[AKU-PATNA] [110-EEE]

CURRICULUM
FOR
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

SEMESTER - IV (ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING)

[Link] Paper Code Paper Title L T P Credits

1 PCC-EEE06 Analog Electronics 3 0 0 3

2 PCC-EEE07 Analog Electronics Laboratory 0 0 2 1

3 PCC-EEE08 Electrical Machines - II 3 0 0 3

4 PCC-EEE09 Electrical Machines Laboratory - II 0 0 2 1

5 PCC-EEE10 Microprocessors 3 0 0 3

6 PCC-EEE11 Digital Electronics and Microprocessor 0 0 2 1

Laboratory

7 PCC-EEE12 Signals and Systems 2 1 0 3

8 BSC 401 Mathematics - III(Probability and 3 1 0 4

Statistics)

9 - Biology - I 2 1 0 3

10 - HSMC Elective Courses 3 0 0 3

11 - Environmental Science 3 0 0 0

12 - Capstone Design Project 3 0 0 0

13 - NCC / NSS / other Clubs & Society 3 0 0 0

Activity / Sports

PAPER CODE - PCC EEE 06

PCC-EEE06 Analog Electronic Circuits L:3 T:0 P:0 CREDIT:3

Detailed contents:

Module 1
Diode circuits: P-N junction diode, I-V characteristics of a diode; review of
half-wave and full-wave rectifiers, Zener diodes, clamping and clipping circuits.

1
Module 2
BJT circuits: Structure and I-V characteristics of a BJT; BJT as a switch. BJT
as an amplifier: small-signal model, biasing circuits, current mirror;
common-emitter, common-base and common-collector amplifiers; Small signal equivalent
circuits, high-frequency equivalent circuits

Module 3
MOSFET circuits: MOSFET structure and I-V characteristics. MOSFET as a switch.
MOSFET as an amplifier: small signal model and biasing circuits, common-source,
common-gate and common-drain amplifiers; small signal equivalent circuits - gain,
input and output impedances, trans-conductance, high frequency equivalent circuit.

Module 4
Differential, multi-stage and operational amplifiers: Differential amplifier;
power amplifier; direct coupled multistage amplifier; internal structure of an
operational amplifier, ideal op-amp, non-idealities in an op-amp (Output offset
voltage, input bias current, input offset current, slew rate, gain bandwidth
product), Frequency Response of the amplifier.

Module 5
Linear applications of op-amp: Idealized analysis of op-amp circuits.
Inverting a n d non-inverting amplifier, differential amplifier, +instrumentation
amplifier, integrator, active filter, P, PI and PID controllers and lead/lag
compensator using an op-amp, voltage regulator, Feedback amplifiers and Oscillators
design (Wein bridge and phase shift). Analog to Digital Conversion.

Module 6
Nonlinear applications of op-amp: Hysteretic Comparator, Zero Crossing
Detector, Square-wave and triangular-wave generators. Precision rectifier, peak
detector. Monoshot.

Text/References:
➔ A. S. Sedra and K. C. Smith, “Microelectronic Circuits”, New York, Oxford
University Press, 1998.
➔ J. V. Wait, L. P. Huelsman and G. A. Korn, “Introduction to Operational
Amplifier theory and applications”, McGraw Hill U. S., 1992.
➔ J. Millman and A. Grabel, “Microelectronics”, McGraw Hill Education, 1988.
➔ P. Horowitz and W. Hill, “The Art of Electronics”, Cambridge University Press,
1989.
➔ P.R. Gray, R.G. Meyer and S. Lewis, “Analysis and Design of Analog Integrated
Circuits”, John Wiley & Sons, 2001.

2
Course Outcomes:
At the end of this course, students will demonstrate the ability to

➔ Understand the characteristics of transistors.

➔ Design and analyze various rectifier and amplifier circuits.
➔ Design sinusoidal and non-sinusoidal oscillators.
➔ Understand the functioning of OP-AMP and design OP-AMP based circuits.

PAPER CODE - PCC EEE 07

PCC-EEE07 Analog Electronic Circuits Lab L:0 T:0 P:2 CREDIT:1

Hands-on experiments related to the course contents of PCC-EEE06

PAPER CODE - PCC EEE 08

PCC-EEE08 Electrical Machines - II L:3 T:0 P:0 CREDIT:3

Detailed contents:

Module 1
Fundamentals of AC machine windings: Physical arrangement of windings in
stator and cylindrical rotor; slots for windings; single-turn coil - active portion
and overhang; full-pitch coils, concentrated winding, distributed winding, winding
axis, 3D visualization of the above winding types, Air-gap MMF distribution with
fixed current through winding-concentrated and distributed, Sinusoidally distributed
winding, winding distribution factor

Module 2
Pulsating and revolving magnetic fields: Constant magnetic field, pulsating
magnetic field - alternating current in windings with spatial displacement, Magnetic
field produced by a single winding - fixed current and alternating current Pulsating
fields produced by spatially displaced windings, Windings spatially shifted by 90
degrees, Addition of pulsating magnetic fields, Three windings spatially shifted by
120 degrees (carrying three-phase balanced currents), revolving magnetic field.

Module 3
Induction Machines: Construction, Types (squirrel cage and slip-ring), Torque
Slip Characteristics, Starting and Maximum Torque. Equivalent circuit. Phasor

3
Diagram, Losses and Efficiency. Effect of parameter variation on torque speed
characteristics (variation of rotor and stator resistances, stator voltage,
frequency). Methods of starting, braking and speed control for induction motors.
Generator operation. Self-excitation. Doubly-Fed Induction Machines.

Module 4
Single-phase induction motors: Constructional features, double revolving field
theory, equivalent circuit, determination of parameters. Split-phase starting methods
and applications

Module 5
Synchronous machines: Constructional features, cylindrical rotor synchronous
machine - generated EMF, equivalent circuit and phasor diagram, armature reaction,
synchronous impedance, voltage regulation. Operating characteristics of synchronous
machines, V-curves. Salient pole machine - two reaction theory, analysis of phasor
diagram, power angle characteristics. Parallel operation of alternators -
synchronization and load division.

Text/References:
➔ A. E. Fitzgerald and C. Kingsley, "Electric Machinery”, McGraw Hill Education,
2013.
➔ M. G. Say, “Performance and design of AC machines”, CBS Publishers, 2002.
➔ P. S. Bimbhra, “Electrical Machinery”, Khanna Publishers, 2011.
➔ I. J. Nagrath and D. P. Kothari, “Electric Machines”, McGraw Hill Education,
2010.
➔ A. S. Langsdorf, “Alternating current machines”, McGraw Hill Education, 1984.
➔ P. C. Sen, “Principles of Electric Machines and Power Electronics”, John Wiley
& Sons, 2007.

Course Outcomes:
At the end of this course, students will demonstrate the ability to

➔ Understand the concepts of rotating magnetic fields.

➔ Understand the operation of ac machines.
➔ Analyse performance characteristics of ac machines.

PAPER CODE - PCC EEE 09

PCC-EEE09 Electrical Machines Lab - II L:0 T:0 P:2 CREDIT:1

Hands-on experiments related to the course contents of PCC-EEE08

4
PAPER CODE - PCC EEE 10

PCC-EEE10 Microprocessors L:3 T:0 P:0 CREDIT:3

Detailed contents:

Module 1
Fundamentals of Microprocessors: Fundamentals of Microprocessor Architecture.
8-bitMicroprocessor and Microcontroller architecture, Comparison of 8-bit
microcontrollers, 16-bit and 32-bit microcontrollers. Definition of embedded system
and its characteristics, Role of microcontrollers in embedded Systems. Overview of
the 8051 family.

Module 2
The 8051 Architecture: Internal Block Diagram, CPU, ALU, address, data and
control bus, Working registers, SFRs, Clock and RESET circuits, Stack and Stack
Pointer, Program Counter, I/O ports, Memory Structures, Data and Program Memory,
Timing diagrams and Execution Cycles.

Module 3
Instruction Set and Programming: Addressing modes: Introduction, Instruction
syntax, Data types, Subroutines Immediate addressing, Register addressing, Direct
addressing, Indirect addressing, Relative addressing, Indexed addressing, Bit
inherent addressing, bit direct addressing. 8051 Instruction set, Instruction
timings. Data transfer instructions, Arithmetic instructions, Logical instructions,
Branch instructions, Subroutine instructions, Bit manipulation instruction. Assembly
language programs, C language programs. Assemblers and compilers. Programming and
debugging tools.

Module 4
Memory and I/O Interfacing: Memory and I/O expansion buses, control signals,
memory wait states. Interfacing of peripheral devices such as General Purpose I/O,
ADC, DAC, timers, counters, memory devices.

Module 5
External Communication Interface: Synchronous and Asynchronous Communication.
RS232, SPI, I2C. Introduction and interfacing to protocols like Blue-tooth and
Zig-bee.

Module 6

5
 Applications: LED, LCD and keyboard interfacing. Stepper motor interfacing, DC
Motor interfacing, sensor interfacing.

Text / References:
➔ M . [Link], J. G. Mazidi and R. D. McKinlay, “The 8051 Microcontroller and
Embedded Systems: Using Assembly and C”,Pearson Education, 2007.
➔ K. J. Ayala, “8051 Microcontroller”, Delmar Cengage Learning,2004.
➔ R. Kamal, “Embedded System”, McGraw Hill Education,2009.
➔ R. S. Gaonkar, “, Microprocessor Architecture: Programming and Applications
with the 8085”, Penram International Publishing, 1996
➔ D.A. Patterson and J.H. Hennessy, "Computer Organization and Design: The
Hardware/Software interface”, Morgan Kaufman Publishers, 2013.
➔ D. V. Hall, “Microprocessors & Interfacing”, McGraw Hill Higher Education,
1991.

Course Outcomes:
At the end of this course, students will demonstrate the ability to

➔ Do assembly language programming.

➔ Do interfacing design of peripherals like I/O, A/D, D/A, timer etc.
➔ Develop systems using different microcontrollers.

PAPER CODE - PCC EEE 11

PCC-EEE11 Digital & Microprocessors Lab L:0 T:0 P:2 CREDIT:1

Hands-on experiments related to the course contents of PCC-EEE02 & PCC-EEE10

PAPER CODE - PCC EEE 12

PCC-EEE12 Signals and Systems L:2 T:1 P:0 CREDIT:3

Detailed contents:

Module 1
Introduction to Signals and Systems: Signals and systems as seen in everyday
life, and in various branches of engineering and science. Signal properties:
periodicity, absolute integrability, determinism and stochastic character. Some
special signals of importance: the unit step, the unit impulse, the sinusoid, the
complex exponential, some special time-limited signals; continuous and discrete time
signals, continuous and discrete amplitude signals. System properties: linearity:

6
additivity and homogeneity, shift-invariance, causality, stability, realizability.
Examples.

Module 2
Behavior of continuous and discrete-time LTI systems: Impulse response and
step response, convolution, input-output behavior with aperiodic convergent inputs,
cascade interconnections. Characterization of causality and stability of LTI systems.
System representation through differential equations and difference equations. State
Space Representation of systems. State-Space Analysis, Multi-input, multi-output
representation. State Transition Matrix and its Role. Periodic inputs to an LTI
system, the notion of a frequency response and its relation to the impulse response.

Module 3
Fourier, Laplace and z- Transforms: Fourier series representation of periodic
signals, Waveform Symmetries, Calculation of Fourier Coefficients. Fourier Transform,
convolution/multiplication and their effect in the frequency domain, magnitude and
phase response, Fourier domain duality. The Discrete-Time Fourier Transform (DTFT)
and the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT). Parseval's Theorem. Review of the Laplace
Transform for continuous time signals and systems, system functions, poles and zeros
of system functions and signals, Laplace domain analysis, solution to differential
equations and system behavior. The z-Transform for discrete time signals and systems,
system functions, poles and zeros of systems and sequences, z-domain analysis.

Module 4
Sampling and Reconstruction: The Sampling Theorem and its implications.
Spectra of sampled signals. Reconstruction: ideal interpolator, zero-order hold,
first-order hold. Aliasing and its effects. Relation between continuous and discrete
time systems. Introduction to the applications of signal and system theory:
modulation for communication, filtering, feedback control systems.

Text/References:
➔ A. V. Oppenheim, A. S. Willsky and S. H. Nawab, “Signals and systems”,
Prentice Hall India, 1997.
➔ J. G. Proakis and D. G. Manolakis, “Digital Signal Processing: Principles,
Algorithms, and Applications”, Pearson, 2006.
➔ H. P. Hsu, “Signals and systems”, Schaum’s series, McGraw Hill Education,
2010.
➔ S. Haykin and B. V. Veen, “Signals and Systems”, John Wiley and Sons, 2007.
➔ A. V. Oppenheim and R. W. Schafer, “Discrete-Time Signal Processing”, Prentice
Hall, 2009.
➔ M. J. Robert “Fundamentals of Signals and Systems”, McGraw Hill Education,
2007.
➔ B. P. Lathi, “Linear Systems and Signals”, Oxford University Press, 2009

7
Course Outcomes:
At the end of this course, students will demonstrate the ability to

➔ Understand the concepts of continuous time and discrete time systems.

➔ Analyse systems in complex frequency domains.
➔ Understand sampling theorem and its implications.

PAPER CODE - BSC 401

BSC 401 Mathematics - III(Probability and Statistics) L:3 T:1 P:0 CREDIT:4

Detailed contents:

Module 1
Basic Probability: Probability spaces, conditional probability, independence;
Discrete random variables, Independent random variables, the multinomial
distribution, Poisson approximation to the binomial distribution, infinite sequences
of Bernoulli trials, sums of independent random variables; Expectation of Discrete
Random Variables, Moments, Variance of a sum, Correlation coefficient, Chebyshev's
Inequality.

Module 2
Continuous Probability Distributions: Continuous random variables and their
properties, distribution functions and densities, normal, exponential and gamma
densities.

Module 3
Bivariate Distributions: Bivariate distributions and their properties,
distribution of sums and quotients, conditional densities, Bayes' rule.

Module 4
Basic Statistics: Measures of Central tendency: Moments, skewness and Kurtosis
- Probability distributions: Binomial, Poisson and Normal - evaluation of statistical
parameters for these three distributions, Correlation and regression – Rank
correlation.

Module 5

8
 Applied Statistics: Curve fitting by the method of least squares- fitting of
straight lines, second degree parabolas and more general curves. Test of
significance: Large sample test for single proportion, difference of proportions,
single mean, difference of means, and difference of standard deviations.

Module 6
Small samples: Test for single mean, difference of means and correlation
coefficients, test for ratio of variances - Chi-square test for goodness of fit and
independence of attributes.

Text / References:
➔ E. Kreyszig, “Advanced Engineering Mathematics”, John Wiley & Sons, 2006.
➔ P. G. Hoel, S. C. Port and C. J. Stone, “Introduction to Probability Theory”,
Universal Book Stall, 2003.
➔ S. Ross, “A First Course in Probability”, Pearson Education India, 2002.
➔ W. Feller, “An Introduction to Probability Theory and its Applications”, Vol.
1, Wiley, 1968.
➔ N.P. Bali and M. Goyal, “A textbook of Engineering Mathematics”, Laxmi
Publications, 2010.
➔ B.S. Grewal, “Higher Engineering Mathematics'', Khanna Publishers, 2000.
➔ T. Veerarajan, “Engineering Mathematics'', Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi, 2010

- Biology - I L:2 T:1 P:0 CREDIT:3

Detailed contents:

Module 1
Introduction: Purpose: To convey that Biology is as important a scientific
discipline as Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry. Bring out the fundamental
differences between science and engineering by drawing a comparison between eye and
camera, Bird flying and aircraft. Mention the most exciting aspect of biology as an
independent scientific discipline. Why do we need to study biology? Discuss how
biological observations of the 18th Century lead to major discoveries. Examples from
Brownian motion and the origin of thermodynamics by referring to the original
observation of Robert Brown and Julius Mayor. These examples will highlight the
fundamental importance of observations in any scientific inquiry.

Module 2
Classification: Purpose: To convey that classification per se is not what
biology is all about. The underlying criterion, such as morphological, biochemical or
ecological, can be highlighted. Hierarchy of life forms at phenomenological level. A

9
common thread weaves this hierarchy Classification. Discuss classification based on
(a) cellularity- Unicellular or multicellular (b) ultrastructure prokaryotes or
eukaryotes. (c) energy and Carbon utilization -Autotrophs, heterotrophs, lithotrophs
(d) Ammonia excretion – ammonotelic, uricotelic, ureotelic (e) Habitat- aquatic or
terrestrial (e) Molecular taxonomy- three major kingdoms of life. A given organism can
come under different categories based on classification. Model organisms for the study
of biology come from different groups. [Link], [Link], D. Melanogaster, C.
elegance, A. Thaliana, M. musculus

Module 3
Genetics: Purpose: To convey that “Genetics is to biology what Newton’s laws
are to Physical Sciences''. Mendel’s laws, Concept of segregation and independent
assortment. Concept of allele. Gene mapping, Gene interaction, Epistasis. Meiosis and
Mitosis are taught as a part of genetics. Emphasis to be given not to the mechanics of
cell division nor the phases but how genetic material passed from parent to offspring.
Concepts of recessiveness and dominance. Concept of mapping of phenotype to genes.
Discuss about the single gene disorders in humans. Discuss the concept of
complementation using human genetics.

Module 4
Biomolecules: Purpose: To convey that all forms of life has the same building
blocks and yet the manifestations are as diverse as one can imagine. Molecules of
life. In this context discuss monomeric units and polymeric structures. Discuss about
sugars, starch and cellulose. Amino acids and proteins. Nucleotides and DNA/RNA. Two
carbon units and lipids.

Module 5
Enzymes: Purpose: To convey that without catalysis life would not have existed
on earth. Enzymology: How to monitor enzyme catalysed reactions. How does an enzyme
catalyse reactions? Enzyme classification. Mechanism of enzyme action. Discuss at
least two examples. Enzyme kinetics and kinetic parameters. Why should we know these
parameters to understand biology? RNA catalysis.

Module 6
Information Transfer: Purpose: The molecular basis of coding and decoding
genetic information is universal. Molecular basis of information transfer. DNA as a
genetic material. Hierarchy of DNA structure from single stranded to double helix to
nucleosomes. Concept of genetic code. Universality and degeneracy of genetic code.
Define genes in terms of complementation and recombination.

Module 7

10
 Macromolecular analysis: Purpose: To analyse biological processes at the
reductionistic level. Proteins- structure and function. Hierarchy in protein
structure. Primary secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure. Proteins as enzymes,
transporters, receptors and structural elements.

Module 8
Metabolism: Purpose: The fundamental principles of energy transactions are the
same in the physical and biological world. Thermodynamics as applied to biological
systems. Exothermic and endothermic versus endergonic and exergonic reactions.
Concept of Keq and its relation to standard free energy. Spontaneity. ATP as an
energy currency. This should include the breakdown of glucose to CO2 + H2O
(Glycolysis and Krebs cycle) and synthesis of glucose from CO2 and H2O
(Photosynthesis). Energy yielding and energy consuming reactions. Concept of Energy
charge.

Module 9
Microbiology: Concept of single celled organisms. Concept of species and
strains. Identification and classification of microorganisms. Microscopy. Ecological
aspects of single celled organisms. Sterilization and media compositions. Growth
kinetics.

Text / References:
➔ N. A. Campbell, J. B. Reece, L. Urry, M. L. Cain and S. A. Wasserman,
“Biology: A global approach”, Pearson Education Ltd, 2014.
➔ E. E. Conn, P. K. Stumpf, G. Bruening and R. H. Doi, “Outlines of
Biochemistry”, John Wiley and Sons, 2009.
➔ D. L. Nelson and M. M. Cox, “Principles of Biochemistry”, W.H. Freeman and
Company, 2012.
➔ G. S. Stent and R. Calendar, “Molecular Genetics”, Freeman and company, 1978.
➔ L. M. Prescott, J. P. Harley and C. A. Klein, “Microbiology”, McGraw Hill
Higher Education, 2005.

Course Outcomes:
After studying the course, the student will be able to:

➔ Describe how biological observations of the 18th Century lead to major

discoveries.
➔ Convey that classification per se is not what biology is all about but
highlight the underlying criteria, such as morphological, biochemical and
ecological
➔ Highlight the concepts of recessiveness and dominance during the passage of
genetic material from parent to offspring

11
➔ Convey that all forms of life have the same building blocks and yet the
manifestations are as diverse as one can imagine
➔ Classify enzymes and distinguish between different mechanisms of enzyme
action.
➔ Identify DNA as a genetic material in the molecular basis of information
transfer.
➔ Analyse biological processes at the reductionistic level
➔ Apply thermodynamic principles to biological systems.
➔ Identify and classify microorganisms

****

12