STRING WAVE

120 String Wave

 PART - I : SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
SECTION (A) : EQUATION OF TRAVELLING WAVE (INCLUDING SINE WAVE)

A 1. Consider the wave y = (10 mm) sin [(5 cm–1) x – (60 s–1) t + ]. Find (a) the amplitude (b) the wave number
4
(c) the wavelength (d) the frequency (e) the time period and (f) the wave velocity (g) phase constant of SHM
of praticle at x = 0.
A 2. The string shown in figure is driven at a frequency of 5.00 Hz. The amplitude y

of the motion is 12.0 cm, and the wave speed is 20.0 m/s. Furthermore, the
wave is such that y = 0 at x = 0 and t = 0. Determine (a) the angular frequency x

and (b) wave number for this wave (c) Write an expression for the wave function.
Calculate (d) the maximum transverse speed and (e) the maximum transverse x=0

acceleration of a point on the string.

A 3. The sketch in the figure shows displacement time curve of a sinusoidal wave at x = 8 m. Taking velocity of
wave v = 6m/s along positive x-axis, write the equation of the wave.

A 4. A transverse wave is travelling along a string from left to right. The fig. represents
the shape of the string (snap-shot) at a given instant. At this instant
(a) which points have an upward velocity
(b) which points have downward velocity
(c) which points have zero velocity
(d) which points have maximum magnitude of velocity.

SECTION (B) : SPEED OF A WAVE ON A STRING

B 1. A piano string having a mass per unit length equal to 5.00 × 10–3 kg/m is under a tension of 1350 N. Find the
speed with which a wave travels on this string.
B 2. In the arrangement shown in figure, the string has mass of 5 g. How much time will it take for a transverse
disturbance produced at the floor to reach the pulley A ? Take g = 10 m/s 2.

B 3. A uniform rope of length 20 m and mass 8 kg hangs vertically from a rigid support. A block of mass 2 kg is
attached to the free end of the rope. A transverse pulse of wavelength 0.06 m is produced at the lower end of
the rope. What is the wavelength of the pulse when it reaches the top of the rope?
B 4. A particle on a stretched string supporting a travelling wave, takes minimum time 5.0 ms to move from its
mean position to the mean position. The distance between two consecutive particles, which are at their
mean positions, is 2.0 cm. Find the frequency, the wavelength and the wave speed.
B 5. Two wires of different densities but same area of cross-section are soldered together at one end and are
stretched to a tension T. The velocity of a transverse wave in the first wire is half of that in the second wire.
Find the ratio of the density of the first wire to that of the second wire.

String Wave 121

B 6. A 4.0 kg block is suspended from the ceiling of an elevator through a string having a linear mass density of
1.6 × 10–3 kg/m. Find (a) speed (with respect to the string) with which a wave pulse can proceed on the string
if the elevator accelerates up at the rate of 6 m/s2. (b) In part (a) at some instant speed of lift is 40 m/s in
upward direction, then speed of the wave pulse with respect to ground at that instant is (Take g = 10 m/s 2)

SECTION (C) : POWER TRANSMITTED ALONG THE STRING

C 1. A 6.00 m segment of a long string has a mass of 180 g. A high-speed photograph shows that the segment
contains four complete cycles of a wave. The string is vibrating sinusoidally with a frequency of 50.0 Hz and
a peak-to-valley displacement of 15.0 cm. (The “peak-to-valley” displacement is the vertical distance from the
farthest positive displacement to the farthest negative displacement.) (a) Write the function that describes
this wave traveling in the positive x direction. (b) Determine the average power being supplied to the string.
C 2. A transverse wave of amplitude 5 mm and frequency 10 Hz is produced on a wire stretched to a tension of
100 N. If the wave speed is 100 m/s, what average power is the source transmitting to the wire? (2 = 10)

SECTION (D) : INTERFERENCE, REFLECTION, TRANSMISSION

2
D 1. The equation of a plane wave travelling along positive direction of x-axis is y = asin
(t – x) When this

wave is reflected at a rigid surface and its amplitude becomes 80%, then find the equation of the
reflected wave
D 2. A series of pulses, each of amplitude 0.150 m, are sent on a string that is attached to a wall at one end. The
pulses are reflected at the wall and travel back along the string without loss of amplitude. When two waves
are present on the same string. The net displacement of a given point is the sum of the displacements of the
individual waves at the point. What is the net displacement at point on the string where two pulses are
crossing, (a) if the string is rigidly attached to the post ? (b) If the end at which reflection occurs is free to
slide up and down?
D 3. Two waves, each having a frequency of 100 Hz and a wavelength of 2 cm, are travelling in the same direction
on a string. What is the phase difference between the waves (a) if the second wave was produced 10 m sec
later than the first one at the same place (b) if the two waves were produced at a distance 1 cm behind the
second one? (c) If each of the waves has an amplitude of 2.0 mm, what would be the amplitudes of the
resultant waves in part (a) and (b) ?

SECTION (E) : STANDING WAVES AND RESONANCE

E 1. What are (a) the lowest frequency (b) the second lowest frequency and (c) the third lowest frequency for
standing waves on a wire that is 10.0 m long has a mass of 100 g and is stretched under a tension of 25 N
which is fixed at both ends ?

E 2. A nylon guitar string has a linear density of 7.20 g/m and is under a tension of D
150 N. The fixed supports are distance D = 90.0 cm apart. The string is
oscillating in the standing wave pattern shown in figure. Calculate the (a) speed.
(b) wavelength and (c) frequency of the traveling waves whose superposition
gives this standing wave.
E 3. The length of the wire shown in figure between the pulleys is 1.5 m and its
mass is 15 g. Find the frequency of vibration with which the wire vibrates in
four loops leaving the middle point of the wire between the pulleys at rest.
(g = 10 m/s2)
E 4. A string oscillates according to the equation
  1  
y’ = (0.50 cm) sin  cm  x  cos [(40  s–1)t].
 3  
What are the (a) amplitude and (b) speed of the two waves (identical except for direction of travel) whose
superposition gives this oscillation? (c) what is the distance between nodes? (d) What is the transverse
9
speed of a particle of the string at the position x = 1.5 cm when t = s ?
8
122 String Wave
E 5. A string vibrates in 4 loops with a frequency of 400 Hz .
(a) What is its fundamental frequency ?
(b) What frequency will cause it to vibrate into 7 loops .
E 6. The vibration of a string of length 60 cm is represented by the equation,
y = 3 cos (x/20) cos (72t) where x & y are in cm and t in sec.
(i) Write down the component waves whose superposition gives the above wave.
(ii) Where are the nodes and antinodes located along the string.
(iii) What is the velocity of the particle of the string at the position x = 5 cm & t = 0.25 sec.

PART - II : OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

* Marked Questions may have more than one correct option.
SECTION (A) : EQUATION OF TRAVELLING WAVE (INCLUDING SINE WAVE)
A 1. For the wave shown in figure, the equation for the wave, travelling
along +x axis with velocity 350 ms –1 when its position at t = 0
is as shown
314 379
(A) 0.05 sin ( x – 27475 t) (B) 0.05 sin ( x – 27475 t)
4 5

314 289
(C) 1 sin ( x – 27475 t) (D) 0.05 sin ( x + 27475 t)
4 5

A 2. The displacement of a wave disturbance propagating in the positive x-direction is given by y = 1/(1 + x 2)
at time t = 0 and y = 1/[1 + (x – 1) 2] at t = 2 seconds where x and y are in meters. The shape of the wave
disturbance does not change during the propagation. The velocity of the wave is [JEE - 90]
(A) 2.5 m/s (B) 0.25 m/s (C) 0.5 m/s (D) 5 m/s
A 3. A transverse wave is described by the equation Y = Y0 sin 2 (ft – x/). The maximum particle velocity
is equal to four times the wave velocity if [JEE - 84]
(A)  =  Y0/4 (B)  =  Y0/2 (C)  =  Y0 (D)  = 2 Y0

A 4. A travelling wave on a string is given by y = A sin [x +  t + ]. If  = 0.56 /cm,  = 12/sec, A = 7.5 cm,
6
then find the position and velocity of particle at x = 1 cm and t = 1s is
(A) 4.6 cm, 46.5 cm s –1 (B) 3.75 cm, 77.94 cm s–1
(C) 1.76 cm, 7.5 cm s –1
(D) 7.5 cm, 75 cm s –1
A 5. A transverse wave of amplitude 0.50m, wavelength 1m and frequency 2 Hz is propagating on a string in the
negative x-direction. The expression of the wave is [REE - 89]
(A) y(x, t) = 0.5 sin (2x – 4t) (B) y(x, t) = 0.5 cos (2x + 4t)
(C) y(x, t) = 0.5 sin (x – 2t) (D) y(x, t) = 0.5 cos (2x – 2t)
A 6. Both the strings, shown in figure, are made of same material and have same cross-section. The pulleys are
light. The wave speed of a transverse wave in the string AB is v1 and in CD it is v2. The v1/v2 is

1
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 2 (D)
2

String Wave 123

A 7. Three blocks I, II, & III having mass of 1.6 kg, 1.6 kg and 3.2 kg respectively are connected as shown in the
figure. The linear mass density of the wire AB, CD and DE are 10 g/m, 8 g/m and 10 g/m respectively. The
speed of a transverse wave pulse produced in AB, CD and DE are : (g = 10 m/sec 2)

(A) 80 m/s, 20 10 m/s, 40 m/s (B) 20 10 m/s, 40 m/s, 80 m/s

(C) 20 10 m/s in all (D) 80 m/s in all

A 8. Three consecutive flash photographs of a travelling wave on a string are reproduced in the figure here.
The following observations are made. Mark the one which is correct. (Mass per unit length of the string
= 3 g/cm.)7mplitude of the wave is 0.5 m, wavelength is 2 m, wave speed is 2.5 m/s and the frequency
of the driving force is 0.2/s.
A 9. A heavy ball is suspended from the ceiling of a motor car through a light string. A transverse pulse travels at
a speed of 50 cm/s on the string when the car is at rest and 52 cm/s when the car accelerates on a horizontal
road. Then acceleration of the car is : (Take g = 10 m/s2.)
(A) 2.7 m/s2 (B) 3.7 m/s2 (C) 2.4 m/s2 (D) 4.1 m/s2
A 10. Two small boats are 10m apart on a lake. Each pops up and down with a period of 4.0 seconds due to
wave motion on the surface of water. When one boat is at its highest point, the other boat is at its
lowest point. Both boats are always within a single cycle of the waves. The speed of the waves is :
(A) 2.5 m/s (B) 5.0 m/s (C) 14 m/s (D) 40 m/s
A 11*. The plane wave represented by an equation of the form y = f(x – v t) implies the propagation along the
positive x-axis without change of shape with constant velocity v :

y  y  y  2y  2y  2y  2y  2y 

 v     v    v 2  2   v2  2 
(A) (B) t  x 2  (C)  x  (D)  x 
t  x    t 2   t 2  

A 12. A wave pulse is generated in a string that lies along x-axis. At the points A and B, as shown in figure,
if RA and RB are ratio of wave speed to the particle speed respectively then :

(A) RA > RB (B) RB > RA

(C) R A = RB (D) Information is not sufficient to decide.
A 13. Wave pulse on a string shown in figure is moving to the right
without changing shape. Consider two particles at positions
x 1 = 1.5 m and x2 = 2.5 m. Their transverse velocities at the
moment shown in figure are along directions :
(A) positive y–axis and positive y–axis respectively
(B) negative y–axis and positive y–axis respectively
(C) positive y–axis and negative y–axis respectively
(D) negative y–axis and negative y–axis respectively

124 String Wave

A 14*. A wave equation which gives the displacement along the Y direction is given by
y = 10–4 sin (60t + 2x)
where x and y are in meters and t is time in seconds. This represents a wave [JEE - 82]
(A) travelling with a velocity of 30 m/s in the negative x direction
(B) of wavelength  meter
(C) of frequency 30/ hertz
(D) of amplitude 10–4 meter travelling along the negative x direction.
A 15*. The displacement of a particle in a medium due to a wave travelling in the x-direction through the
medium is given by y = A sin(t –  x), where t = time, and  and  are constants :
(A) the frequency of the wave is  (B) the frequency of the wave is /2
(C) the wavelength is 2/ (D) the velocity of the wave is /
A 16. An observer standing at the sea-coast observes 54 waves reaching the coast per minute. If the wavelength
of wave is 10m, The velocity. of wave is [REE - 79]
(A) 19 m/sec (B) 29 m/sec (C) 9 m/sec (D) 39 m/sec

SECTION (B) : POWER TRANSMITTED ALONG THE STRING

B 1. A wave moving with constant speed on a uniform string passes the point x = 0 with amplitude A0,
angular frequency 0 and average rate of energy transfer P0. As the wave travels down the string it
P0
gradually loses energy and at the point x = , the average rate of energy transfer becomes . At the
2
point x = , angular frequency and amplitude are respectively :
(A) 0 and A0/ 2 (B) 0/ 2 and A0 (C) less than 0 and A0 (D) 0/ 2 and A0 / 2

B 2. A sinusoidal wave with amplitude ym is travelling with speed V on a string with linear density . The
angular frequency of the wave is . The following conclusions are drawn. Mark the one which is correct.
(A) doubling the frequency doubles the rate at which energy is carried along the string
(B) if the amplitude were doubled, the rate at which energy is carried would be halved
(C) if the amplitude were doubled, the rate at which energy is carried would be doubled
(D) the rate at which energy is carried is directly proportional to the velocity of the wave.
B 3. Sinusoidal waves 5.00 cm in amplitude are to be transmitted along a string having a linear mass
density equal to 4.00 × 10–2 kg/m. If the source can deliver a average power of 90 W and the string is
under a tension of 100 N, then the highest frequency at which the source can operate is (take 2 = 10):
(A) 45 Hz (B) 50 Hz (C) 30 Hz (D) 62 Hz
B 4. The average power transmitted through a given point on a string supporting a sine wave is. 0.40 watt
when the amplitude of wave is 2 mm. What average power will transmitted through this point its amplitude
is increased to 4 mm.
(A) 0.40 watt (B) 0.80 watt (C) 1.2 watt (D) 1.6 watt

SECTION (C) : INTERFERENCE, REFLECTION, TRANSMISSION

C 1. When two waves of the same amplitude and frequency but having a phase difference of , travelling
with the same speed in the same direction (positive x), meets at a point then.
(A) their resultant amplitude will be twice that of a single wave but the frequency will be same
(B) their resultant amplitude and frequency will both be twice that of a single wave
(C) their resultant amplitude will depend on the phase angle while the frequency will be the same
(D) the frequency and amplitude of the resultant wave will depend upon the phase angle.
C 2. The rate of transfer of energy in a wave depends
(A) directly on the square of the wave amplitude and square of the wave frequency
(B) directly on the square of the wave amplitude and square root of the wave frequency
(C) directly on the wave frequency and square of the wave amplitude
(D) directly on the wave amplitude and square of the wave frequency

String Wave 125

C 3. Two waves of amplitude A1, and A2 respectively and equal frequency travels towards same point. The amplitude
of the resultant wave is
(A) A1 + A2 (B) A1 – A2 (C) between A1 + A2 and A1 – A2 (D) Can not say
C 4. A wave pulse, travelling on a two piece string, gets partially reflected and partially transmitted at the junction.
The reflected wave is inverted in shape as compared to the incident one. If the incident wave has speed v and
the transmitted wave v,
(A) v > v (B) v = v
(C) v < v (D) nothing can be said about the relation of v and v.
C 5. The effects are produced at a given point in space by two waves described by the equations, y1 = ym
sin t and y2 = ym sin (t + ) where ym is the same for both the waves and  is a phase angle. Tick the
incorrect statement among the following.
(A) the maximum intensity that can be achieved at a point is twice the intensity of either wave and
occurs if  = 0
(B) the maximum intensity that can be achieved at a point is four times the intensity of either wave and
occurs if  = 0
(C) the maximum amplitude that can be achieved at the point its twice the amplitude of either wave and
occurs at  = 0
(D) When the intensity is zero, the net amplitude is zero, and at this point  = .
C 6. The following figure depicts a wave travelling in a medium. Which pair of particles are in phase.

(A) A and D (B) B and F (C) C and E (D) B and G

C 7. Three waves of equal frequency having amplitudes 10 m, 4 m and 7 m arrive at a given point with a
successive phase difference of /2. The amplitude of the resulting wave is m in given by
(A) 7 (B) 6 (C) 5 (D) 4

SECTION (D) : STANDING WAVES AND RESONANCE

D 1. A wave represented by the equation y = a cos(kx  t) is superposed with another wave to form a
stationary wave such that the point x = 0 is a node . The equation for other wave is : [JEE - 88]
(A) a sin (kx + t) (B) a cos(kx + t) (C) a cos(kx  t) (D) a sin(kx  t)
D 2. A stretched sonometer wire resonates at a frequency of 350 Hz and at the next higher frequency of 420
Hz. The fundamental frequency of this wire is
(A) 350 Hz (B) 5 Hz (C) 70 Hz (D) 170 Hz
D 3. Equations of a stationary wave and a travelling wave are y1 = a sinkx cos t and y2 = a sin (t – kx). The phase
 3
difference between two points x1 = and x2 = is 1 for the first wave and 2 for the second wave. The
3k 2k

1
ratio  is :
2
(A) 1 (B) 5/6 (C) 3/4 (D) 6/7
D 4. Two stretched wires A and B of the same lengths vibrate independently. If the radius, density and tension of
wire A are respectively twice those of wire B, then the fundamental frequency of vibration of A relative to that
of B is [REE - 90]
(A) 1 : 1 (B) 1 : 2 (C) 1 : 4 (D) 1 : 8
D 5. A steel wire of mass 4.0 g and length 80 cm is fixed at the two ends. The tension in the wire is 50 N. The
wavelength of the fourth harmonic of the fundamental will be :
(A) 80 cm (B) 60 cm (C) 40 cm (D) 20 cm

126 String Wave

D 6*. The displacement of particles in a string stretched in xdirection is represented by y . Among the
following expressions for y , those describing wave motion are : [JEE - 87, 2]
(A) cos (kx) sin(t) (B) k²x²  ²t² (C) cos² (kx + t) (D) cos (k²x²  ²t²)
D 7. One end of two wires of the same metal and of same length (with radius, r and 2r) are joined together.
The wire is used as sonometer wire and the junction is placed in between two bridges. The tension T is
applied to the wire. If at a junction a node is formed then the ratio of number of loops formed in the wires
will be: [JEE - 85]
(A) 1 : 2 (B) 2 : 3 (C) 3 : 4 (D) 4 : 5
D 8. In a stationary wave represented by y = a sin t cos kx, amplitude of the component progressive wave is
a
(A) (B) a (C) 2a (D) None of these
2

PART - III : ASSERTION / REASONING

1. STATEMENT-1 : In a small segment of string carrying sinusoidal wave, total energy is conserved.
STATEMENT-2 : Every small part moves in SHM and total energy of SHM is conserved.
(A) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement-2 is a correct explanation for Statement-1.
(B) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement-2 is NOT a correct explanation for Statement-1
(C) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is False
(D) Statement-1 is False, Statement-2 is True
2. STATEMENT-1 : Two waves moving in a uniform string having uniform tension cannot have different
velocities.
STATEMENT-2 : Elastic and inertial properties of string are same for all waves in same string. Moreover
speed of wave in a string depends on its elastic and inertial properties only.
(A) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement-2 is a correct explanation for Statement-1.
(B) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement-2 is NOT a correct explanation for Statement-1
(C) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is False
(D) Statement-1 is False, Statement-2 is True

PART - I : SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

1. A transverse sinusoidal wave is generated at one end of a long, horizontal string by a bar that moves up
and down through a distance of 1.00 cm . The motion is continuous and is repeated regularly 120 times
per second. The string has linear density 90 gm/m and is kept under a tension of 900 N. Find :
(a) the maximum value of the transverse speed u
(b) the maximum value of the transverse component of the tension
(c) What is the transverse displacement y when this maximum value of the tension occurs ?
(d) What is the maximum power transferred along the string .
(e) What is the transverse displacement y when this maximum power transfer occur
(f) What is the minimum power transfer along the string
(g) What is the transverse displacement y when the minimum power transfer occurs
[ Leave the answer in terms of  wherever it occurs ]
2. The wave function for a traveling wave on a taut string is (in SI units)
y(x, t) = (0.350 m) sin (10t – 3x + /4)
(a) What are the speed and direction of travel of the wave ?
(b) What is the vertical displacement of the string at t = 0, x = 0.100 m ? (sin 9º = 0.156)
(c) What are wavelength and frequency of the wave ?
(d) What is the maximum magnitude of the transverse speed of a particle of the string ?
3. (a) Write the expression for y as a function of x and t for a sinusoidal wave traveling along a rope in the
negative x direction with the following characteristics : A = 8.00 cm,  = 80.0 cm, f = 3.00 Hz, and
y(0, t) = 0 at t = 0. (b) Write the expression for y as a function of x and t for the wave in part (a) assuming that
y(x, 0) = 0 at the point x = 10.0 cm.

String Wave 127

4. A nonuniform rope of mass M and length L has a variable linear mass density given by = kx, where
x is the distance from one end of the wire and k is a constant .
(a) Show that M = kL2/2 .
(b) Show that the time required for a pulse generated at one end of the wire to travel to the other
end is given by t = (8ML / 9F) where F (constant)is the tension in the wire.

5. A wire of 9.8 x 103 kg per meter mass passes over a frictionless pulley fixed on the top of an inclined
frictionless plane which makes an angle of 30° with the horizontal. Masses M1 & M2 are tied at the two
ends of the wire. The mass M1 rests on the plane and the mass M2 hangs freely vertically downwards.
The whole system is in equilibrium. Now a transverse wave propagates along the wire with a velocity of
100 m/sec. Find the value of masses M1 & M2 . [REE - 93, 4]

6. Figure shows a string of linear mass density 1.0 g/cm on which a wave pulse is travelling. Find the time
taken by the pulse in travelling through a distance of 60 cm on the string. Take g = 10 m/s 2.

7. A 200 Hz wave with amplitude 1 mm travels on a long string of linear mass density 6 g/m kept under a tension
of 60 N. (a) Find the average power transmitted across a given point on the string. (b) Find the total energy
associated with the wave in a 2.0 m long portion of the string.
8. A standing wave is produced in a steel wire of mass 100 gm tied to two fixed supports at its ends. The
length of the string is 2 m & strain in it is 0.4 %. The string vibrates in four loops. Assuming one end of
the string to be at x = 0, all particles to be at rest at t = 0 and maximum amplitude to be 3 mm, find :
(a) Wavelength & frequency of the wave .
(b) Equation of the standing wave .
(c) Equation of the travelling waves whose superposition is the given standing wave. Also find the
velocity of these travelling waves.
(d) Maximum kinetic energy of the wire .
[Given : density of steel =4 x 10 3 kg/m 3, young’s modulus of steel =1.6 x 1011N/m 2 ]
9. A uniform horizontal rod of length 40 cm and mass 1.2 kg is supported by two
identical wires as shown in figure. Where should a mass of 4.8 kg be placed on the
rod so that the same tuning fork may excite the wire on left into its fundamental
vibrations and that on right into its first overtone? Take g = 10 m/s 2.
10. A string 120 cm in length and fixed at both ends sustains a standing wave, with the consecutive points of the
string at which the displacement amplitude is equal to 3.5 mm (not maximum) being separated by 15.0 cm.
Find the maximum displacement amplitude. To which overtone do these oscillations correspond ?
11. Three consecutive resonant frequencies of a string are 90, 150 and 210 Hz. (a) Find the possible fundamental
frequency of vibration of this string. Using part (a) and above information answer the following parts. (b) Which
harmonics of the fundamental are the given frequencies ? (c) Which overtone are these frequencies. (d) If the
length of the string is 80 cm, what would be the speed of a transverse wave on this string ?
12. Figure shows a string stretched by a block going over a pulley. The string
vibrates in its tenth harmonic in resonance with a particular tuning fork. When
a beaker containing water is brought under the block so that the block is
completely dipped into the beaker, the string vibrates in its eleventh harmonic.
Find the density of the material of the block. (node is formed at the pulley)
13. A steel wire of length 1 meter, mass 0.1 kg and uniform cross sectional area 10–6 m 2 is rigidly fixed at
both ends. The temperature of the wire is lowered by 20ºC. If transverse waves are setup by plucking
the string in the middle, calculate the frequency of the fundamental mode of vibration. Young's modulus
of steel = 2 × 1011 N/m 2, coefficient of linear expansion of steel = 1.21 × 10–5/ºC. [JEE - 84]

128 String Wave

14. Figure shows an aluminium wire of length 60 cm joined to a steel wire of
80cm 60cm
length 80 cm and stretched between two fixed supports. The tension produced
Steel Aluminium
is 40 N. The cross-sectional area of the steel wire is 1.0 mm 2 and that of the
aluminium wire is 3.0 mm2. What could be the minimum frequency of a tuning
fork which can produce standing waves in the system with the joint as a
node? The density of aluminium is 2.6 g/cm 3 and that of steel is 7.8 g/cm 3.
15. A heavy string is tied at one end to a movable support and to a light thread at the other end as shown in figure.
The thread goes over a fixed pulley and supports a weight to produce a tension. The lowest frequency with
which the heavy string resonates is 120 Hz. If the movable support is pushed to the right by 20 cm so that the
joint is placed on the pulley, what will be the minimum frequency at which the heavy string can resonate?

16. A string of length 2L fixed at both ends vibrates in its fundamental mode at a frequency f and a maximum
amplitude A. (a) Find the wavelength and the wave number k. (b) Take the origin at one end of the string and
X-axis along the string. Take the Y-axis along the direction of the displacement. Take t = 0 and the instant
when the middle point of the string passes through its mean position and is going towards the positive
y-direction. Write the equation describing the standing wave.
17. A travelling wave of amplitude 5 A is partially reflected from a boundary with the amplitude
3 [Link] to superposition of two waves with different amplitudes in opposite directions a standing wave
pattern is formed. Determine the amplitude at node and antinodes.
18. Two waves are described by
y1 = 0.30 sin [(5x – 200t)]
and y2 = 0.30 sin [(5x – 200t) + /3]
where y1, y2 and x are in meters and t is in seconds. When these two waves are combined, a traveling wave
is produced. What are the (a) amplitude, (b) wave speed, and (c) wave length of that traveling wave ?
19. A 50 cm long wire of mass 20 g supports a mass of 1.6 kg as shown in figure. Find the first overtone
frequency of the portion of the string between the wall and the pulley. Take g = 10 m/s 2.

20. Two waves are generated on a string of length 3.0 m to produce a three-loop standing wave with an amplitude
of 1.0 cm. The wave speed is 100 m/s. Let the equation for one of the waves be of the form y(x, . t) = ym sin
(kx + t). In the equation for the other wave. What are (a) ym. (b) k. (c) , and (d) the sign in front of ?
21. A 1 m long rope, having a mass of 40 g, is fixed at one end and is tied to a light string at the other end. The
tension in the string is 400 N. (a) Find the frequencies of the fundamental and the first two overtones.
(b) Find the wavelength in the fundamental and the first two overtones.
22. Ocean waves with a crest-to-crest distance of 10.0 m can be described by the wave function
y(x, t) = (0.800 m) sin [0.628(x – vt)]
where v = 1.20 m/s. (a) Sketch y(x, t) at t = 0, (b) Sketch y(x, t) at t = 2.00 s. Note how the entire waveform
shifts 2.40 m in positive x direction in this time interval.
23. A wave pulse passing on a string with a speed of 40 cm/s in the negative x-direction has its maximum at
x = 10 at t = 0. Where will this maximum be located at t = 5 s ?
24. In an experiment of standing waves, a string 90 cm long is attached to the prong of an electrically driven
tuning fork that oscillates perpendicular to the length of the string at a frequency of 60 Hz. The mass of the
string is 0.044 kg. What tension must the string be under (weights are attached to the other end) if it is to
oscillate in four loops?
String Wave 129
 PART - II : OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
Single choice type
1. An object of specific gravity  is hung from a thin steel wire. The fundamental frequency for transverse
standing waves in the wire is 300 Hz. The object is immersed in water so that one half of its volume is
submerged. The new fundamental frequency in Hz is [JEE - 95]

1/ 2 1/ 2
 2  1   2   2   2  1 
(A) 300   (B) 300   (C) 300   (D) 300  
 2   2  1   2  1   2 

2. (a) A circular loop of rope of length L rotates with uniform angular

velocity  about an axis through its centre on a horizontal smooth
platform. Velocity of pulse (with respect to rope) produced due to
slight radial displacement is given by
L
(A)  L (B)
2

L L
(C) (D)
 4 2
(b) In the above question if the motion of the pulse and rotation of the loop, both are in same
direction then the velocity of the pulse w.r.t. to ground will be :

L L L
(A)  L (B) (C) (D)
2  4 2
(c) In the above question if both are in opposite direction then the velocity of the pulse w.r.t. to
ground will be:
L L
(A)  L (B) (C) (D) 0
2 

3. A metallic wire with tension T and at temperature 30°C vibrates with its fundamental frequency of 1
kHz. The same wire with the same tension but at 10°C temperature vibrates with a fundamental frequency
of 1.001 kHz. The coefficient of linear expansion of the wire is
(A) 2 × 10–4 °C –1 (B) 1.5 × 10–4 °C –1 (C) 1 × 10–4 °C–1 (D) 0.5 × 10–4 °C–1
4. A steel wire of length 1 m and mass 0.1 kg and having a uniform cross-sectional area of 10–6 m 2 is
rigidly fixed at both ends. The temperature of the wire is lowered by 20°C. If the transverse waves are
set up by plucking the string in the middle, the frequency of the fundamental note of vibration is
(Ysteel = 2 × 1011 N/m 2, steel = 1.21 × 10–5/°C)
(A) 44 Hz (B) 88 Hz (C) 22 Hz (D) 11 Hz
5. A sonometer wire is divided in many segments using bridges. If fundamental natural frequencies of the
segments are n1, n2, n3.... then the fundamental natural frequency of entire sonometer wire will be (If the
divisions were not made) :
(A) n = n1 + n2 + n3 + .. (B) n = n1  n 2  n3  ....

1 1 1 1
(C) n  n  n  n  ...... (D) none of the above
1 2 3

6. A stone is hung in air from a wire which is stretched over a sonometer. The bridges of the sonometer are
40 cm apart when the wire is in unison with a tuning fork of frequency 256. When the stone is completely
immersed in water, the length between the bridges is 22 cm for re-establishing (same mode) unison
with the same tuning fork. The specific gravity of the material of the stone is:

( 40)2 ( 40 )2 22 40
(A) (B) (C) 256× (D) 256 ×
( 40 )2  (22)2 ( 40 )2  (22)2 40 22

130 String Wave

7. A heavy but uniform rope of length L is suspended from a ceiling. A particle is dropped from the ceiling at the
instant when the bottom end is given the jerk. Where will the particle meet the pulse :
2L L
(A) at a distance lf from the bottom (B) at a distance from the bottom
3 3

3L
(C) at a distance from the bottom (D) None of these
4
8. Graph shows three waves that are separately sent along a string that is stretched under a certain
tension along x–axis. If 1,2 and 3 are their angular frequencies respectively then :

(A) 1 = 3 > 2 (B) 1 > 2 > 3 (C) 2 > 1 = 3 (D) 1 = 2 = 3

9. A certain transverse sinusoidal wave of wavelength 20 cm is moving in the positive x direction. The
transverse velocity of the particle at x = 0 as a function of time is shown. The amplitude of the motion
is :

5  10
(A) cm (B) cm (C) cm (D) 2 cm
 2 
10. The same progressive wave is represented by two graphs  and . Graph  shows how the displacement
'y' varies with the distance x along the wave at a given time. Graph  shows how y varies with time t at
a given point on the wave. The ratio of measurements AB to CD, marked on the curves, represents :

(A) wave number k (B) wave speed V. (C) frequency . (D) angular frequency 
11. A transverse periodic wave on a string with a linear mass density of 0.200 kg/m is described by the
following equation
y = 0.05 sin(420t – 21.0 x)
where x and y are in meters and t is in seconds.
The tension in the string is equal to :
(A) 32 N (B) 42 N (C) 66 N (D) 80 N
12. Which of the following function correctly represents the travelling wave equation for finite positive values
of x and t :
(A) y = x2 – t2 (B) y = cosx2 sint
(C) y = log (x – t ) – log(x – t)
2 2
(D) y = e2x sint

String Wave 131

13. Equation of a standing wave is expressed as y = 2A sint coskx. In the equation, quantity /k represents
(A) the transverse speed of the particles of the string.
(B) the speed of the component waves.
(C) the speed of the standing wave.
(D) a quantity that is independent of the properties of the string.
14. A 20 cm long rubber string fixed at both ends obeys Hook’s law. Initially when it is stretched to make
its total length of 24 cm, the lowest frequency of resonance is 0. It is further stretched to make its total
length of 26 cm. The lowest frequency of resonance will now be :
(A) the same as 0 (B) greater than 0
(C) lower than 0 (D) None of these
15. The wave–function for a certain standing wave on a string fixed at both ends is y(x,t) = 0.5 sin (0.025x)
cos500 t where x and y are in centimeters and t is in seconds. The shortest possible length of the
string is :
(A) 126 cm (B) 160 cm (C) 40 cm (D) 80 cm
16. A wave travels on a light [Link] equation of the wave is Y = A sin (kx – t + 30°).It is reflected from a heavy
string tied to an end of the light string at x = [Link] 64% of the incident energy is reflected the equation of the
reflected wave is
(A)Y = 0.8 A sin (kx – t + 30° + 180°) (B)Y = 0.8 A sin (kx + t + 30° + 180°)
(C)Y = 0.8 A sin (kx + t – 30°) (D)Y = 0.8 A sin (kx + t + 30°)
17. A 75 cm string fixed at both ends produces resonant frequencies 384 Hz and 288 Hz without there
being any other resonant frequency between these two. Wave speed for the string is :
(A) 144 m/s (B) 216 m/s (C) 108 m/s (D) 72 m/s
18. A string of length ‘’ is fixed at both ends. It is vibrating in its 3rd overtone with maximum amplitude ‘a’. The

amplitude at a distance from one end is :
3

3a a
(A) a (B) 0 (C) (D)
2 2

19. A wire having a linear density of 0.05 gm/cm is stretched between two rigid supports with a tension of
4.5 × 107 dynes. It is observed that the wire resonates at a frequency of 420 cycles/sec. The next
higher frequency at which the same wire resonates is 490 cycles/sec. The length of wire is approximately.
(A) 314 cm (B) 254 cm (C) 214 cm (D) 354 cm
20. A wire of density 9 gm/cm 3 is stretched between two clamps 1.00 m apart while subjected to an
extension of 0.05 cm. The lowest frequency of transverse vibrations in the wire is
(Assume Young's modulus Y = 9 × 1010 N/m 2) [JEE - 75]
(A) 35 Hz (B) 45 Hz (C) 75 Hz (D) 90 Hz
21. Two wave pulses travel in opposite directions on a string and approach each other. The shape of the one
pulse is same with respect to the other.
(A) the pulses will collide with each other and vanish after collision
(B) the pulses will reflect from each other i.e., the pulse going towards right will finally move towards left and
vice versa.
(C) the pulses will pass through each other but their shapes will be modified
(D) the pulses will pass through each other without any change in their shape
22. A man generates a sym metrical pulse in a string by m oving his hand up and down. At
t = 0 the point in his hand moves downward. The pulse travels with speed 3 m/s on the string & his
hands pass 6 times in each second from the mean position. Then the point on the string at a distance
3m will reach its upper extreme first time at time t =
13
(A) 1.25 sec. (B) 1 sec (C) sec. (D) none
12

132 String Wave

23._ When a wave pulse travelling in a string is reflected from a rigid wall to
which string is tied as shown in figure. For this situation two statements
are given below. v
(1) The reflected pulse will be in same orientation of incident pulse due
to a phase change of  radians
(2) During reflection the wall exerts a force on string in upward direction
For the above given two statements choose the correct option given below.
(A) Only (1) is true (B) Only (2) is true (C) Both are true (D) Both are wrong
24. Which of the following function correctly represents the wave equation for finite values of x and t :
(A) y = x2 – t2 (B) y = cosx2 sint
(C) y = log (x – t ) – log(x – t)
2 2
(D) y = e2x sint
25._ The figure shows at time t = 0 second, a rectangular and triangular pulse on a uniform wire are approaching
each other. The pulse speed is 0.5 cm/s. The resultant pulse at t = 2 second is

(A) (B)

(C) (D)

One or more than one correct choice type

26*. The particle displacement in a wave is given by
y = 0.2 × 10–5 cos (500 t – 0.025 x)
where the distances are measured in meters and time in seconds. Now
(A) wave velocity is 2 × 104 ms–1 (B) particle velocity is 2 × 104 ms–1

(C) initial phase difference is (D) wavelength of the wave is (80) m
2
27*. A wave disturbance in a medium is described by y(x, t) = 0.02 cos (50 t + /2) cos10(x), where x and
y are in meter and t in second. [JEE - 95]
(A) A node occurs at x = 0.15 m (B) An antinode occurs at x = 0.3 m
(C) The speed of wave is 5 ms –1 (D) The wavelength is 0.2m.
28*. A transverse sinusoidal wave of amplitude a, wavelength  and frequency f is travelling on a stretched
string. The maximum speed of any point on the string is v /10, where v is the speed of propagation of
the wave. if a = 10–3 m and v = 10 m/s, then  and f are given by
(A)  = 2  × 10–2 m (B)  = 10–3 m (C) f = 103 / (2) Hz (D) f = 104 Hz
29*. The vibrations of a string of length 600 cm fixed at both ends are represented by the equation
 x 
y = 4 sin    cos (96  t)
 15 
where x and y are in cm and t in seconds. [JEE - 85]
(A) The maximum displacement of a point x = 5 cm is 2 3 cm .
(B) The nodes located along the string are at a distance of 15n where integer n varies from 0 to 40.
(C) The velocity of the particle at x = 7.5 cm at t = 0.25 sec is 0
(D) The equations of the component waves whose superposition gives the above wave are
 x   x 
2 sin 2   48 t  , 2 sin2   48 t  
 30   30 
String Wave 133
30*. Following are equations of four waves :
 x  x
(i) y1 = a sin   t   (ii) y2 = a cos   t  
   
 x  x
(iii) z1 = a sin   t   (iv) z2 = a cos   t  
    
Which of the following statements is/are correct ?
(A) On superposition of waves (i) and (iii), a travelling wave having amplitude a 2 will be formed
(B) Superposition of waves (ii) and (iii) is not possible
(C) On superposition of (i) and (ii), a stationary wave having amplitude a 2 will be formed
(D) On superposition of (iii) and (iv), a transverse stationary wave will be formed
31*. If the tension in a string is increased by 21 percent, the fundamental frequency of the string changes by
15 Hz. Which of the following statements will also be correct ?
(A) The original fundamental frequency is nearly 150 Hz
(B) The velocity of propagation changes nearly by 4.5%
(C) The velocity of propagation changes nearly by 10%
(D) The fundamental wavelength changes nearly by 10%
32*. In a stationary wave,
(A) all the particles of the medium vibrate either in phase or in opposite phase
(B) all the antinodes vibrate in opposite phase
(C) the alternate antinodes vibrate in phase
(D) all the particles between consecutive nodes vibrate in phase

PART - I : AIEEE PROBLEMS (LAST 10 YEARS)

1. A string is stretched between fixed points separated by 75 cm. It is observed to have resonant frequencies
of 420 Hz and 315 Hz. There are no other resonant frequencies between these two. Then, the lowest reso-
nant frequency for this string is [AIEEE 2006 3/180]
(1) 10.5 Hz (2) 105 Hz (3) 1.05 Hz (4) 1050 Hz
2. A wave travelling along the x- axis is described by the equation y(x,t) = 0.005 cos (x –t). If the
wavelength and the time period of the wave are 0.08 m and 2.0 s, respectively, then  and  in appropriate
units are [AIEEE 2008 3/105, –1]
0.08 2.0 0.04 1.0 
(1)   ,  (2)   ,  (3)   12.50 ,   (4)  = 25.00 ,  = 
    2.0
3. The equation of a wave on a string of linear mass density 0.04 kg m –1 is given by y = 0.02 (m) sin

  t x 
2π    . The tension in the string is : [AIEEE 2010 144/4 –1]
  0.04(s) 0.50(m) 
(1) 4.0 N (2) 12.5 N (3) 0.5 N (4) 6.25 N
4. The transverse displacement y(x,t) of a wave on a string is given by

y( x, t )  e  ax 
2
bt 2  2 ab xt

This represents a : [AIEEE - 2011]

a b
(1) wave moving in +x–direction with speed (2) wave moving in –x-direction with speed
b a

1
(3) standing wave of frequency b (4) standing wave of frequency
b

134 String Wave

5. A travelling wave represented by y = A sin ((t – kx) is superimposed on another wave represented by y = A
sin (t + kx). The resultant is : [AIEEE 2011, 11 MAY; 4, –1]
(1) A wave travelling along + x direction
(2) A wave travelling along – x direction
n
(3) A standing wave having nodes at x = , n = 0, 1, 2 ....
2

 1 
(4) A standing wave having nodes at x =  n   ; n = 0, 1, 2 .....
 2  2

6. A sonometer wire of length 1.5 m is made of steel. The tension in it produces an elastic strain of 1%. What
is the fundamental frequency of steel if density and elasticity of steel are 7.7 × 103 kg/m3 and 2.2 × 1011 N/m2
respectively ? [JEE-(Main) 2013, 4/120, –1]
(1) 188.5 Hz (2) 178.2 Hz (3) 200.5 Hz (4) 770 Hz

String Wave 135

 HINTS AND SOLUTIONS OF BOARD LEVEL EXERCISE 13. 0.5 s
1. A periodic wave function, whose functional form
is sine or cosine is called a harmonic wave 14. The broad view of the pulse under the tension T
function. is given by

2. For air, the modulus of rigidity is zero. In other

words, gases do not posses the property of
cohesion. Therefore, transverse waves cannot be
produced in air.
3. T h e c onver s e is not true . An o bvious
requirement for an acceptable function for a
travelling wave is that it should be finite
everywhere and at all times. Only function (c)
satisfies this condition, the remaining functions
 v2
cannot possibly represent a travelling wave. As; 2T sin = dm
2 R
4. The wave motion is of two types namely transverse
and longitudinal wave motion  m v2
 2T =   .R
1. Transverse wave motion. When the particles 2  R
of the medium vibrate about their mean position
in a direction perpendicular to the direction of T
disturbance, the wave motion is called the  v=

transverse wave motion.
2. Longitudinal wave motion. W hen the m
where  = , is the mass per unit length of
particles of the medium vibrate about their mean 
position in the direction of propagation of the string also known as the linear mass
disturbance, the wave motion is called the density.
longitudinal wave motion. 15. (a) A travelling wave. It travels from right to left
with a speed of 20 ms–1.
5. (a) 6.4  rad (b) 0.8  rad (b) 3.0 cm, 5.7 Hz
(c)  rad (d) (p/2) rad (c) /4 (d) 3.5 m
6. Properties of elasticity and inertia 16. Superposition principle
When two or more than two trains of waves travel
7. The particle velocity varies both with position and
in a medium at time each train of wave proceeds
time, whereas wave velocity for a wave motion
in dependently, as if the other trains of waves are
remains the same.
absent. The displacement of the particle at any
8. 322.9 ms–1 9. 22.28 ms–1 instant of time due to these waves is totally
independent of one another and can be obtained
10. 2 × 10–3 s
by the vector sum of the individual displacements.
11. 4.3 × 103 ms–1; 2.07 × 103 ms–1
Such a process by which the different trains of
12. The velocity of transverse wave motion is given waves travelling through a medium simultaneously
by overlap. one another without losing their individual
nature or shape in called superposition of waves.
distance travelled by the wave
v 17. The superposition of two waves gives rise to the
time taken
following important effects :
Since the distance equal to wavelength () is trav-
elled by the wave in a time equal to the period of 1. When two waves of same frequency (or
vibration (T) of the particle of the medium, we wavelength) moving with the same speed and in
have. the same direction superpose on each other, they
give rise to an effect, called interference of waves.
  1
v
   2. When two waves of the same frequency moving
T  T 
with the same speed in opposite direction
(reciprocal of time period is frequency) superpose on each other, they give rise to
v =  stationary waves.

136 String Wave

 3. When two waves of slightly different frequency energy along the wave. Like the progressive
moving with the same speed in the same waves, stationary waves may be transverse or
direction superpose on each other, they give rise longitudinal in nature.
to beats. Transverse stationary waves. They are formed
due to the superposition of two progressive
18. 50 cm
transverse waves. For example,the stationary
19. In a stationary wave, the particles of the medium wave produced in the vibrating string of a
vibrate about their mean positions, but sonometer in Melde's experiment.
disturbance does not travel in any direction. Longitudinal stationary waves. They are
20. When two progressive waves of same frequency formed due to the superposition of two progressive
moving with same speed in opposite direction in longitudinal waves. For example, the stationary
a medium superpose on each other, the stationary waves formed in the vibrating air columns in the
waves are produced. pipes, Kundt's tube and resonance apparatus.
21. 1. In a progressive wave, disturbance travels for EXERCISE # 1
word in the medium; while in a stationary wave,
PART - I
the disturbance does not move forward or
backward. SECTION (A)
2. In a progressive wave, there is no transmission
2
of energy while in a stationary wave, the is no A 1. (a) 10 mm (b) 5 cm–1 (c) cm
transmission of energy. 5

22. On immersing load in water, the apparent weight 1

(d) 30 Hz (e) s (f) 12 cm/s.
of the load and hence the tension in the sting 30
decreases. Since v  T , the freqeuncy of the
vibrating wire decreases. A 2. (a) 10 rad/s (b) /2 rad/m (c) y = (12 × 10–2 m)
23. (a) Stationary wave.  6
(b) Unacceptable function for any wave. sin ( x – 10 t) (d)  m/s (e) 12 2 m/s2
2 5
(c) Travelling harmonic wave.
(d) Superposition of two stationary waves.   7 
A 3. 0.5 sin  t  x 
24. 60 cm, 30 cm, 20 cm 3 18 9 
25. (a) Stationary wave A 4. (a) D, E, F (b) A, B, H (c) C, G (d) A, E
(b)  = 3 m, n = 60 Hz, and u= 180 m s-1 for
each wave
SECTION (B)
(c) 648 N
26. y = 0.005 sin (t + kx); here  1
B 1. 300 3 m/s B 2. sec
= 1.61 × 103 s –1, k = 4.84 m –1 50
x and y are in m.
3
27. Stationary wave : B 3. m. B 4. 100 Hz, 4 cm, 4 m/s
10 5
Whenever two progressive waves of the same
wavelength and amplitude travel with the same B 5. 4
speed through a medium in opposite directions B 6. (a) 200 m/s (b) 240 m/s
and superpose upon each other, they give rise to
what is called stationary or standing waves. SECTION (C)
In stationary waves, there are certain points, 4
where the amplitude is zero and strain is C 1. (a) y = (7.50 cm) sin ( x – 314t + )
3
maximum. These points are known as nodes.
Midway between these nodes, there is another 2025  2
category of points, where the amplitude is (b) ~– 625 W
32
maximum and the strain is zero. These points
C 2. 50 mW
are known as [Link] between the nodes
and the antinodes, the amplitude lies between
zero and [Link] waves are called
stationary waves, because there is no flow of
String Wave 137
SECTION (D) EXERCISE # 2
2   PART - I
D 1. y’ = 0.8 a sin  t  x   .
  2 1. (a) 1.2  m/s = 3.768 m/s (b) 10.8 N
(c) 0 (d) 12.96 2 (e) 0
D 2. (a) Zero (b) 0.300 m.
(f) 0 (g) 0.5 cm
D 3. (a) 2 (b)  (c) 4.0 mm, zero
10
2. (a) î m/s (b) –5.48 cm (c) 0.667 m, 5.00 Hz
3
SECTION (E)
(d) 11.0 m/s
E 1. (a) 2.5 Hz; (b) 5 Hz; (c) 7.5 Hz.
3. (a) y = ± (8.00 cm) sin (7.85x + 6t)
250 1250 (b) y = (8.00 cm) sin (7.85x + 6t – 0.785)
E 2. (a) m/s; (b) 60.0 cm; (c) Hz
3 3 3 5. M2= 10 kg , M1 = 20 kg
6. 0.03 sec.
400 7. (a) 0.47 W (b) 9.4 mJ
E 3. Hz
3 8. (a)  = 1 m , f = 400 Hz
E 4. (a) 0.25 cm (b) 1.2 × 102 cm/s; (c) 3.0 cm; (d) 0 (b) y =  (3 mm) sin 2 x cos 800 t
(c) y 1 = ( 1.5 m m ) sin (2 x + 8 00 t)
E 5. (a) 100 Hz (b) 700 Hz
y2 = (1.5 mm) sin (2 x  800 t)
E 6. (i) y1 = 1.5 cos {(/20)x  72t} , y2 =1.5 cos (d) KEmax = (1/4) m2 A2 = 1.44 J
{(/20)x + 72 t}
9. 5 cm from the left end
(ii) 10 , 30 , 50 cm and 0 , 20 , 40 , 60 cm
10. amax = 3.5 2 mm; to the third overtone.
(iii) 0
11. (a) 30 Hz (b) 3rd, 5th and 7th
PART - II (c) 1st, 2nd, 3rd (d) 96m/sec.

SECTION (A) 121

12. × 103 kg/m3 13. 11 vibrations/sec.
21
A 1. (A) A 2. (C) A 3. (B)
14. 180 Hz 15. 240 Hz.
A 4. (B) A 5. (B) A 6. (C)
16. (a) 4L, /2L, (b) y = A sin (x/2L) sin (2f t)
A 7. (A) A 8. (C) A 9. (D) 17. 2 A, 8 A
A 10. (B) A 11*. (A,D) A 12. (B) 18. (a) 0.52 m; (b) 40 m/s ; (c) 0.40 m
A 13. (B) A 14*. (A,B,C,D)
19. 50 Hz.
A 15*. (B,C,D) A 16. (C)
1
SECTION (B) 20. (a) cm; (b)  m–1 ;
2
B 1. (A) B 2. (D) B 3. (C)
(c) 100 s–1; (d) minus or plus.
B 4. (D)
SECTION (C) 4 4
21. (a) 25 Hz, 75 Hz, 125 Hz (b) 4m, m, m
3 5
C 1. (C) C 2. (A) C 3. (C)
23. At x = – 190 cm 24. 36 N
C 4. (C) C 5. (A) C 6. (D)
C 7. (C)
PART - II
SECTION (D) 1. (A)
D 1. (B) D 2. (C) D 3. (D) 2. (a) (B) (b) (C) (c) (D)
D 4. (B) D 5. (C) D 6*. (A,C)
3. (C) 4. (D) 5. (C)
D 7. (A) D 8. (A)
6. (B) 7. (B) 8. (A)
PART - III
9. (C) 10. (B) 11. (D)
1. (D) 2. (D)
12. (C) 13. (B) 14. (B)
138 String Wave
15. (C) 16. (C) 17. (A)

18. (C) 19. (C) 20. (A)

21. (D) 22. (A) 23. (D)

24. (C) 25. (D) 26*. (A,D)

27*. (A,B,C,D) 28*. (A,C)

29*. (A,B,C,D) 30*. (A,D)

31*. (A,C) 32*. (A,C,D)

EXERCISE # 3

PART - I
1. (2) 2. (4) 3. (4)

4. (2) 5. (4) 6. (2)

String Wave 139