowing what one wants and why and being able to take the
necessary steps to achieve it within a specific context; also enforcing own rights
positively. This refers to the ability to (1) express one’s feelings, needs or desires
openly and directly but in a respectful manner; (2) stand up for one’s beliefs without
putting down others in the process; (3) know what one wants and be able to take the
necessary steps to achieve it within a specific context.
conflict resolution – the ability to handle a hostile situation of friction between
people calmly and peacefully. Disagreement can be normal and healthy, but when it
develops into violence it becomes a problem that needs more careful and calculated
handling. Conflict resolution aims to use mutual respect and consideration to reduce
or eliminate destructive confrontation.
coping with emotions – coping refers to the ability to manage or deal effectively
with a situation or a problem. Emotions are mental or instinctive feelings in response
to internal or external stimuli. Emotions may be considered positive or negative.
Regardless of their nature, they can be destructive if poorly handled or constructive if
adequately managed.
coping with stress – the effective management of a situation that weighs heavily on
a person’s mental capabilities as a result of increased physical or emotional
pressures. Stress refers to a condition of increased activity in the body that
overwhelms the individual beyond what their mental capacity can handle.
effective communication – the ability to express oneself clearly and appropriately
during interactions with other people in any given circumstances. Verbal or non-
verbal communication is the essence of human relationships.
emotional literacy – the capacity for recognising our own feelings and those of
others, for motivating ourselves and for managing emotions in ourselves and in our
relationships well. It is the capacity to love oneself and others while developing
honesty and the ability to take responsibility for own actions
gender: the characteristics that society expects people to have, based on their sex.
lifestyle disease – it is usually associated with poor diet, smoking, substance abuse
and lack of exercise or it is brought about by unhealthy habits and /or behaviour
/unhealthy living.
negative stress - is the stress that makes you feel unable to cope with the pressure
of the stressors negatively affecting relationships
obesity: when someone is excessively fat in a way that it is unhealthy OR a complex
disease involving an excessive amount of body fat that increases your risk of other
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diseases and health problems, such as heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure
and certain
patriarchy: a social system in which men have all the power and control at all levels
of society, from family life to all forms of leadership and authority.
personal lifestyle plan: a strategy to live in a specific way OR a personal plan that
helps you set goals that you want to achieve.
positive stress – is the stress that motivates you, encourages you and makes you
push yourself.
sedentary lifestyle: a lifestyle that involves sitting or lazing / lying down for a long
period of time.
sexting – the exchange of self-generated sexually explicit images, through mobile
picture message or webcams over the internet.
TOPIC TWO: Democracy and Human Rights
affirmative action- giving working opportunities to those from previously
disadvantaged/ designated groups (black people, women and the disabled) first to
redress the imbalances of the past or measures intended to ensure that suitably
qualified employees from previously disadvantaged/designated groups (black people,
women and the disabled) have equal employment opportunity and are equitably
represented in all occupational categories and levels of the work force.
censorship: a work-based learning programme that leads to a National Qualifications
Framework (NQF) registered qualification.
discrimination – is the unjust/unfair/unequal treatment of others because they are
from a different race/ethnicity/gender/sexual orientation/religion/or other
electronic media - are virtual media that are viewed through videos and online
articles OR it is any media that is powered by electricity or batteries, such as the
Internet and e-mails, websites, blogs, Facebook, Twitter, radio, TV, films and DVDs.
ideology – the doctrines, opinions, or way of thinking of a person, group, or nation;
sets, constellations and systems of ideas based on superiority/inferiority or a set of
beliefs and values which strongly influences people's world views OR
various ways in which people may view particular information based on heir own
outlook on or experiences in life.
investigative journalists - term is used to describe journalists who aim to
find information that is normally hidden from the public.
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print media - are media that are viewed through print resources, such as
newspapers, magazines, pamphlets, brochures, posters and billboards.
redress: A method included in the South African labour law to correct the
injustices experienced by previous disadvantaged groups in the past.
stereotype – a fixed idea or impression that people hold of a specific group of
people. It happens when certain characteristics of specific people are generalised to
an entire group, not making allowances for differences and individuality within that
group.
tax obligation:
having a duty to pay tax if you are receiving any form of taxable income OR
paying your entire tax as specified for you and not cheating on tax returns in an attempt
to avoid your tax responsibility.
transparency – being open and fair in everything, nothing is hidden.
worldview – the deep cultural influence of religion, beliefs and values OR various ways
in which people may view particular information based on their own outlook on or
experiences in life
xenophobia – specific form of discrimination/prejudice/hatred/dislike against /of
foreign nationals/strangers or hatred or fear of foreigners or strangers
TOPIC THREE: Social and environmental responsibility
activist: a person who campaigns to bring about social, political and environmental
change in society. Also refer to as a social reformer.
by-laws: a law which is made by a local authority (municipality) and which applies only
in their area.
disaster: a sudden accident or natural tragedy that causes great damage or loss of
life/limbs/property OR a sudden devastating event that seriously disrupts the functioning
of society OR
a serious disruption occurring over a short time, leading to great suffering/injury OR
an event that results in great harm/damage/death/serious difficulty/ suffering.
environmental justice: the fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people
regardless of race, color, national origin, or income, with respect to the development,
implementation, and enforcement of environmental laws, regulations, and policies.
impact study - the research conducted to determine the success of an
intervention programme.
intervention strategy is a combination of elements or strategies designed to
produce changes and improve the conditions among individuals or an entire
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population. It includes services provided by the government to reduce economic
inequalities and promote social welfare. A strategy to remediate or prevent a social
risk or challenge.
intervention programme: is an action taken to improve certain situations /
conditions in communities/nationally/globally OR a combination of
elements/strategies to produce behavioural changes / improve situations in a
community / country or situation OR addresses specific and serious / urgent/ critical
issues within the community in an effort to improve.
mission statement - formal summary of the aims and values of an individual,
company or organisation. (to which all employees can subscribe) OR
a summary of your values, belief system and how you relate to the world.
social responsibility means that individuals and companies have a duty to act in
the best interests of their environment and society as a whole.
values: it refers to how I live my life and what I consider to be important.
vision: something that you imagine, a picture that you see in your mind which makes
you work hard to achieve success in all aspects of life.
TOPIC FOUR: Career and Career choices
bribery: an attempt to make someone do something for you by giving the person money,
presents, or something else that they want / the crime of giving someone money or
something else of value, often illegally, to persuade that person to do something you want.
cronyism: the appointment of friends and associates to positions of authority, without
proper regard to their qualifications. (especially in political appointments)
embezzlement: refer to theft or misappropriation of funds placed in one's trust or
belonging to one's employer.
entrepreneurship – It is a business venture that is committed to turning an idea into a
profitable business / The capacity and willingness to develop/organize/manage a
business venture along with any of its risks in order to make a profit.
fraud - wrong or criminal deception intended to result in financial gain.
informal job – those jobs that are not registered with the Department of
Labour/South African Revenue Service (SARS) or the jobs that fall outside the formal
economy or the jobs that fall in the informal sector of the economy.
internship: a programme designed to give graduates structured workplace exposure
and specialised training
job contract: terms and conditions of employment, benefits and company
policies and procedures learnership: a work-based learning programme that leads to a
National Qualifications Framework (NQF) registered qualification.
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job shadowing: is where an individual has the opportunity to work alongside and
gain experience of the role of another individual, and gain an insight into that
particular work area, it allows you to explore specific careers and to get a realistic
picture of the tasks performed for that job
labour unions: organisations that work to protect and promote the rights of workers.
nepotism: The practice among those with power or influence of favouring/benefitting
relatives/family or friends, especially by giving them jobs or position of authority without
the relevant qualifications.
online recruitment - when companies/organisations use Internet technology/web-based
tools to advertise vacant posts on the web to target online job seekers.
organised labour: it refers to
an association of workers that engages in collective bargaining to improve workers'
economic status/working conditions OR
a group of unions/trade unionists/workplace forums/activities of workers in trade and
industry OR
assuring improvements in working conditions through their collective action.
probation or a trial period (in context of a career): a period of evaluating their
workers’ performance to assess their suitability for a position.
recession or economic depression: an economic cycle during which job losses
occur, fewer or no jobs are created and there is a drop-in commercial activity in a
country.
retrenching: laying an employee off because their job has changed or disappeared,
or because the employer must cut the number of staff in order to stay in business.
trade unions: organisations that represent workers’ interest.
transparent (context of corruption and fraud) - there must be openness and
fairness with regard to finances and appointments so that there is no dishonesty and
all business are done fairly and openly.
unemployment – not being currently employed but actively seeking for a job
vocation: it refers to a strong ...
aptitude/sense of suitability for a particular career/occupation. OR
inclination/liking/urge to follow a particular career path. OR
calling to pursue a particular career/job/profession/occupation.
volunteering – freely offer to do something; offer one’s services OR a voluntary act of
an individual or group freely giving time and labour for community service.
work ethics - a set of principles and norms which guides an employee's behaviour
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whistle-blower/informant - a person who reports illegal activities in any
sector of society
TOPIC FIVE: Study Skills
creative thinking – the ability to think of and explore the possibilities of doing a task
or dealing with a problem in more than one way. It may involve coming up with a new
idea or trying out a new or more challenging way of doing a task or approaching a
problem/creative thinking is to generate new ideas to solve a problem.
critical thinking – the ability to think through situations adequately, weighing up the
advantages and disadvantages so as to be able to make appropriate decisions
concerning one’s own or other people’s environment / it involves making judgement
of the causes of a problem.
criticise/critique/ evaluate/critically analyse (as an examination writing skill) -
examination writing skill that is used to make judgements that will show your
understanding and analysis of a topic.
mnemonics: A study skill where one uses rhymes, phrases, acronyms or songs to
help one to remember information.
school based assessment: a compulsory component done on a continuous basis to
form part of the final promotion mark for all candidates registered for the National Senior
Certificate (NSC).
scanning – involves reading something quickly to get a general idea
skimming -- involves reading something quickly to get the main idea, without paying
attention to the details
study strategy – the way a learner chooses to approach a specific task in view of
the perceived demands of the task. A study strategy results from a study style.
study style – characterisation of a learner’s preferred way of approaching tasks
TOPIC SIX: Physical Education
agility: a physical fitness skill described as the ability and control body position and
movements
aerobic activity: Any sustained exercise that stimulates and strengthens the heart
and lungs improving the body’s use of oxygen.
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body composition - amount of fat mass compared to lean muscle mass, bone and
organs.
cardiovascular endurance - the heart and lungs work together to provide oxygen
and fuel to the body during sustained activity.
endurance as used in physical activities- it refers to the ability of the muscles to
function over a long period of time.
fitness: is a measure of the amount of physical capability rather than a measure of
well-being / it is a result of physical action / good physical condition resulting from
exercise and proper nutrition.
fitness log: A written record of fitness activities.
flexibility - the ability of each joint to move through the available range of motion
for a specific joint by stretching the muscle.
muscular strength – is the amount of force a muscle can produce.
muscle endurance – the ability of a muscle group to perform at their maximum for
long periods of time.