Statistics: Random Variables & Distributions
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lejh2296Statistics: Random Variables & Distributions
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Powered by AIFor a Poisson distribution with an average rate λ=5 complaints per hour, the probability of receiving three or fewer complaints in an hour is calculated by summing the probabilities of getting 0, 1, 2, and 3 complaints: P(X ≤ 3) = Σ(e^(-5) * 5^k / k!) from k=0 to 3. Calculating these gives P(X ≤ 3) ≈ 0.265 .
In a continuous uniform distribution over the interval from 1:00 pm to 5:00 pm (4 hours), the time after 4:00 pm is one hour. The probability of a delivery time after 4:00 pm is the portion of the interval after 4:00, which is 1/4th of the total interval. Hence, 25% of the deliveries are made after 4:00 pm .
The number of heads in three coin tosses can be modeled using a binomial distribution with parameters n=3 (number of trials) and p=0.7 (probability of heads). The pmf is given by f(x) = C(3, x) * (0.7)^x * (0.3)^(3-x) where x = 0, 1, 2, 3, representing all possible numbers of heads. The cumulative distribution function (CDF) is the sum of pmf values f(x) for all x up to the point of interest .
For events with return probability p=0.01, the probability of at least one return among ten customers is 1 minus the probability of no returns among them. The probability of no returns is (1-0.01)^10 = 0.9044. Thus, the probability of at least one return is 1 - 0.9044 = 0.0956 .
When sample size is large and success probability is small, Poisson distribution approximates binomial distribution. For n=1000 and p=0.01, using Poisson with λ=np=10, the Poisson probability Pr(X=10) is computed via P(X=10) = e^(-10) * 10^10 / 10!. This approximation holds better than binomial's exact method due to computational simplicity and accuracy for small p and large n .
Using the standard normal distribution, the probability of a z-value falling between -1 and 3 is found by P(-1 < Z < 3) which can be calculated as P(Z < 3) - P(Z < -1). Using the cumulative standard normal table, find these probabilities: P(Z < 3) ≈ 0.9987 and P(Z < -1) ≈ 0.1587, resulting in P(-1 < Z < 3) ≈ 0.84 .
A sequence from -3 to 3 in 0.1 increments can illustrate standard normal properties using f(x)=e^(-x^2/2)/√(2π). Create vector seq(-3, 3, by=0.1) to compute f(x) across it, then plot points showing Gaussian bell curve, demonstrating how probabilities form around different z-scores in continuous normal distribution .
Given the pmf f(x) = cx for x=1,...,5 and 0 otherwise, the sum of all probabilities should equal 1 from the normalization condition of probability. Compute Σ(cx) for x=1 to 5, which gives the equation c(1+2+3+4+5) = 1. Solving this, c(15) = 1 thus c = 1/15 .
For a Bernoulli random variable X with parameter p=0.3, the pmf f(x) is defined as f(x) = p for x=1 (success) and f(x) = 1-p for x=0 (failure). Therefore, f(x) = 0.3 when x=1 and f(x) = 0.7 when x=0. The cumulative distribution function F(x) is given by F(x) = 0 for x<0, F(x) = 0.7 for 0 <= x < 1, and F(x) = 1 for x >= 1 .
Given the cumulative distribution function F(x) as F(x) = 0 for x<0, F(x) = 1/3 for 0 ≤ x < 1, and F(x) = 1 for x ≥ 1, the probability mass function can be derived by computing differences in the CDF values at successive segment boundaries. The pmf is f(x=0) = 1/3 - 0 = 1/3 and f(x=1) = 1 - 1/3 = 2/3. For other values of x, f(x)=0 .